An Empirical Study on Chinese City Network Pattern Based on Producer Services

Globalization and informatization have accelerated city networking process over the world, which makes research on city network a hot topic in the fields of urban geography and economic geography. With Chinese economic structure adjustment and city economic growth, producer services have begun to play an increasingly important role in city-region networking. This paper employs the methodology of world city network to analyze and explain the spatial development characteristics of China's urban network system based on the data of nationwide producer services enterprise network. The research result indicated that the distribution of producer services network has a positive effect on the development of Chinese city networks. City network connectivity is closely related to the significance of city in producer services development, and the former will gradually decline with the drop of the latter. Accordingly, the 64 cities can be divided into the national central cities, regional central cities, sub-regional central cities and local central cities in accordance with their position and role in the nationwide producer services network. It is concluded that high-grade cities with quality producer services dominate the pattern of Chinese city networks and there emerges three spatial agglomerations of producer services enterprises in Changjiang (Yangtze) River Delta, Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Economical Region. Moreover, the distribution of different producer services industry varies from city to city, which also affects the characteristics of network development.

Producing Podcasts in a Chinese Classroom: A Digital Humanities Project

This action research which situates itself in the context of Digital Humanities focuses on engaging students of Introductory Chinese course with an assignment to create podcasts in the form of an interview.Requiring students to integrate the aural,oral,and textural information via technology so as to carry a conversation with an interlocutor challenges them to convey their thoughts from the language they think in into meaningful ideas using the target language.In this way,students are“pushed”to convert their listening,speaking,and writing from being isolated components into a more dynamic and cohesive mode of communicating.As they explore expressing their ideas in the language they are learning,they develop the skills and sensibility needed to critically analyze their own work.Although limited in scale,the podcast format urges students to transform what they need to learn into a familiar product.

Chinese Enterprises’ Oil and Gas Cooperation in the Belt and Road Initiative

This paper reviews the history of cooperation in overseas oil and gas among Chinese oil companies and selects two indicators of production and initial planned investment to systematically review and analyze in depth the overseas cooperation process of Chinese oil companies.Based on the analysis of produced quantities (entitlement),it summarizes the current situation,scale and pattern of Chinese enterprises'overseas business. Based on the analysis of the initial planned investment,it summarizes the five stages in the development of overseas cooperation and the development characteristics of each stage.

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.

浓香型白酒发酵体系中己酸菌的研究进展

浓香型白酒发酵体系中己酸生成菌(以下简称“己酸菌”)的己酸合成代谢对提高浓香型白酒的发酵质量非常重要。因此,有必要深入全面了解浓香型白酒发酵体系中己酸菌的种类及其己酸合成代谢特征。本综述介绍了目前浓香型白酒发酵体系中已经分离的己酸菌株的种类多样性、系统进化关系、生理代谢特征、己酸合成代谢机制以及其与己酸菌、非己酸菌之间的协同代谢关系。本文可为理解己酸菌群在浓香型白酒发酵体系中的原位己酸合成代谢规律提供参考,为将来靶向提高己酸菌群在浓香型白酒发酵和生物质转化高附加值己酸工艺中进行己酸合成培养工程的应用提供理论依据。

中华体育精神的空间传承与创新——从列斐伏尔的空间生产理论看北京2022年冬奥会

中华体育精神是中华民族在长期体育实践中形成和积淀的优秀精神文化,为实现体育强国和中华民族伟大复兴提供价值引领。运用文献资料调研和逻辑分析研究方法,以列斐伏尔的空间生产理论为理论框架,以北京2022年冬奥会为研究对象,从空间实践、空间表征和表征的空间3个维度,分析北京2022年冬奥会空间生产与中华体育精神传承创新的关系。北京2022年冬奥会空间生产既是北京2022年冬奥会空间的物质化、概念化和感性化的过程,又是北京2022年冬奥会空间的生产者和消费者互动、协商的过程。北京2022年冬奥会空间生产与中华体育精神有着密切关系,既是中华体育精神的具体体现、有效传播和创新发展,又助力实现体育强国和中华民族伟大复兴。

Plant Tissue Culture and Biosynthesis Provide a Fast Way to Produce Active Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicines

The plant kingdom has provided literally thousands of natural products with widely diverse chemical structures and a vast array of biological activities.Many of them have seen subsequent application in discovery of new druids and the pharmaceutical industry and clinical therapeutic application.

吴性栽戏曲经营活动初探

通过考察吴性栽投资剧院、打造明星、组织演出等多层面的戏曲经营活动,可以发现,作为管理者吴氏已形成比较系统的戏曲生产与管理理念,对周信芳孤岛时期“翻红”和战后“程梅对打”等戏曲史事件产生了关键性影响。这种影响甚至进一步体现在彼时戏曲电影的生成模式和主要形态中。以吴性栽为代表的“非艺术生产者”对艺术生产的影响不可忽视,对戏曲艺术及戏曲电影的研究均可由此另辟思路。

成都白酒产区重构研究

四川白酒不仅是四川省“5+1”现代产业体系规划中五大支柱产业的16个重点领域之一,同时从年产量及营销情况来看也是中国白酒行业发展的中流砥柱。明晰川酒发展路径,大力推动川酒产业转型升级是当前重点研究课题。分析了四川白酒产业整体发展现状以及成都市作为核心城市对推动四川白酒产业高质量发展所具备的各项优势,在此基础上提出成都白酒产区重构的研究成果,建议在成都打造中国白酒营销中心、中国白酒体验经济集聚区、中国白酒策划创意及包装设计生产中心、中国白酒金融孵化中心、世界酒文化创新交流中心、中国白酒总部基地、中国白酒科研基地,供探讨。

不同产地花椒主要营养成分的比较研究

对主产区花椒主要营养成分的测定结果表明,醇溶抽提物含量较高的有秦安、凤县、汉源、韩城和茂县,分别为276.9、253.8、252.7、250.2和247.1 g/kg;不挥发性乙醚抽提物含量较高的有韩城、芮城、凤县、武都和秦安,分别为131.5、130.2、123.5、122.2和115.5 g/kg;挥发油含量较高的有凤县、芮城、武都、太白和茂县,分别为52.0、48.0、40.0、37.0和37.0 g/kg;蛋白质含量较高的有韩城、芮城、凤县、秦安和汶川,分别为130.6、126.4、122.0、113.2和106.2 g/kg。在矿质元素中,钙含量以茂县、芮城、凤县、秦安、武都的较为丰富,磷以凤县、芮城、秦安、茂县、韩城的较为丰富,铁以茂县、芮城、凤县、陈仓的较高。

基于HPLC-ECD法与聚类分析的中国白酒品质鉴别

白酒中的活性物质影响人的味觉,是感官品评的重要指标之一,库仑阵列高效液相色谱法能够检测白酒中电化学活性物质。建立了我国白酒的HPLC-ECD检测方法,在最优色谱条件下,8通道能采集固态法白酒中102个信息峰,各物质得到了很好的分离,精密度、稳定性高;样品无需前处理,检测到的物质无需定性、定量分析,简便快捷、成本低。使用该方法对固态法白酒与酒精勾兑白酒进行分析,发现能够检测到白酒中多种活性物质,指纹图谱信息丰富,两种白酒谱图差异明显。同时,运用聚类分析对检测数据处理,能实现准确区分固态法白酒与酒精勾兑白酒。运用该方法进一步分析不同勾兑比例的固液法白酒,聚类结果与实际相符,白酒样品被准确分为4类:固态法白酒体积分数分别为10%、15%、75%和100%。该方法可以有效应用于白酒分类鉴定。

我国制干枣优生区研究

通过比较研究,初步确定了我国优良制干枣品种76个,优良制干枣产区21个,集中分布在我国北方的新疆、甘肃、宁夏、陕西、山西、河南、河北、山东、辽宁等9个省区。研究提出了我国制干枣优生区的划分标准,包括年度因子标准和花果期因子标准2个方面的内容,前者包括年平均温度、年降雨量、≥10℃的积温、无霜期、7月份气温、纬度,决定着优生区的地位;后者包括花期温度、湿度、降雨量,以及幼果生长期和脆熟采收期的降雨量5个指标。影响着红枣优质丰产的水平。

道地药材的产地适宜性研究

对道地药材产地适宜性研究背景及依据进行了初步探讨,分析了当前状况下并存的主要研究方法及其在道地药材产地适宜性研究中的应用及进展,并在此基础上对我国今后道地药材产地适宜性研究的方向和策略进行了建议和展望,以期为道地药材产地适宜性研究提供科学和正确的思路,对今后的生产和实践具有较好的指导意义。

抗热应激中草药添加剂(夏安散)对奶牛产奶量和血液生化指标的影响

选择30头泌乳奶牛,根据胎次相同、泌乳日相似、上胎产奶量相近、健康无病等因素采用随机区组设计分成2组:试验组(饲料中添加中草药方剂200 g/(d.头),分2次饲喂)和对照组,试验期45 d,探讨中草药添加剂对奶牛产奶量及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:添加中草药方剂的奶牛在试验期间每头牛的日产奶量比对照组提高18.89%(P<0.01),停药后2个月比对照组提高21.42%(P<0.01);对乳糖、乳脂、乳蛋白没有显著影响(P>0.05);红细胞总数、血红蛋白含量比对照组分别提高10%、16%(P<0.05);血清钾、钙离子升高27.45%和11.26%(P<0.01);血清总蛋白、球蛋白比试验前升高3.38%和10.26%(P<0.05)。

角倍单宁酸和没食子酸含量的比较及影响因子分析

采用皮粉法和高效液相色谱法分别测定了我国五倍子主产区14个产地角倍的单宁酸和没食子酸含量,分析角倍单宁酸和没食子酸含量与倍子性状及环境因子间的相关性。结果表明:14个产地角倍的单宁酸含量为61.59%68.30%,平均含量64.49%;没食子酸含量为70.35%77.61%,平均含量73.92%;倍壁厚度为1.552.01 mm,倍子密度为0.16 0.33 g.mL-1。方差分析表明不同产地角倍的单宁酸含量、没食子酸含量、倍壁厚度和倍子密度差异显著。相关分析结果:单宁酸含量与没食子酸含量呈显著正相关,单宁酸和没食子酸含量分别与4—8月的月均温呈显著负相关,而与倍壁厚度、倍子密度及经纬度、海拔、湿度等环境因子相关性不显著,表明温度是影响倍子质量的主要环境因子。聚类分析将14个产地的角倍分为3类,分别代表了优良、中等和一般的类群。

基于TXRF法的欧李果肉中营养元素特征分析

采用全反射X射线荧光分析法,研究10份欧李种质果肉中10种营养元素(P、S、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、Rb、Sr)特征,以及产地对京欧2号品种果肉中营养元素含量的影响。结果表明:欧李果肉中富含营养元素,特别是Ca含量较高,其中CH种质果肉中Ca含量最高(441.1 mg/kg,以鲜质量计);不同种质欧李果肉中营养元素含量差异较大,其中S、Fe、Ca和Sr含量在种质间差异的变异系数大于30%;主成分分析表明,P、S、K、Rb、Ca、Sr是欧李的特征元素;产地对欧李中营养元素影响较大,其中河北张北所产欧李营养元素含量更为丰富。

中药材产地加工与中药饮片炮制一体化的探讨

目的:探讨中药材产地加工与中药饮片炮制一体化的可行性。方法:分析中药材产地加工和中药炮制在产生发展阶段、现阶段以及发展趋势三个阶段的状况,阐述二者之间的关系。结果:中药材产地加工和中药饮片炮制关系密切。结论:中药材产地加工与中药饮片炮制一体化具有一定的可行性。

创伤性骨折患者氧化应激指标变化及中医治疗效果研究

目的探讨创伤性骨折后患者超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、血浆纤维蛋白原定量(Fib)、活化部分凝血酶时间(APTT)水平的变化及复元活血汤的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析100例骨折患者(骨折组)及100例健康志愿者(对照组)的临床资料,比较其SOD、MDA、Fib、APTT的变化。骨折患者中50例给予复元活血汤联合常规治疗(中医治疗组),另外50例患者仅给予常规治疗(常规治疗组),比较两组患者治疗后SOD、MDA、Fib、APTT水平的变化,并对两组患者的骨痂形成时间、软组织修复时间、自觉疼痛完全缓解时间、骨折愈合时间以及治疗后生活质量进行比较。结果骨折组和对照组APTT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);骨折组SOD水平明显低于对照组,MDA及Fib水平则明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中医治疗组和常规治疗组APTT差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中医治疗组患者SOD水平明显高于常规治疗组,MDA及Fib水平则明显低于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P>0.05)。中医治疗组骨痂形成时间、软组织修复时间、自觉疼痛缓解时间及骨折愈合时间均明显短于常规治疗组,中医治疗组患者在生理健康水平、心理健康水平及独立能力方面的得分均明显高于常规治疗组,但两组患者的社会支持得分未见显著性差异。结论创伤性骨折可引起机体应激反应,患者SOD水平明显降低,MDA及Fib水平则明显升高。中医治疗有助于改善凝血功能,修复软组织,促进骨痂生成,加快骨折愈合,改善患者生活质量。

清香型白酒优质产酯酵母菌筛选

为了提高清香型白酒的品质,以清香型发酵酒醅为筛选源,高产酯酵母Picha anomala CICC 1790,采用变色圈平板初筛,发酵力复筛,并结合乙酸乙酯生成能力测定及风味代谢物质分析,筛选出两株适合清香型白酒酿造,高产乙酸乙酯和乙酸菌株Ac-47和Ac-19,经鉴定均为Picha anomala。

经济服务化的中国悖论与中国推进经济服务化的战略选择

经济服务化是世界经济发展、转型和升级的一般趋势,然而,在中国却存在一定的悖论:服务业不仅占GDP的比重低,而且也远未成为国民经济的主导产业。除了统计方面的原因外,中国生产者服务的内部供给现象严重,而外部化、专业化发展不足则是其中的重要原因。中国所处的经济发展阶段和以工业为基础的产业结构,决定了经济服务化的战略重点只能选择生产者服务业。鉴于服务业经验品特征明显、其发展对制度敏感等特点,中国需要从市场制度和环境建设等方面着手,促进生产者服务的外部化、专业化发展;同时,要立足于制造业大国的现有基础,通过生产者服务与制造业互动发展的途径,加快经济服务化进程。