Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, both of which are mammals of the order Chiroptera, Desmodontidae family, their diet consisting exclusively of blood. D. rotundus is the main vector and transmitter of the rabie...Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, both of which are mammals of the order Chiroptera, Desmodontidae family, their diet consisting exclusively of blood. D. rotundus is the main vector and transmitter of the rabies virus, which affects human beings as well as several livestock species so the study of this bat species is of high importance within the fields of animal agriculture and public health. The present study describes and compares the histologic characteristics of the urinary system of two hematophagous bat species. A total of 5 bats from each species were captured in the municipalities of Progreso de Obregón, Hidalgo (D. rotundus), and Huayacocotla, Veracruz (D. ecaudata). Organs belonging to the urinary system were extracted: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra;samples were fixed using 10% formalin and processed by the paraffin embedding technique, obtaining sections of 5 µm thickness, which in turn were stained using hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Gomori trichrome (GT) stains. From the obtained histologic preparations, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the structural organography of the urinary system of both species was made, and no noteworthy histological differences between samples were noted. The present research is intended to provide a framework for future studies of these species’ currently understudied microscopic anatomy.展开更多
Cloud computing plays a significant role in Information Technology(IT)industry to deliver scalable resources as a service.One of the most important factor to increase the performance of the cloud server is maximizing t...Cloud computing plays a significant role in Information Technology(IT)industry to deliver scalable resources as a service.One of the most important factor to increase the performance of the cloud server is maximizing the resource utilization in task scheduling.The main advantage of this scheduling is to max-imize the performance and minimize the time loss.Various researchers examined numerous scheduling methods to achieve Quality of Service(QoS)and to reduce execution time.However,it had disadvantages in terms of low throughput and high response time.Hence,this study aimed to schedule the task efficiently and to eliminate the faults in scheduling the tasks to the Virtual Machines(VMs).For this purpose,the research proposed novel Particle Swarm Optimization-Bandwidth Aware divisible Task(PSO-BATS)scheduling with Multi-Layered Regression Host Employment(MLRHE)to sort out the issues of task scheduling and ease the scheduling operation by load balancing.The proposed efficient sche-duling provides benefits to both cloud users and servers.The performance evalua-tion is undertaken with respect to cost,Performance Improvement Rate(PIR)and makespan which revealed the efficiency of the proposed method.Additionally,comparative analysis is undertaken which confirmed the performance of the intro-duced system than conventional system for scheduling tasks with highflexibility.展开更多
Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monito...Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monitoring of bats along a habitat modification gradient on the island of Okinawa,Japan.During the observation period,the island experienced numerous typhoons and one supertyphoon.Native bat species remained active even at high wind speeds(up to 30 m/s in some cases).Milder typhoons had no observable effect on bat populations,with activity levels fully recovering within a few hours or days.The super typhoon also did not seem to affect bats in fully or partially forested habitats but caused their local disappearance at the urban site,which they have not re-colonized three years after the event.Notably,bats that disappeared at the urban site were species roosting in well-protected places such as caves and concrete structures.In all cases,the biomass of small flying insects and the acoustic activity of insects recovered within days after extreme weather events.Thus,the striking difference between habitats in supertyphoon effects on bats cannot be explained by the super typhoon directly killing bats,destroying their roosting sites,or decreasing the abundance of their prey.The results underscore the importance of preserving natural habitats in areas particularly affected by changing climate and show that the survival of species and ecosystems during the numerous episodes of climate change in the Earth’s history does not necessarily mean their ability to survive the accelerating climate change of our time.展开更多
针对高维网络数据存在大量冗余和不相关的特征导致入侵检测准确率低的问题,提出了一种改进的多因子优化蝙蝠算法(IMFBA)用于数据特征选择,筛选出具有最大信息量的特征子集,提高网络入侵检测精度。首先,在多因子优化框架下设计全局特征...针对高维网络数据存在大量冗余和不相关的特征导致入侵检测准确率低的问题,提出了一种改进的多因子优化蝙蝠算法(IMFBA)用于数据特征选择,筛选出具有最大信息量的特征子集,提高网络入侵检测精度。首先,在多因子优化框架下设计全局特征选择任务和局部特征选择任务,并通过基于蝙蝠算法所设计的选型交配和垂直文化传播算子实现不同任务间的信息共享,从而帮助全局特征选择任务更快锁定最优解空间,提高算法收敛速度和稳定性。其次,通过将反向学习策略和差分进化引入蝙蝠算法,重新设计算法初始解选择阶段及个体更新过程,弥补其缺少突变机制的不足,增强解的多样性,帮助算法摆脱局部最优。最后,提出一种自适应参数调整策略,根据潜在最优解质量决定其指导个体更新的权重,避免在多任务特征选择过程中出现知识负迁移现象,实现全局搜索与局部开发之间的平衡。实验结果表明:IMFBA所选特征子集对网络入侵数据集KDD CUP 99和NSL-KDD分类结果的准确率分别为95.37%和85.14%,相较于完整特征集提升了3.01百分点和9.78百分点。IMFBA算法能选择更高质量特征子集并提升网络入侵检测准确率。展开更多
Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the...Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.展开更多
文摘Desmodus rotundus and Diphylla ecaudata, both of which are mammals of the order Chiroptera, Desmodontidae family, their diet consisting exclusively of blood. D. rotundus is the main vector and transmitter of the rabies virus, which affects human beings as well as several livestock species so the study of this bat species is of high importance within the fields of animal agriculture and public health. The present study describes and compares the histologic characteristics of the urinary system of two hematophagous bat species. A total of 5 bats from each species were captured in the municipalities of Progreso de Obregón, Hidalgo (D. rotundus), and Huayacocotla, Veracruz (D. ecaudata). Organs belonging to the urinary system were extracted: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra;samples were fixed using 10% formalin and processed by the paraffin embedding technique, obtaining sections of 5 µm thickness, which in turn were stained using hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) and Gomori trichrome (GT) stains. From the obtained histologic preparations, a descriptive and comparative analysis of the structural organography of the urinary system of both species was made, and no noteworthy histological differences between samples were noted. The present research is intended to provide a framework for future studies of these species’ currently understudied microscopic anatomy.
文摘Cloud computing plays a significant role in Information Technology(IT)industry to deliver scalable resources as a service.One of the most important factor to increase the performance of the cloud server is maximizing the resource utilization in task scheduling.The main advantage of this scheduling is to max-imize the performance and minimize the time loss.Various researchers examined numerous scheduling methods to achieve Quality of Service(QoS)and to reduce execution time.However,it had disadvantages in terms of low throughput and high response time.Hence,this study aimed to schedule the task efficiently and to eliminate the faults in scheduling the tasks to the Virtual Machines(VMs).For this purpose,the research proposed novel Particle Swarm Optimization-Bandwidth Aware divisible Task(PSO-BATS)scheduling with Multi-Layered Regression Host Employment(MLRHE)to sort out the issues of task scheduling and ease the scheduling operation by load balancing.The proposed efficient sche-duling provides benefits to both cloud users and servers.The performance evalua-tion is undertaken with respect to cost,Performance Improvement Rate(PIR)and makespan which revealed the efficiency of the proposed method.Additionally,comparative analysis is undertaken which confirmed the performance of the intro-duced system than conventional system for scheduling tasks with highflexibility.
文摘Two major human-caused threats to ecosystems are habitat modification and the increasing frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.To study the combined effect of these threats,the authors used acoustic monitoring of bats along a habitat modification gradient on the island of Okinawa,Japan.During the observation period,the island experienced numerous typhoons and one supertyphoon.Native bat species remained active even at high wind speeds(up to 30 m/s in some cases).Milder typhoons had no observable effect on bat populations,with activity levels fully recovering within a few hours or days.The super typhoon also did not seem to affect bats in fully or partially forested habitats but caused their local disappearance at the urban site,which they have not re-colonized three years after the event.Notably,bats that disappeared at the urban site were species roosting in well-protected places such as caves and concrete structures.In all cases,the biomass of small flying insects and the acoustic activity of insects recovered within days after extreme weather events.Thus,the striking difference between habitats in supertyphoon effects on bats cannot be explained by the super typhoon directly killing bats,destroying their roosting sites,or decreasing the abundance of their prey.The results underscore the importance of preserving natural habitats in areas particularly affected by changing climate and show that the survival of species and ecosystems during the numerous episodes of climate change in the Earth’s history does not necessarily mean their ability to survive the accelerating climate change of our time.
文摘针对高维网络数据存在大量冗余和不相关的特征导致入侵检测准确率低的问题,提出了一种改进的多因子优化蝙蝠算法(IMFBA)用于数据特征选择,筛选出具有最大信息量的特征子集,提高网络入侵检测精度。首先,在多因子优化框架下设计全局特征选择任务和局部特征选择任务,并通过基于蝙蝠算法所设计的选型交配和垂直文化传播算子实现不同任务间的信息共享,从而帮助全局特征选择任务更快锁定最优解空间,提高算法收敛速度和稳定性。其次,通过将反向学习策略和差分进化引入蝙蝠算法,重新设计算法初始解选择阶段及个体更新过程,弥补其缺少突变机制的不足,增强解的多样性,帮助算法摆脱局部最优。最后,提出一种自适应参数调整策略,根据潜在最优解质量决定其指导个体更新的权重,避免在多任务特征选择过程中出现知识负迁移现象,实现全局搜索与局部开发之间的平衡。实验结果表明:IMFBA所选特征子集对网络入侵数据集KDD CUP 99和NSL-KDD分类结果的准确率分别为95.37%和85.14%,相较于完整特征集提升了3.01百分点和9.78百分点。IMFBA算法能选择更高质量特征子集并提升网络入侵检测准确率。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30770293)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2005DKA21502)
文摘Comparing to its sister-family （Rhinolophidae）, Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them （Aselliscus stoliczkanus）. G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.
