N400 elicited by incongruent ending words of Chinese idioms in healthy adults

Background Prior research about N400 has been mainly based on English stimuli,while the cognitive.processing of Chinese characters is still unclear.The aim of the present study was to further investigate the semantic processing of Chinese idioms.Methods Event related potentials （ERP） component N400 was elicited by 38 pairs of matching （congruent） and mismatching （incongruent） ended Chinese idioms：ending words with same phoneme but different shape and meaning （sPdSdM）,with similar shape but different phoneme and meaning（sSdPdM）,with same meaning but different phoneme and shape（sMdPdS）,and words with different phoneme,shape and meaning（dPdSdM）and recorded by Guangzhou Runjie WJ-1 ERP instruments.In 62 right-handed healthy adults（age 19-50 years）,N400 amplitudes and latencies were compared between matching and mismatching conditions at Fz,Cz and Pz.Results N400 showed a midline distribution and could be elicited in electrodes Fz, Cz and Pz.The mean values of N400 latencies and amplitudes were obtained for matching and mismatching ending werds in healthy adults.Significant differences were found in N400 latencies and amplitudes in matching and mismatching ending-werds idioms in healthy adults（P〈0.05）.Compared with matching ending-werds jdioms, N400 latencies were prolonged and the amplitudes were increased in mismatching ones.N400s elicited by different types of stimuli showed different latencies and amplitudes.and longest N400 latency and largest N400 amplitude were elicited by ending-werds with dPdSdM.No gender difference was found of N400 latency and amplitude in this study （P〉0.05）.Conclusions Compared with English stimuli.Chinese ideographic words could provide more flexible stimuli for N400 research in that the werds have 3-dimension changes-phoneme.shape and meaning.Features of N400 elicited by matching and mismatching ending words in Chinese idioms are mainly determined by the meaning of the werd.Some issues of N400 elicited by Chinese characters deserve further research.

正常人汉语句子事件相关电位N_(400)的研究

目的研究汉语句子结尾词匹配与不匹配事件相关电位N400的变化,探讨正常人汉语句子N400的特征.方法对15名21～36岁右利手健康受试者,进行汉语正常句子结尾匹配词(匹配)与句子结尾歧义词(不匹配)N400的研究.结果受试者对句子结尾词匹配与不匹配的N400成分在潜伏期及波幅有显著性差异(P<0.05),句子不匹配结尾词的N400潜伏期较长,N400波幅高.N400广泛分布于脑部各区,左侧波幅偏高.结论汉语句子结尾字匹配与不匹配的N400与字词认知中的语义密切相关,可作为一个有临床价值的认知电位而用于临床多种伴有语言障碍疾病的评估.

汉语词尾“—化”之派生词的英译

汉语词尾"—化"之派生词可根据不同语境而采用不同的译法译为英语。这里所说的译法总体分为直译和意译。直译是将汉语词尾"—化"的派生词译为带前缀"en-"或带后缀"-ate","-en","-fy"和"ize"的英语派生词。而意译则是将带其译为不带显性英语动词派生词缀的英语单词、短语或句子。

汉语方言句末助词“在”的类型学考察及历时探源

从类型学的角度对汉语方言句末助词“在”的意义及分布类型作出概括,认为它兼有表示动作进行或状态持续的时体意义以及肯定的语气意义。同时,联系中古及近代汉语,对其来源进行分析,认为它是由存在动词“在”虚化而来。

《金瓶梅词话》的“然”尾词

"然"作为形容词和副词的后缀,起源于古代汉语。《金瓶梅词话》的"然"尾词反映了明代中叶该类词的全貌:涵盖词类——形容词、副词、连词;根词种类——形容词、副词,还有名词、代词和动词,副词有普通副词、时间副词、肯定副词和否定副词等;口语词渐多。在汉语语法史上承前启后的作用非常明显。

官话方言见晓组三等字声母腭化的例外现象试释

在今天多数官话方言中,中古见晓组二、三、四等字的声母因为受到介音 i 的影响大都发生了腭化,但止蟹摄合口三等字、宕摄合口三等字、通摄合口三等字的声母依然保持中古的[舌体][+后]辅音声母 k、k^h、 x。通过官话方言与个别吴语比较认为导致这种例外现象产生的原因在于这几摄字介音与韵尾的相互影响。

汉译名词尾辅音的音节化

外国和其他民族人地名被译为汉语时,在语音形式上一般要汉语音节化,维、哈语人地名音节尾或词尾辅音音节化的规律及音节化后汉译也有这些的特点。这一问题的研究,对正确译写维、哈语人地名有一定的指导作用。

健康成人汉语成语尾字识别的事件相关脑电位N400研究

目的研究汉语成语尾字匹配与非匹配事件相关脑电位（ERP）N400的变化，探讨其认知模式以及汉字认知加工特点。方法应用国产WJ-1型ERP仪，对62名19～50岁健康成人右利手受试者，进行汉语成语正常结尾字（匹配）与汉语成语结尾歧义字（非匹配）N400检测，比较两种情况下N400波形、潜伏期和波幅，并测试实验结果的稳定性，观察性别对结果的影响。结果①N400基本波型分布于Fz、cz和Pz等各脑区。②健康成人尾字匹配和非匹配组的N400潜伏期和波幅差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05～0．01），非匹配组的N400较匹配组的N400潜伏期长、波幅高。③N400的潜伏期及波幅随刺激类型不同而变化，主要表现为异音异形异义组潜伏期最长和波幅最大。结论汉语与西文相比词的变化更多，包括音、形、义的不同搭配使N400研究更复杂。汉语成语尾字匹配和非匹配的N400与字词认知中的语义有关。