Intellectual Property Rights and Authentic Protection of Chinese Wolfberry in Xinjiang

This paper introduced the biological characteristics and medicinal value of medlar(Lycium chinense Miller).It studied Chinese wolfberry industry and its agricultural intellectual property resources in Xinjiang.In addition,it analyzed main problems such as the lag in the construction of authentic medicinal materials bases and insufficient deep processing of related products.Finally,it proposed eight recommendations including cultivating biological species with more medicinal value and creating an advantageous area of characteristic authentic medicinal materials.

Effect of Different Concentrations of Pesticide-Imidacloprid on the Main Secondary Metabolites of Fruit and Polysaccharide of Chinese Wolfberry

[Objective] The aim was to seek the appropriate utilization methods for imidacloprid pesticide in the production of Chinese wolfberry,as well as to provide scientific basis for the rational use of imidacloprid pesticide. [Method] The effect of different concentrations and spraying times of 10% WP of imidacloprid on the main secondary metabolites such as carotenoid and flavone,as well as the polysaccharide and total sugar content was studied in field. [Result] The effect of different concentrations of imidacloprid on the secondary metabolites and the content of polysaccharide of Chinese wolfberry was significant. After imidacloprid spraying,the contents of flavone,polysaccharide and total sugar on the 1st,7th and 14th d showed increasing trend,while the content of carotenoid showed decreasing trend. With the dilution times increasing,the content of the flavone,polysaccharide and total sugar showed increasing trend,while the content of carotenoid decreased,in which the highest content of the secondary metabolites and polysaccharide appeared in 1 800 times. [Conclusion] The dilution ratio of 1 800 times should be selected as the appropriate dosage of 10% WP of imidacloprid.

Study on the Preservation of Fresh Chinese Wolfberry Fruit at Room Temperature by Chitosan Coating

[Objective] The aim was to study the preservation of fresh Chinese wolfberry fruit via chitosan coating. [Method] Using Chinese wolfberry "Ningqi No. 1" as experimental material, the fresh fruits were coated by different concentrations of chitosan(0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.50% and 1.75%) at room temperature to study the changes in weight loss rate, rate of rotten fruits rot, soluble solid content and vitamin C(Vc) content. [Result] Of all the treatments, the fruits coated with 1.25% chitosan showed lowest rate of rotten fruit and weight loss rate, and highest Vc and soluble solid content, presenting the optimal fresh-keeping effect. [Conclusion] Chitosan coating is helpful for the preservation of fresh Chinese wolfberry fruit at room temperature.

Analysis on Chemical Compositions in Chinese Wolfberry from Different Producing Areas

[Objective] This study aimed to conduct correspondence cluster analysis of the trace elements in Chinese wolfberry from Qinghai and Ningxia regions, and to investigate the relationship among the quality of the wolfberry samples, the composition of trace elements and the sample sources. [Method] The determined contents of trace elements and ratios of zinc to copper （Zn/Cu） of wolfberry from 11 different producing areas of Qinghai and Ningxia regions were adopted to construct the raw measurement data matrix, to analyze the distribution characteristics of the trace ele- ments in wolfberry from Qinghai and Ningxia by using the corresponding cluster analysis method. [Result] The quality of wolfberry samples in 7hongning County, Zhongwei City, Pingluo County, Shizuishan City, Heicheng Town of Ningxia Hui Au-tonomous Region and Hehuang Valley, Golmud City of Qinghai Province is mainly related to the contents of Zn and Mn; Zn/Cu greatly affects the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Dulan County of Qinghai Province; Fe has great effect on the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Yinchuan City of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; Cu greatly affects the quality of Chinese wolfberry in Nuomuhong Village of Qinghai Province and a wolfberry research institute in Ningxia. [Conclusion] The relationship between the quality of wolfberry from different producing areas and the trace elements was investigated, which provides theoretical and practical basis for the cultivation, har- vesting, processing, and further development and utilization of Chinese wolfberry resources from different producing areas.

Physiological Response of Chinese Wolfberry Seedling to Na Cl Stress

[Objective] The present study was undertaken to understand the salt tolerance of Chinese wolfberry seedling and lay the foundation for the cultivation of Chinese wolfberry. [Method] Using the potted seedlings of Lycium ruthenicum and Lycium barbarum as test materials, water treatment in NaCI solution, The leaf cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde （MDA）, proline （Pro） and soluble sugar content of two varieties of Chinese wolfberry were measured by NaCI solution treatment, and their physiological responses were analyzed. [Result] NaCI had a significant effect on the physiological index of Chinese wolfberry, and the physiological indexes of the two varieties were consistent, but the degree of change was different. The cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde （MDA）, and proline （pro） content of Lycium chincnse cv. Heiqi 1 were first increasing and then decreasing , the cell membrane permeability and proline （pro） content in the 45^th day reached the highest, and the malondialdehyde （MDA） content in the 30th day reached the highest value, the soluble sugar content showed a downward trend. The cell membrane permeability of Lycium chincnse cv. Ningqi 7 increased, the malondialdehyde （MDA） content was first decreasing and then increasing, and at the 30^th day reached the highest value; proline （pro） and soluble sugar content were first increasing and then decreasing, and at the 45th day reached the highest value. [Conclusion] The Lycium chincnse Heiqi 1 and Lycium chincnse Ningqi 7 both had a positive physiological response model to different NaCI concentration treatment, but there were differences on the physiological response model to different NaCI treatment between the two cultivars, in which Lycium chincnse Heiqi 1 had better adaptability than Lycium chincnse Ningqi 7 had.

Mechanism and experimental study on the fruit detachment of Chinese wolfberry through reciprocating vibration

In order to realize the efficient and high-quality mechanical picking for Chinese wolfberry,firstly,the forced reciprocating vibration picking principle of the Chinese wolfberry branch was studied,and the mechanical model of vibration picking was established based on the simplified cantilever model,and the response analysis and solution of all positions for the branch were carried out.At the same time,the critical mechanical model of fruit detachment under the condition of fruit hanging on branches was established,and the theoretical values of inertia force for each component of the branch were obtained.Secondly,through actual measurement and finite element modeling,the natural frequency and forced vibration response simulation for each component of the branch of Chinese wolfberry terminal branch model were both studied,and the relationship between single-point periodic excitation force and high-quality fruit shedding parameters was obtained.Thirdly,according to the conclusion of the picking model,a test bench with many groups of adjustable parameters was built.Finally,the last branch of fruit-hanging Chinese wolf berry for Ningqi No.1 was taken as the experimental object,a four-level orthogonal experiment was designed with three factors:frequency,amplitude and entrance angle.Meanwhile,the net picking rate,damage rate and false picking rate were taken as the evaluating indicators,referring to the comprehensive scores of the three factors.It was concluded that the primary and secondary relations of factors affecting the picking effect are frequency,amplitude and entrance angle,and the best operation parameters are frequency of 20 Hz,amplitude of 15 mm,and entrance angle of 45°,then,a hand-held vibration picker with setting parameters was trial-produced,and the optimal parameter combination was verified in the Chinese wolfberry planting base of the National Chinese wolfberry Engineering and Technology Research Center.The results showed that the net picking rate of ripe Chinese wolfberry was 96.13%,the damage rate of fruit was 1.13%,and the false picking rate was 3.23%,mechanized picking efficiency was 30.28 kg/h,which is 6.65 times that of manual picking.The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.The research results can provide an important basis for the creation and operation standards of large-scale Chinese wolfberry vibration harvesting equipment.

Energy consumption mechanism simulation and experimental study of reciprocating vibration for Chinese wolfberry picking

In order to find out the matching principle of excitation force and energy consumption of reciprocating vibrating Chinese wolfberry picking device,the energy consumption mechanism of reciprocating vibrating Chinese wolfberry picking device is studied.According to the structural characteristics and operating principle of the picking device,the no-load and load movement and force characteristics of the crank bearing and vibrating component are analyzed,and the theoretical model of energy consumption of the reciprocating vibration picking device is jointly constructed,and the simulation analysis is carried out.The results show that the vibrating component and load mass have a significant influence on torque,the load air resistance phase has a significant effect on torque,and the load air resistance and friction coefficient have no significant influence on torque.Subsequently,by building an AC servo motor torque detection system and a torque sensing detection system,verification experiments are carried out,the maximum torque of the preset system is 1.3 N∙m,the rated power is 400 W,the motor frequency is 20 Hz,the amplitude is 15 mm,and the total mass of the vibrating component is 0.143 kg.Test results show that,the no-load operation,the change trend of detected torque is consistent with simulation,the torque model is verified to be accurate.The maximum torque of simulation and detection are 0.52 N∙m and 0.57 N∙m respectively,and the error between test and simulation is 9.6%.For load operation,the maximum torque of five groups of branch loads of 20 g,60 g,100 g,140 g,180 g and 220 g are detected to be 0.73 N∙m,0.74 N∙m,0.75 N∙m,0.82 N∙m and 0.83 N∙m,respectively,and the relationship model between load and torque is obtained by fitting.The research results can provide a theoretical basis which can configure a suitable motor in the reciprocating vibration Chinese wolfberry picking device with a certain load limit.

Effect of Rare Earth Elements on the Induction Frequency of the Somatic Cell Embryo in The Fruit of Chinese Wolfoerry

A part of lanthanides could raise the induction fraquency(IF) of the somatic cell embryo(SCE) in the fruit of Chinese wolfbeny. The effect of thorium and yttrium used for this purpose is not obvious and even plays a role of inhibition when they are used with a concentration of more than 4 ppm.When the combinations of different rare earth elements (RE) are used, the diversity of the effects amongthem is large. Some of them help to raise the iF of the SCE while the others inhibit the generation of SCE.The mischmetal results in the best effect, giving a relative IF of 295.4%.

Autonomous navigation for a wolfberry picking robot using visual cues and fuzzy control

Lycium barbarum commonly known as wolfberry or Goji is considered an important ingredient in Japanese,Korean,Vietnamese,and Chinese food and medicine.It is cultivated extensively in these countries and is usually harvested manually,which is laborintensive and tedious task.To improve the efficiency of harvesting and reduce manual labor,automatic harvesting technology has been investigated by many researchers in recent years.In this paper,an autonomous navigation algorithm using visual cues and fuzzy control is proposed for Wolfberry orchards.At first,we propose a new weightage(2.4B-0.9G-R)to convert a color image into a grayscale image for better identification of the trunk of Lycium barbarum,the minimum positive circumscribed rectangle is used to describe the contours.Then,using the contour points the least square method is used to fit the navigation line and a region of interest(ROI)is computed that improves the realtime accuracy of the system.Finally,a set of fuzzy controllers,for pneumatic steering system,is designed to achieve real-time autonomous navigation in wolfberry orchard.Static image experiments show that the average accuracy rate of the algorithm is above 90%,and the average time consumption is approximately 162 ms,with good robustness and real-time performance.The experimental results show that when the speed is 1 km/h,the maximum lateral deviation is less than 6.2 cm and the average lateral deviation is 2.9 cm,which meets the requirements of automatic picking of wolfberry picking robot in real-world environments.