Identifying the Cultural Shifts and Societal Changes That Facilitated the Rise in Box Office Performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema in the 21st Century

With the gradual improvement of Chinese women’s status in the 21st century,gender studies and gender relations have become one of the hottest topics in Chinese society,which consequently prompted Chinese Women’s Cinema to attract the attention of larger audiences.With regard to the box office performance of Chinese Women’s Cinema,there seems to be a gap in research in finding an association between women’s status and the relevant films’box office performance.The purpose of this research is to outline the underlying reasons for the changes in gender roles and gender representation in the Chinese film industry over the past few decades in order to better understand this expansive social change in the 21st century.This study provides a comprehensive analysis through the use of questionnaires to better understand society’s attitude towards gender representation within the film industry.The questionnaire findings indicate that there is a direct correlation between people’s awareness of women’s changing status and gender equality and their acceptance of materials produced by Chinese Women’s Cinema.At the some time,it highlights that the Chinese government’s support and initiatives for gender equality have had a significant impact on the general popularity of Chinese Women’s Cinema.The significance of this research is to effectively popularize Chinese Women’s Cinema culture and the box office growth by understanding the social attitude towards gender representation in the Chinese film industry and to provide relevant information about the development direction and trend of Chinese Women’s Cinema.Furthermore,this research aims to provide foundational support for gender equality and help to understand the underlying factors that society needs to promote gender equality.

Do Chinese Women Face Subtle Discrimination in Job Hiring?

Gender discrimination has long been the problem that exists in the entire world,including China.However,as more and more people are focusing on the general gender discrimination,the group recognized an extension of such discrimination-pregnancy discrimination in job hiring(the discrimination that women who are pregnant or have the inclination to pregnancy receive in hiring).The possible subtle pregnancy discrimination may be one of the main causes that lead to the declining fertility rate in China.The group decided to conduct an experiment to determine whether women are receiving more subtle discrimination in job hiring due to their identity as mother than men with children,men without children,and women without children.Using the form of questionary and resumes,the team found that Chinese women are indeed enduring subtle discrimination in work hiring.The experiment highlights the importance to promote further equality among women.However,there are some confounding variables,like the level of patient of the HR who reads the resume,affecting the ultimate result of the study.Keywords:gender discrimination,women’s career,Chinese job market,pregnancy discrimination,fertility rate in China.

A Historical Review of the Development of Women’s Higher Education in China (1908-2020): Stages, Explanations, and Trends

The development of women’s higher education in China can be divided into four stages:emergence(1908-1948);foundation(1949-1976);accelerating development(1977-2008);and the qualitative leap(2009-2020).This work considers the principal institutional mechanisms that contributed to this development.First,flexibly planned parenthood gradually promoted gender equality and openness in society facilitated by systematic“awards,grants,and loans”initiatives to support women’s higher education economically.Second,compulsory education ensured that left-out and migrant children had access to higher education.Third,effective connectivity across different education types bridged education gaps between those with different levels of education.Fourth,China made great efforts to invite and integrate international experiences that promoted the development of women’s higher education.Looking beyond these achievements,we also discuss the future trends of women’s higher education in China.

The Changing Role of Chinese Women in History--From the Dream of Red Mansions to the Moment in Peking

In the history of feudal society,women were suffering from the oppression and inequality in their family and status,and also strict restriction from the society.Their freedom was limited and they could not make full use of their wisdom,and abili ty.But the role of women did not stay the same during the feudal society.It had changed though the fundamental role remained the same.Here in this essay,it mainly talked about the changing role of Chinese in history,from the beginning of the Qing Dy nasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty.It collected information,and evidences from two books which were of great value to inves tigate women's role.They were Cao Xueqin's the Dream of Red Mansions and Lin Yutang's Moment in Peking.A great por tion of these two book's main characters were women,no matter what their social statuses were,no matter what roles they were playing in the big feudal family.Based on the result of analysis,the study suggests that women have been making progress all the time in changing their situation.And the development of economy has given women immense chances to achieve their self-actu alization.

A New Page for Women's Reproductive Health in Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

The integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine (ICWM) of obstetrics and gynecology (OBS/GYN) emerged eventually with more than 40 years’ hard struggle, and one of the most promising articles is the integration of the masterpieces of menstrual disorder and infertility in TCM and the virtual explosion of new knowledge and methods in

The Rise of China’s Women’s Basketball Team:An Exploration of Gender Equality in Professional Basketball

This article explores the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team in professional basketball and its relationship to gender equality issues.In view of the gender differences in salary,market value,social status,and other aspects,the article proposes a series of strategies to promote the realization of gender equality for female basketball players in professional basketball.This article points out that the rise of the Chinese women’s basketball team will lead the process of gender equality and lay the foundation for a more equitable and inclusive future.To achieve this goal,this article highlights the importance of improving the competitive level of female athletes,improving basic education,promoting basketball culture,and promoting gender equality.

Systematic evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson's disease

BACKGROUND：To evaluate the quality of the literature addressing traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease.DATA SOURCE：A computer-based online search of Chinese publications from January 2001 to July 2008 was conducted in Chinese Biology Medical Disc Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Search key words were Parkinson＇s disease, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, traditional Chinese medicine therapy, and Chinese herb therapy.DATA SELECTION：Articles describing randomized, controlled trials and quasi-randomized, controlled trials were included. Literature quality was assessed using the criteria-Systematic evaluation of clinical literature related to treatment of Parkinson＇s disease with traditional Chinese medicine. This included methodology, interventions in the treatment/control group, evaluation criterion of outcomes, and frequency.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES：Evaluation criterion of outcomes （various score methods and evaluation scales）, methodological quality, and frequency distribution were all measured.RESULTS：A total of 33 articles with randomized, controlled trials were included. Of these, six described a random method, and the remaining did not describe random allocation methods or random sequence generation methods. None of the studies estimated sample size. Case descriptions of withdrawal and loss to follow-up were unclear. Both the Unified Parkinson＇s Disease Rating Scale and Webster scale were used in the eligible studies as evaluation criteria.CONCLUSION：There are no high-quality studies that address traditional Chinese medicine therapy and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease in China. Eligible studies were not performed in accordance with Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement or Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture criteria, and the literature quality was low. The presently used criteria for evaluating therapeutic effects do not completely assess outcomes of traditional Chinese medicine for treating Parkinson＇s disease. The identification of precise outcomes should be verified using randomized, controlled studies with adequate controls and proper designs.

CHINESE LADY'S DAILY WEAR IN LATE QING DYNASTY AND EARLY REPUBLIC PERIOD

The goal of this research is to describe and analyze women’s wear in the late Qing Dynasty andearly Republic Period(late 19th c.—early 20th c.),with an emphasis on the daily informal orsemi-formal wear,though some formal or ceremonial costumes such as wedding dress will also beincluded.This study will use Chinese costumes and textiles from many museums to fill in theblanks left by previous research and to give a more detailed and accurate description.It will alsouse historical documents to find the original names of these items and to illustrate a general conceptof their usage on different occasions.The different categories of women’s wear will be described in the following order:①robes orcoats;②jackets;③waistcoats or vests;④skirts;⑤pants and leggings;⑥shoes and socks;⑦headdresses;and⑧others.Of every category,the textiles,decoration,cut,form,style,colourand motif will be discussed.The way in which these items were combined will also be discussed.The comparison between women’s wear and men’s wear,women’s and children’s informal andformal dress will be given.Here are some tentative conclusions.First,the Manchu and Han style coexisted and mixedwith each other and were worn by both Manchu and Han women.Second,the basic silhouettesand cuts were relatively stable and conventional,while the decorations and details(openings,fasten-ings,pleats,vents,collars and hemlines)were different.The former represented accepted socialstandards while the latter could be a matter of personal taste.Third,women’s wear in that periodwere highly stylized,miscellaneous,elaborate,detailed,multicolored and multi-thematic.

The Ethics of Touch in Women Travellers＇ First Encounters With Foreign Ethnicities

This paper compares 18th and 19th century travelogues written by women and men travelling the cultural contact zones of the empire, as well as fictional recreations of such first encounters. A juxtaposition of the writers＇ reaction to the dynamics of gazing and the ethics of touch yields surprising results. Many women travellers have no problem to acknowledge the reciprocity of the gaze, accepting, as a matter of course, that the objects of their ethnological interest will gaze at them in return. In comparison, male travellers often exhibit unease at becoming an object of appraisal and observation. Even more interestingly, male travellers often shy away from haptic contact with members of the indigenous population, whereas many （though not all） women are more tolerant of touch and proximity. Regarded as ＂unwomanly＂ by their contemporaries, they carved out for themselves roles which allowed for a more intimate interaction with foreign ethnicities; also, they wrote in different genres--private memoirs instead of official reports. But even in their （semi） fictional writings male authors seem to imagine inter-cultural encounters in different terms from women and tend not let their protagonists enter into close bodily contact with the indigenous population.

Women's Images in Chinese Literature Have Varied During Current Century

●In the early 20th century, awakening women who ran from their feudalistic families found that the male-dominated society, where men managed the exterior affairs and women managed the interior ones, was indestructible.

The Poison of Polygamy:Genre of the English Translation

When the Chinese-language The Poison of Polygamy was translated into English,some critics identified the work as picaresque.Skeptical of this conclusion,the author of this paper broadens the field of inquiry to suggest classification in an emigrant sensational genre.Briefly,the first two plots of the multi-strand work unfold the adventures of Chinese emigrants travelling by sea and land to Melbourne’s Gold Mountain.Interestingly,we are also afforded a glimpse of emigrant miners’cooperation regardless of race and colour when a mine disaster occurs.The work provides sharp recognition of migrants’dilemmas,such as marriage,before tackling the bigamy issue,the gender war,the fallen lifestyle of the female protagonist and so on.As the work unfolds,further shocking tales of murders and indulgence are revealed.Unlike the picareque’s episodic style,the translated Poison of Polygamy is coherent,realistic,serious and critical,and completely lacking in both sarcasm and playfulness.To investigate the appropriateness of assigning the work to the picaresque genre,the paper compares briefly with representative Spanish picaresque works such as Lazarillo and Gusman and English canonical Moll Flanders,watching carefully for commonalities.However,The Poison of Polygamy would seem to resonate more with Braddon’s Lady Audley’s Secret,a sensational fiction which shocked the English world in the 1860s.The contexts of both novels are close,mid-Victorian and Edwardian,where the latter is a continuation of the Victorians.The author is further enlightened by research results of literary translators who advocate that a text,once translated into a target language,becomes a canon of that culture and is cherished as such by its readers-as in the case of Shakespeare being revered as a German poet when read in translation.From this experiment the paper deems that cross-lingual comparative literature is not only possible but significant and resourceful.

中国女排与美国、巴西、土耳其、日本女排技战术分析

文章采用录像观察法、数理统计法、文献资料法和对比分析法,以2021年世界排球联赛中国女排与前4强队的4场比赛—对阵美国队、巴西队、土耳其队和日本队中各队的技战术为研究对象,分析中国队和其他队的技战术特征,找出中国队的优劣势,以期提高中国女排的竞技实力。结果显示:中国女排存在不同队员之间进攻实力参差不齐、拦网战术配合不够默契、比赛中部分队员心理起伏较大、接发球能力不足等问题。建议加强跳发飘球的基本功训练,提高各队员的扣球实力,加强对不到位球的处理,加强拦防战术配合,增加心理训练,发挥老队员的带动作用。

首届女篮世界杯中国队进攻能力RSR综合分析

文章采用文献资料法、录像观察法、RSR综合评价法、数理统计法对首届女篮世界杯中国队进攻指标数据进行统计分析,结果表明:球队进攻能力RSR排名与比赛名次高度正相关,相关系数R为0.889,显著性水平检验P<0.01,进攻能力RSR综合评价能够较准确地反映球队的整体进攻能力。中国队进攻RSR值为0.641,在全部16支参赛队中排名第6,整体进攻能力属于B级,是进攻能力较强的球队。中国队场均3分球命中率稍高于B级以上的其他7支球队,其他7项进攻指标均与对手差距较小,差异不显著(P>0.05)。篮下进攻是中国队最主要和最有效的阵地进攻得分手段,队员个人得分方式较单一,中距离投篮能力弱。中国女篮应优化各位置队员的进攻得分手段,提高中距离投篮的能力,培养心智水平高、技术扎实、有统帅力的优秀核心队员,有计划地与欧美各国强队比赛交流,丰富年轻队员比赛经验,提高心理适应性。

近年女作家短篇小说创作观察——基于《中国女性文学选》的阅读

自2019年起,女性文学研究学者张莉教授对当年度的中国女性文学优秀短篇小说进行选编,结集为《中国女性文学选》出版,每年一本。由研究者、出版界和创作者联动的这一文学行为,把当前散见的、自在的女性文学成果汇聚在一起,集中展现女作家近年来的创作实绩,让女作家的短篇小说创作以一种集体亮相的形式重回读者和批评界的观照视野,以形成更大的声势与影响。该文对2019年至2022年的《中国女性文学选》进行序列阅读,不仅可以清晰把握近年来女作家短篇小说的创作动态,还能深入了解当下中国女性的生存状况,并由此对相关问题进行反思和展望,期待女性文学以真正先锋的精神持续探索女性自我。

基于女性主义国际关系学的中国女性文学在西班牙的译介

中国女性文学在西班牙的译介反映了文学传播的政治、历史和社会现实。女性主义国际关系学解释了译介不仅是语言和文化传递,更是政治、历史和社会的映射。透过女性主义国际关系学的视角,系统解读中国女性文学在西班牙的译介历程,以政治历史为脉络,分析新中国成立以来的首部译作《一个女兵的自传》以及“9·11”事件之后的创伤书写与文学译介,试图为中国女性文学在西班牙的译介轨迹提供新的阐释,为中国文学走出去提供新的传播思路,为构建人类共同的文学价值观提供经验。

社会学视域下中国唯美主义文艺思潮的理论谱系及反思

唯美主义的核心口号是“为艺术而艺术”,其终极追求是在艺术的纯粹形式中获得审美解放。随着西学东渐,唯美主义传播到中国。这一理论思潮在观照中国问题的时候不得不与中国历史事实相结合而经历重新调校,其理论的生成、建构、实践、消解都与中国社会发生着千丝万缕的联系,从而形成中国的唯美主义文艺思潮。社会学视域的分析是认识中国唯美主义文艺思潮理论谱系的重要路径,有利于将中国唯美主义文艺思潮的理论谱系以澄明、敞开的状态呈现于历史面前,有利于丰富对中国唯美主义文艺思潮理论谱系理解的阐释维度。

A Brief Review of Feminism Campaign in America

Throughout American literary history,women have experienced more transition in their roles,as a result of changing social norms,than any other class.At first,both society and the literary circles preached that women should be dependent on men and remain in the home,in order to guarantee stability in the community and the family.As time passed and attitudes changed,women were beginning to be depicted as characters that were eager to break away from convention.However,the subject role of women was never improved during the turbulent feminism movement.

Women’s preconception health patterns in traditional Chinese medicine as a predictor of fertility outcomes

Objective: To examine the association between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), preconception health patterns and fertility outcomes.Methods: A community-based prospective cohort study was conducted in China. A total of 3012 newly married women who were willing to conceive within 2 years were enrolled in the study and took National Free Prepregnancy Checkups(NFPC). A reliably structured self-rating scale was used to measure the TCM preconception health patterns of the enrolled women. A 3-year follow-up was conducted to obtain the fertility outcomes, including pregnancy rate, time to pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage and newborn status. Statistical analyses were conducted using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, logistic regression models, general linear models and the Cox proportional hazard model.Results: The fertility outcomes showed no statistic correlations to the terms of NFPC in this population.Approximately a half of the women(46.66%) had unhealthy patterns. Women with qi & blood-deficiency(odds ratio [OR] = 35.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.55–801.15) or qi-stagnation(OR = 4.55, 95% CI =0.90–23.06) pattern took a longer time to get pregnant, and those with qi-stagnation(OR = 2.05, 95% CI =1.1–3.82) or yang-deficiency(OR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.12–3.25) pattern had a higher risk of spontaneous miscarriage.Conclusion: Three unhealthy TCM patterns during the preconception period might be risk factors for low fecundity or poor pregnancy outcomes. The TCM preconception pattern identification may provide a convenient and effective way to screen for potential pregnancy risks beyond the NFPC. Further, appropriate interventions based on the TCM preconception health patterns are needed to improve quality in women’s fecundability and birth outcomes.