ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were c...ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.展开更多
This is a continued study about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in the external medicine of TCM included in the WPRO Standard and the WFCMS Standard according to the discussion made in the book e...This is a continued study about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in the external medicine of TCM included in the WPRO Standard and the WFCMS Standard according to the discussion made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methodst, the explanation made in A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine,展开更多
External medicine, also frequently described as surgery, has a history as long as that of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. There were important doctors in each dynasty who devoted themselves to the study and prac...External medicine, also frequently described as surgery, has a history as long as that of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. There were important doctors in each dynasty who devoted themselves to the study and practice of external medicine. In TCM external medicine, diseases are named either according to their location （such as neck abscess and back carbuncle）, or viscera involved （such as intestinal abscess and lung abscess）, or causes （such as tetanus and chilblain, which are literally known respectively as wind damage of wound and sore caused by cold in TCM）, or shape （such as snake head boil and goose web wind）, or the color （such as erysipelas and vitiligo which are literally known respectively as red toxin and white skin wind）, etc.展开更多
Blood in Western medicine and血〔xue〕inTCM refer to the same substance,but some writ-ers insisted the use of xue or hsueh for TCM be-cause the latter’s knowledge about blood is differ-
rocky mass/cancer： any malignant tumor occurring on body surface that looks and feels like rock In classical Chinese medicine, the character 岩 （literally meaning rock） means the same thing as 癌 （malignant tumor...rocky mass/cancer： any malignant tumor occurring on body surface that looks and feels like rock In classical Chinese medicine, the character 岩 （literally meaning rock） means the same thing as 癌 （malignant tumor）. That is why it is now usually translated as ＂cancer＂ or ＂carcinoma＂, which is adopted in the WFCMS Standard. To translate it as ＂rocky mass＂ in the WPRO Standard appears quite unique and sounds semantically equivalent to the original term.展开更多
The following is a continued discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in external medicine included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western ...The following is a continued discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in external medicine included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）[1] and the standard compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMSStandard）[2], according to the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summariza- tion of Practice and Exploration of Methods[3].展开更多
Literary terms are the crystallization of Chinese ideology and wisdom. Translation and communication function as an important link in the construction of the discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Standardized...Literary terms are the crystallization of Chinese ideology and wisdom. Translation and communication function as an important link in the construction of the discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Standardized translation of literary terms is an important way to help the world understand China and promote international communication of Chinese culture, which is conducive to the inheritance and interpretation of fine traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of the "going global" strategy of Chinese culture in the new era, and the existing asymmetry of English translation of Chinese literary terms in international cultural communication, we analyzed the divergence, variation and imposed interpretation of the translations of Chinese literary terms and put forward some suggestions for their standardization. We believe that the translation of Chinese literary terms should adhere to the principle of "localization" in cultural communication and focus on the transmission of Chinese cultural connotation to correct the imposed interpretations of Chinese literature in the West. Standardizing the translations of literary terms will facilitate the communication of "Chinese knowledge" to the world. The paper is expected to provide reference for research on construction and enhancement of discourse system for global communication with Chinese characteristics.展开更多
Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The stan...Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The standardization of translation of TCM terms is also the key to promote the theoretical research of TCM translation and the international exchange and scientific research.展开更多
The following is a brief analysis of 22 terms related te gynecology and obstetrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the West...The following is a brief analysis of 22 terms related te gynecology and obstetrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）, according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methodsc.展开更多
The following is a continued analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western P...The following is a continued analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）[1] and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）[2], according to explanations made in the book entitled A Great Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[3], Chinese-English Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[4] and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methods[5].展开更多
The diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology are usually related to menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and psychology. About 69 terms are included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on...The diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology are usually related to menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and psychology. About 69 terms are included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard,展开更多
The following is the second discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in tradi- tional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology and obstetrics included in WHO International Standard Terminologi...The following is the second discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in tradi- tional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology and obstetrics included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCM Standard） , according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methods.展开更多
The following is a brief analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific...The following is a brief analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）EI~ and the Interna- tional Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）, according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicinet,展开更多
The following is a continued analysis about the third group of terms related to paediatrics in TCM included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbre...The following is a continued analysis about the third group of terms related to paediatrics in TCM included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese- English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）,展开更多
Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar term.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the characte...Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar term.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the characteristic and property index differences of Huangjiu,such as aroma and flavor profile,and physicochemical properties—brewed in different solar terms by choosing five representative fermentation times of Shaoxing Huangjiu.Results:Huangjiu samples in the current study all met the national standards of traditional semi-dry Huangjiu.There are significant differences in physicochemical properties such as acidity and amino nitrogen among different solar-term groups.Forty three detected volatiles were applied by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis analyses to differentiate the main factors.Volatiles mainly loaded to four principal components,which accounted for 86.5%.Nineteen volatiles were discriminated to significantly differentiate solar-term groups.Odor activity values(OAV)analysis found 14 compounds with OAV>1,while correlation analysis between volatiles and the outcomes of sensory evaluation displayed the various properties of Huangjiu on aroma and flavor due to the various combinations of volatiles,reducing sugar,acidity and amino nitrogen.After a national wine inspector evaluated and scored Huangjiu fermented in different solar terms,Huangjiu brewed in Winter Solstice exhibited the highest performance,with a score of 91.0,and praised as a kind of gold medal product.Conclusion:The methodology of this study can help to produce more types of appealing flavor and aroma of alcoholic beverages to consumers,build varietal Huangjiu or other alcoholic beverages through fermenting guidance by solar term,and even expand the applications of the traditional Chinese 24-solar term.展开更多
1 Introduction In recent years, several international standardized traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） nomenclatures have been published, including the major ones A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenc...1 Introduction In recent years, several international standardized traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） nomenclatures have been published, including the major ones A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature by World Health Organization （WHO） in 1991, International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region by WHO in the Western Pacific Region （WPRO） in 2007 and International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicinet31 by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （WFCMS） in 2007. However, an English translation of points applied in infant Tuina therapy is neither contained in any of these standardized nomenclatures,展开更多
文摘ETIOLOGICAL TERMSIn traditional Chinese medicine, etiology is commonly called "cause of disease". The various factors that may cause disease are called "pathogenic factors". In the past they were classified into three categories: "exogenous factors", "endogenous factors", and "non-exo-endogenous factors". In the modern textbooks this tri-causal hypothesis is not so widely used, while a new classification has been developed.
文摘This is a continued study about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in the external medicine of TCM included in the WPRO Standard and the WFCMS Standard according to the discussion made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methodst, the explanation made in A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine,
文摘External medicine, also frequently described as surgery, has a history as long as that of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. There were important doctors in each dynasty who devoted themselves to the study and practice of external medicine. In TCM external medicine, diseases are named either according to their location （such as neck abscess and back carbuncle）, or viscera involved （such as intestinal abscess and lung abscess）, or causes （such as tetanus and chilblain, which are literally known respectively as wind damage of wound and sore caused by cold in TCM）, or shape （such as snake head boil and goose web wind）, or the color （such as erysipelas and vitiligo which are literally known respectively as red toxin and white skin wind）, etc.
文摘Blood in Western medicine and血〔xue〕inTCM refer to the same substance,but some writ-ers insisted the use of xue or hsueh for TCM be-cause the latter’s knowledge about blood is differ-
文摘rocky mass/cancer： any malignant tumor occurring on body surface that looks and feels like rock In classical Chinese medicine, the character 岩 （literally meaning rock） means the same thing as 癌 （malignant tumor）. That is why it is now usually translated as ＂cancer＂ or ＂carcinoma＂, which is adopted in the WFCMS Standard. To translate it as ＂rocky mass＂ in the WPRO Standard appears quite unique and sounds semantically equivalent to the original term.
文摘The following is a continued discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in external medicine included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）[1] and the standard compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMSStandard）[2], according to the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summariza- tion of Practice and Exploration of Methods[3].
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China “Research on Henry H. Remak’s Thoughts in Comparative Literature”(20FWWB018)the research project of Translators Association of Sichuan “On the Translation of Chinese Literary Terms from the Perspective of International Communication”(YX2020011)。
文摘Literary terms are the crystallization of Chinese ideology and wisdom. Translation and communication function as an important link in the construction of the discourse system with Chinese characteristics. Standardized translation of literary terms is an important way to help the world understand China and promote international communication of Chinese culture, which is conducive to the inheritance and interpretation of fine traditional Chinese culture. From the perspective of the "going global" strategy of Chinese culture in the new era, and the existing asymmetry of English translation of Chinese literary terms in international cultural communication, we analyzed the divergence, variation and imposed interpretation of the translations of Chinese literary terms and put forward some suggestions for their standardization. We believe that the translation of Chinese literary terms should adhere to the principle of "localization" in cultural communication and focus on the transmission of Chinese cultural connotation to correct the imposed interpretations of Chinese literature in the West. Standardizing the translations of literary terms will facilitate the communication of "Chinese knowledge" to the world. The paper is expected to provide reference for research on construction and enhancement of discourse system for global communication with Chinese characteristics.
文摘Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The standardization of translation of TCM terms is also the key to promote the theoretical research of TCM translation and the international exchange and scientific research.
文摘The following is a brief analysis of 22 terms related te gynecology and obstetrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）, according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methodsc.
文摘The following is a continued analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）[1] and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）[2], according to explanations made in the book entitled A Great Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[3], Chinese-English Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine[4] and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methods[5].
文摘The diseases in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology are usually related to menstruation, leucorrhea, pregnancy and psychology. About 69 terms are included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard,
文摘The following is the second discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in tradi- tional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology and obstetrics included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCM Standard） , according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methods.
文摘The following is a brief analysis about some terms related to paediatrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard）EI~ and the Interna- tional Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）, according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicinet,
文摘The following is a continued analysis about the third group of terms related to paediatrics in TCM included in the WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese- English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）,
基金supported by the Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province Project(L20200079),China.
文摘Background:Through long-term research on Huangjiu fermentation,it has been found that the quality of Huangjiu is closely associated with Chinese 24-solar term.Therefore,this study was conducted to explore the characteristic and property index differences of Huangjiu,such as aroma and flavor profile,and physicochemical properties—brewed in different solar terms by choosing five representative fermentation times of Shaoxing Huangjiu.Results:Huangjiu samples in the current study all met the national standards of traditional semi-dry Huangjiu.There are significant differences in physicochemical properties such as acidity and amino nitrogen among different solar-term groups.Forty three detected volatiles were applied by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis analyses to differentiate the main factors.Volatiles mainly loaded to four principal components,which accounted for 86.5%.Nineteen volatiles were discriminated to significantly differentiate solar-term groups.Odor activity values(OAV)analysis found 14 compounds with OAV>1,while correlation analysis between volatiles and the outcomes of sensory evaluation displayed the various properties of Huangjiu on aroma and flavor due to the various combinations of volatiles,reducing sugar,acidity and amino nitrogen.After a national wine inspector evaluated and scored Huangjiu fermented in different solar terms,Huangjiu brewed in Winter Solstice exhibited the highest performance,with a score of 91.0,and praised as a kind of gold medal product.Conclusion:The methodology of this study can help to produce more types of appealing flavor and aroma of alcoholic beverages to consumers,build varietal Huangjiu or other alcoholic beverages through fermenting guidance by solar term,and even expand the applications of the traditional Chinese 24-solar term.
基金supported by fundings of Hangzhou’s Planned Program of Philosophical and Social Sciences (No. D11YY21)Research Achievement of Zhejiang Provincial Federation Social Sciences (No. 2012B007)
文摘1 Introduction In recent years, several international standardized traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） nomenclatures have been published, including the major ones A Proposed Standard International Acupuncture Nomenclature by World Health Organization （WHO） in 1991, International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region by WHO in the Western Pacific Region （WPRO） in 2007 and International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicinet31 by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （WFCMS） in 2007. However, an English translation of points applied in infant Tuina therapy is neither contained in any of these standardized nomenclatures,
