This paper took Chishui River Basin as the research object,and pointed out that its culture,which reflected local life and production and was featured with regional characteristics as well as abundant cultural connota...This paper took Chishui River Basin as the research object,and pointed out that its culture,which reflected local life and production and was featured with regional characteristics as well as abundant cultural connotation,was constituted by native natural and cultural geography,folk customs and historical feature.The relation between Chishui salt path and salt business culture under the typical closed and half-closed geographical environment was analyzed to indicate that the realignment of Chishui River had brought prosperity of Chishui River,booming of commercial towns,and development of ancient architectures and guild hall culture.The relation between rich natural resources and production and life culture of Chishui River was explained to show that Danxia landform nurtured stone culture,Chishui River resources cultivated fishing culture,special hydrogeological environment fostered liquor culture represented by Maotai,and Bamboo culture accumulated for hundreds of years.Finally,it introduced military culture and the spirit of the Long March forming based on the special location of Chishui River.It emphasized that geological environment was the important basis for human's survival and played an immeasurable role in the cultural development of a region.展开更多
Background To rehabilitate the depleted fish resources of the Yangtze River Basin,China,a 10-year fishing ban has been implemented.This national initiative has attracted worldwide attention.The present study aimed to ...Background To rehabilitate the depleted fish resources of the Yangtze River Basin,China,a 10-year fishing ban has been implemented.This national initiative has attracted worldwide attention.The present study aimed to explore the ecological process and recovery effectiveness of this complete fishing ban in the Chishui River,the first river where the fishing ban was enacted in the Yangtze River Basin.Changes in fish resources were analyzed based on investigations conducted 5 years before(2012–2016)and 5 years after(2017–2021)the implementation of the fish-ing ban in four reaches along the longitudinal gradient.Results A total of 140 fish species,including 127 native and 13 exotic species,were collected during the study period.The number of fish species as well as the diversity indices showed no significant temporal changes.However,11 native species that had disappeared for many years appeared again after the fishing ban.The occurrence rates of some key protected species,Procypris rabaudi,Acipenser dabryanus,Euchiloglanis davidi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus,increased after the fishing ban,while Coreius guichenoti,Percocypris pingi,Onychostoma angustistomata and Leptobotia rubrilabris showed no obvious recovery.The fish assemblage structure in nearly all reaches(except the headwater)showed significant temporal changes with an increase in the relative abundance of larger body-sized species.The population structure of most dominant species improved greatly with the mean standard length and the mean body weight as well as the proportion of larger-sized individuals clearly increasing.In addition,the density of fishes changed dramatically with the catch per unit effort(CPUE)increasing by 140–210%for different study reaches.Conclusions The present study confirmed that the complete fishing closure is an effective measure to facilitate fish resources recovery.These results provide valuable references for evaluating the effectiveness of the 10-year fishing ban policy in the entire Yangtze River.展开更多
赤水河是长江上游一级支流,生境类型复杂多样,在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类资源保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用.为了解赤水河健康状况,本研究于2020年5月和9月,在赤水河干流和重要一级支流31个点位开展鱼类调查,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Simp...赤水河是长江上游一级支流,生境类型复杂多样,在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类资源保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用.为了解赤水河健康状况,本研究于2020年5月和9月,在赤水河干流和重要一级支流31个点位开展鱼类调查,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数评价鱼类多样性,构建了F-IBI(fish-based index of biotic integrity)指数评价赤水河健康状况.此次调查共采集6288尾,隶属于4目10科26属90种;鱼类Shannon-Wiener指数范围为0.21~2.87,平均值为1.48±0.46;Simpson指数范围为0.08~0.91,平均值为0.69±0.14;Pielou指数范围为0.13~0.97,平均值为0.76±0.13.上游至下游Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均呈现逐渐升高的变化规律.构建了包含物种总数、鲤形目个体数%、鮈亚科个体数%、鲌亚科个体数%等10个指标在内的F-IBI核心指标体系,采用比值法计算各点位F-IBI值,根据F-IBI值将流域健康状况划分为“健康”(F-IBI≥5.99)、“亚健康”(4.49≤F-IBI<5.99)、“一般”(2.99≤F-IBI<4.49)、“较差”(1.50≤F-IBI<2.99)和“极差”(F-IBI<1.50)5个等级.评价结果显示,所调查点位整体为健康状态,20个点位显示健康状态,5个点位显示亚健康状态,3个点位显示一般状态,3个点位显示较差状态.F-IBI值从上游到下游呈现逐渐上升趋势,且上、中、下游F-IBI值存在显著性差异(P<0.05).干流健康状况优于支流,较差健康点位位于桐梓河、五马河流域,一般健康点位位于习水河流域.研究显示,赤水河鱼类以鲤形目、鲤科为主要种群,构建的F-IBI评价体系可作为人类活动干扰的良好的预测因素,较好地反映赤水河水生生态系统健康状况,可作为赤水河水生生态系统健康评价和资源管理的工具.展开更多
基金Supported by " Research on Tourism Development and Traditiona Cultural Protection of Chishui Danxia as World Natural Heritage "Which Is Foundation Item of Guizhou Provincial Governor (2010013)" Economic Development and Eco-environment Change of Chishu River Basin in Qing Dynasty" Which Is Regional Economic Research Subject of Zunyi Normal College (E03.2010)~~
文摘This paper took Chishui River Basin as the research object,and pointed out that its culture,which reflected local life and production and was featured with regional characteristics as well as abundant cultural connotation,was constituted by native natural and cultural geography,folk customs and historical feature.The relation between Chishui salt path and salt business culture under the typical closed and half-closed geographical environment was analyzed to indicate that the realignment of Chishui River had brought prosperity of Chishui River,booming of commercial towns,and development of ancient architectures and guild hall culture.The relation between rich natural resources and production and life culture of Chishui River was explained to show that Danxia landform nurtured stone culture,Chishui River resources cultivated fishing culture,special hydrogeological environment fostered liquor culture represented by Maotai,and Bamboo culture accumulated for hundreds of years.Finally,it introduced military culture and the spirit of the Long March forming based on the special location of Chishui River.It emphasized that geological environment was the important basis for human's survival and played an immeasurable role in the cultural development of a region.
基金supported by Grants from the National Key Research&Development Program of China(2022FY100400,2022YFB3206905)the National Key Research&Development Program of Yunnan Province(202203AC100001)the China Three Gorges Corporation(BHQ202305).
文摘Background To rehabilitate the depleted fish resources of the Yangtze River Basin,China,a 10-year fishing ban has been implemented.This national initiative has attracted worldwide attention.The present study aimed to explore the ecological process and recovery effectiveness of this complete fishing ban in the Chishui River,the first river where the fishing ban was enacted in the Yangtze River Basin.Changes in fish resources were analyzed based on investigations conducted 5 years before(2012–2016)and 5 years after(2017–2021)the implementation of the fish-ing ban in four reaches along the longitudinal gradient.Results A total of 140 fish species,including 127 native and 13 exotic species,were collected during the study period.The number of fish species as well as the diversity indices showed no significant temporal changes.However,11 native species that had disappeared for many years appeared again after the fishing ban.The occurrence rates of some key protected species,Procypris rabaudi,Acipenser dabryanus,Euchiloglanis davidi and Myxocyprinus asiaticus,increased after the fishing ban,while Coreius guichenoti,Percocypris pingi,Onychostoma angustistomata and Leptobotia rubrilabris showed no obvious recovery.The fish assemblage structure in nearly all reaches(except the headwater)showed significant temporal changes with an increase in the relative abundance of larger body-sized species.The population structure of most dominant species improved greatly with the mean standard length and the mean body weight as well as the proportion of larger-sized individuals clearly increasing.In addition,the density of fishes changed dramatically with the catch per unit effort(CPUE)increasing by 140–210%for different study reaches.Conclusions The present study confirmed that the complete fishing closure is an effective measure to facilitate fish resources recovery.These results provide valuable references for evaluating the effectiveness of the 10-year fishing ban policy in the entire Yangtze River.
文摘赤水河是长江上游一级支流,生境类型复杂多样,在长江上游珍稀特有鱼类资源保护方面发挥着至关重要的作用.为了解赤水河健康状况,本研究于2020年5月和9月,在赤水河干流和重要一级支流31个点位开展鱼类调查,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数、Pielou指数评价鱼类多样性,构建了F-IBI(fish-based index of biotic integrity)指数评价赤水河健康状况.此次调查共采集6288尾,隶属于4目10科26属90种;鱼类Shannon-Wiener指数范围为0.21~2.87,平均值为1.48±0.46;Simpson指数范围为0.08~0.91,平均值为0.69±0.14;Pielou指数范围为0.13~0.97,平均值为0.76±0.13.上游至下游Shannon-Wiener指数和Simpson指数均呈现逐渐升高的变化规律.构建了包含物种总数、鲤形目个体数%、鮈亚科个体数%、鲌亚科个体数%等10个指标在内的F-IBI核心指标体系,采用比值法计算各点位F-IBI值,根据F-IBI值将流域健康状况划分为“健康”(F-IBI≥5.99)、“亚健康”(4.49≤F-IBI<5.99)、“一般”(2.99≤F-IBI<4.49)、“较差”(1.50≤F-IBI<2.99)和“极差”(F-IBI<1.50)5个等级.评价结果显示,所调查点位整体为健康状态,20个点位显示健康状态,5个点位显示亚健康状态,3个点位显示一般状态,3个点位显示较差状态.F-IBI值从上游到下游呈现逐渐上升趋势,且上、中、下游F-IBI值存在显著性差异(P<0.05).干流健康状况优于支流,较差健康点位位于桐梓河、五马河流域,一般健康点位位于习水河流域.研究显示,赤水河鱼类以鲤形目、鲤科为主要种群,构建的F-IBI评价体系可作为人类活动干扰的良好的预测因素,较好地反映赤水河水生生态系统健康状况,可作为赤水河水生生态系统健康评价和资源管理的工具.
