Patients with Cervical Ureaplasma Urealyticum and Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection Undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET: The Need for New Paradigm

Genital tract infections with ureaplasma urealyticum（UU） and chlamydia trachomatis（CT） are the most frequent sexually-transmitted disease worldwide. UU and CT infections are considered to be the leading cause for infertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, little is known about the specific effect of cervical UU and CT infections on the etiology of female infertility, as well as the pregnancy outcomes of the patients undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer（IVF/ICSI-ET）. In order to find the association between cervical UU and/or CT infection and pregnancy outcomes, we conducted a retrospective case-control study on the patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET with cervical UU and/or CT infection. A total of 2208 patients who received IVF/ICSI-ET were enrolled in this study. Data on the general conditions, pregnancy history and clinical pregnant outcomes were analyzed in terms of the cervical UU and CT detection. Our results revealed that cervical UU and CT infections were the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor-induced infertility. Moreover, the pregnancy rate, abortion rate, ectopic pregnancy rate and premature birth rate in patients with UU and/or CT infections showed no significant difference when compared with the control group. We recommend that cervical UU and CT detection should be an optional item for infertility patients and clinical UU detection should differentiate the subtypes of cervical UU. Positive cervical UU and CT infections should not be taken as strict contraindications for IVF/ICSI-ET.

Treatment for Persistent Chlamydial Infection in the Urogenital Tract-a Review Study

Objective： To investigate treatment efficacy for persistent chlamydial infection in the urogenital tract. Methods： 207 patients with persistent chlamydial urogenital infection were treated with tetracycline,azithromycin, ofloxacin or a combination of these.Result： 47.92%-68.60% of patients with persistent chlamydial urogenital infection were cured depending on the drug used. Ofloxacin had better results than tetracycline and azithromycin.Conclusion： Many patients were resistant to treatment with tetracycline and azithromycin. Ofloxacin proved effective.

High frequency of latent Chlamydia trachomatis infection in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

AIM： To determine the frequency of detection of ocular and extraocular Chlamydia trachomatis （CT） infection in non -high myopes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment （RRD）. METHODS： This was a single-center, nonrandomized, prospective, case-control study. One hundred and four patients were divided into a study group with RRD （n= 63） and a control group with traumatic retinal detachment （n=41）. Samples of subretinal fluid （SFR）, conjunctival, urethral/cervical swabs, and blood were collected. The frequency of detection of CT infection in SRF samples was determined by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, direct fluorescence assay （DFA） and cell culture, whereas that in conjunctival swabs was determined by PCR and DFA, and those in urethral/cervical swabs and blood were determined by DFA. Yates Chi-square test （with Bonferroni correction） and two-tailed Student＇s t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS： SRF CT infection was detected more frequently in the study group （50.8%-71.4%） than in the control group （9.8%-12.2%） by all the methods used （P〈 0.01）. The frequency of detection of conjunctival CT infection by DFA was higher in the RRD patients compared with the controls （81.0% vs 24.4%, P=0.004）. The PCR detected conjunctival CT infection more often in the study group than in the controls （46.0% vs89.8%, P= 0.007）. The DFA detected CT in blood specimens almost as frequently as in urogenital specimens, for the RRD patients （61.2% vs 63.5%） and the controls （7.3% vs 9.8%）. CONCLUSION： CT infection is detected with high frequency in non-high myopes with RRD.

Extragenital chlamydia infection among active-duty women in the United States Navy

Background: Pharyngeal and anorectal reservoirs of gonorrhea(GC) and chlamydia(CT) are increasingly recognized among heterosexual women. While a number of studies performed at sexually transmitted disease(STD) clinics have found a high prevalence of extragenital GC/CT infection, such screening is typically not offered during routine primary care visits for women. We sought to define the prevalence of and factors associated with extragenital GC/CT among women in the U.S. Navy.Methods: We recruited servicewomen stationed in San Diego, California, between the ages of 18 and 25 who presented for an annual physical exam between January and September, 2017. Nucleic acid amplification testing was performed on swabs collected at endocervical, oropharyngeal and anorectal sites to assess the presence of GC/CT. An anonymous behavioral questionnaire was also administered to characterize sexual risk. Descriptive statistics were used to compare women with and without a prior history of any sexually transmitted infection(STI)(self-report) along with a current GC/CT diagnosis. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences.Results: Of the 75 patients who were approached, 60 subjects were enrolled in the study, including white 20(33.3%), black/African American 18(31.0%), Hispanic/Latina 13(21.7%) and Asian/Pacific Islander 9(15.5%) women. Among all the women, six(10.0%) were diagnosed with CT infection, all via endocervical exam. Of these, five(8.3%) had concurrent anorectal infection, including two cases(3.3%) accompanied by pharyngeal infection. Of the subjects, 15(25.0%) reported anal intercourse in their most recent sexual encounter, most of which was condomless(13/15, 86.7%). A high number of women who reported sex with a casual male partner(19/45, 42.2%) reported rarely or never using condoms;last, 41.7% consuming at least 3 drinks on a typical drinking day, and one-third of the reported drinking more than once per week.Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of anorectal CT infection, although no infections were detected without concurrent endocervical involvement. Nonetheless, the high prevalence of condomless anal intercourse reported by participants argues for further study and ongoing consideration of extragenital screening among high-risk patients. Behavioral interventions are also warranted given the high prevalence of sexual and related risk factors.

Chlamydia pneumoniae replicates in Kupffer cells in mouse model of liver infection

AIM: To develop an animal model of liver infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) in intraperito-neally infected mice for studying the presence of chlamy-diae in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes.METHODS: A total of 80 BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with C. pneumoniae and sacrificed at various time points after infection. Chlamydiae were looked for in liver homogenates as well as in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes separated by liver perfusion with collagenase. C. pneumoniae was detected by both isola-tion in LLC-MK2 cells and fluorescence in situ hybridiza-tion (FISH). The releasing of TNFA-α by C. pneumoniae in vitro stimulated Kupffer cells was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS: C. pneumoniae isolation from liver homoge-nates reached a plateau on d 7 after infection when 6 of 10 animals were positive, then decreased, and became negative by d 20. C. pneumoniae isolation from sepa-rated Kupffer cells reached a plateau on d 7 when 5 of 10 animals were positive, and became negative by d 20. The detection of C. pneumoniae in separated Kupffer cells by FISH, confirmed the results obtained by culture. Isolated hepatocytes were always negative. Stimula-tion of Kupffer cells by alive C. pneumoniae elicited high TNF-α levels. CONCLUSION: A productive infection by C. pneumo-niae may take place in Kupffer cells and C. pneumoniae induces a local pro-inflammatory activity. C. pneumoniae is therefore, able to act as antigenic stimulus when local-ized in the liver. One could speculate that C. pneumoniaeinfection, involving cells of the innate immunity such as Kupffer cells, could also trigger pathological immune re-actions involving the liver, as observed in human patients with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Research Progress on Chlamydia trachomatis Infection and Related Cytokines

Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection can induce host cells to produce numerous cytokines.Cytokines play important roles in inflammatory response. Although inflammation can protect the body, persistent inflammation can lead to pathological changes and tissue damages. Further research should determine whether cytokine production directly affects development and outcomes of inflammation. This study summarizes Ct infection and related cytokines.

Clinical Study of Continuous Infection in the Urogenital System of Chlamydiae trachomatis

Objective： To analyze the causes of persistent infection of Chlamydia trachomatis in the urogenital system. Method： We followed 223 patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection who were treated regularly. Result： After treatment, 22.87% of cases still tested positive. After one year and change of treatment regime,4.48% of cases remained positive, most of whom were female. Conclusion： The course of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the urogenital system is varied. This diversity has many causes including immunocompetence the characteristics of chalmydia trchomatis infection and genetic resistance.

Impact of sexually transmitted infections on women health

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the infections that can be transmitted from one sex partner, who already has such infection, to another. The causes of STIs in human are very well elucidated and their causative agents are identified as bacteria, parasites and viruses. The worldwide epidemiology of more than 20 types of STIs has been established, which includes diseases like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Genital herpes, HIV/ AIDS, HPV, Syphilis and Trichomoniasis. Though STIs affect both men and women indiscriminately, however, the pathophysiology of disease is more obvious among women. Other than abstinence, the most effective way to prevent the transmission or acquisition of STIs is to use a condom during sexual intercourse. Condoms are effective in decreasing the transmission of HIV. However, once contacted, STIs caused by bacteria or parasites can be treated with antibiotics. STIs caused by a virus may not virtually have any cure though the medicines may keep the disease under control. Correct usage of preventive measures greatly reduces but does not completely eliminate the risk of catching or spreading STIs.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Knowledge Assessment of Adults in a US South Eastern Texas Region

The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to assess knowledge level regarding signs and symptoms, prevention, treatment of STIs among a sample of residents from Southeastern Texas. One hundred and fifty-seven participants age 18 and over responded to the 23 questionnaire items. Questionnaires were distributed to mostly public places such as hair salons, fitness centers, health centers, gas stations, apartments, and stores. Results indicated that 50.3% of participants reported syphilis was not curable;while over 61% reported gonorrhea was incurable. Over 64% of respondents reported they did know the symptoms for syphilis and over 70% believed that syphilis was vaccine preventable. The data collected from this study indicated that some residents from Southeast Texas lack basic information concerning Syphilis, Gonorrhea, and Chlamydia with regard to prevention, signs and symptoms, and treatment. The cost and effort to increase educational programs and educational messages appear to be justified. Implications for practice include increasing funding and efforts to provide more educational programs focusing on sexually transmitted disease prevention, health literary education to dispel the myths and stigma related to STIs and community wide collaboration efforts to increase awareness.

Sexually Transmitted Infections among African-American Population of the Midwest United States

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea are commonly reported infections in the United States. Greater Omaha has had continually higher reported rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea for more than a decade compared to the rest of the state rates. Minority and young adults have been disproportionately affected. Purpose: The objectives of our study were to estimate the prevalence and to identify risk factors for chlamydia and gonorrhea among young adults. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with 310 young adults aged 19 -25 years between June 2011 and June 2012. The study collected socio-demographic, behavioral and other risk factors for STIs utilizing a pre-design standardized questionnaire. Gonorrhea and chlamydia status of the participants were established by testing urine samples using PCR-based diagnostic technique. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were used to examine risk factors for STIs. Results: About 12.6% survey participants had at least one STI test positive. Lower education was associated with STIs but was not statistically significant (Odd Ratio for no schooling was 8.24, 95% CI 0.93 -72.86, Odd Ratio for high school education was 2.05, 95% CI 0.25 -16.63 compared to associate or college level education). No other predictors were associated with STIs. The average age of the first sexual intercourse was lower, and the number of sexual partners was higher compared to their national counterparts. Conclusion: We found a higher percentage of STI-positive individuals compared to previously reported county-level estimates. Education was the single and most important predictor of positive STI status.

不孕不育人群生殖道沙眼衣原体感染影响因素分析

目的了解不孕不育门诊人群生殖道沙眼衣原体(CT)感染现状及影响因素,为制定该人群的CT防治策略提供依据。方法2021年4—12月在深圳市宝安区4家开设有不孕不育门诊的医疗机构的常规就诊者中招募调查对象。在获得知情同意情况下,收集其社会人口学相关信息并采集尿液标本进行CT核酸检测。运用Logistic回归分析该人群CT感染的影响因素。结果共招募954例不孕不育患者,CT阳性率为3.56%。Logistic回归分析结果表明,年龄<25岁(OR=3.91,95%CI:1.58~9.67)、文化程度为大专(OR=4.33,95%CI:1.23~15.24)、最近1年性伴数量≥2个(OR=4.25,95%CI:1.72~10.55)是该人群感染CT的危险因素。在调查对象中,74.42%不了解CT感染的相关症状,73.90%既往未检测过CT。结论深圳市宝安区不孕不育人群CT感染率较高,性活跃年龄段、文化程度相对较低、有多个性伴是CT感染的危险因素,应在不孕不育专科门诊中针对以上人群开展CT筛查,同时开展健康宣传,提高人群生殖健康。

新疆乌鲁木齐市某三甲医院皮肤性病科泌尿生殖系统感染患者三种病原体检测分析

目的总结1094例泌尿生殖系统感染患者淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、沙眼衣原体(CT)及支原体感染特点,为临床诊治及疾病预防与宣教提供依据。方法平板培养法检测NG,乳胶法检测CT,改良肉汤法检测支原体。结果三种病原体总阳性检出率为40.95%,NG、CT及支原体阳性检出率分别为13.45%,1.99%,29.00%,单项病原体阳性检出率显著高于混合感染(P<0.01)。四年间,NG,CT感染人数无明显变化,支原体感染及NG合并支原体感染人数呈上升趋势(P<0.01;P<0.05)。男性NG阳性检出率显著高于女性(P<0.01),女性支原体阳性检出率显著高于男性(P<0.01)。小于20岁患者NG阳性检出率最高(31.03%,P<0.01)。解脲脲原体(Uu)阳性检出率显著高于人型支原体(Mh)及合并感染(P<0.01)。药敏结果显示,氟喹诺酮类药物存在较高的耐药性,大环内酯类具有较高的敏感性。结论NG、CT阳性检出率保持平稳,支原体及NG伴发支原体感染呈逐年上升趋势。NG感染患者多集中于20岁以下男性。支原体感染以女性患者居多,氟喹诺酮类存在较高的耐药性。

老年患者鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎28例临床特征分析

目的研究老年患者鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎的临床特点、实验室检查、影像学以及治疗和转归。方法回顾性分析2020年8月—2023年8月在天津第三中心医院采用宏基因组二代测序技术诊断的28例老年鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者临床资料,采集患者病史、临床表现、实验室检查、胸部CT表现和治疗及转归情况。结果28例患者,年龄(72.1±8.8)岁,男16例,女12例,其中饲养鸽子3例,饲养鹦鹉4例。从发病到住院时间(5.6±3.0)d,住院时间(14.3±4.3)d。临床表现主要为发热、咳嗽、咳痰、心悸、腹泻等。实验室检查:白细胞计数(6.8±2.2)×10^(9)/L、中性粒细胞比例(81.1±8.7)×10^(9)/L、C反应蛋白155(126.5)mg/L。胸部CT表现多样:实变、实变伴磨玻璃影、磨玻璃影,支气管充气征、反晕征,胸腔积液等。CURB-65评分(1.43±0.84),PSI评分(109.75±32.97)。治疗情况:16例使用莫西沙星、5例使用左氧氟沙星,4例使用哌拉西林他唑巴坦联合米诺环素,2例使用碳青霉烯类联合米诺环素,1例使用碳青霉烯类联合莫西沙星。接受高流量吸氧病例有5例,28例患者均痊愈出院。住院时间与CURB-65评分、PSI评分、年龄、性别、C反应蛋白、胸部CT表现关系:PSI评分、C反应蛋白、双侧肺叶受累与住院时间成相关性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其他指标与住院时间无相关性。结论随着CRP、PSI评分升高,双侧多个肺叶受累,患者住院时间延长,喹诺酮类抗生素对于鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎有效。老年患者基础病多,社区获得性肺炎易合并多脏器功能损伤,易发展为重症,应尽早识别病原学,缩短病程,改善预后。

三重TaqMan qPCR检测呼吸道感染衣原体方法的建立及应用

目的本试验的目的是建立可以快速鉴别诊断呼吸道感染肺炎衣原体(Cpn)、鹦鹉热衣原体(Cps)和沙眼衣原体(Ct)的三重TaqMan qPCR方法,有助于衣原体病的科学防控和指导临床用药,为公共卫生安全提供保障。方法选择Cpn、Cps和Ct特异基因ARGR、ompA和ORF8设计引物,建立标准曲线,优化反应条件和体系,验证方法的灵敏度、重复性;通过单独检测3种衣原体的荧光定量PCR方法验证本研究建立方法的准确性。结果结果显示,所建立的三重TaqMan qPCR方法特异度和重复性好,检测灵敏度分别为45 copy/μL(Cpn)、40 copy/μL(Cps)和43 copy/μL(Ct);利用该方法对600个临床样本进行检测,其检出率与参考方法比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明该方法检测结果可靠。结论本研究建立的检测呼吸道感染衣原体的三重TaqMan qPCR方法特异性和重复性好,灵敏度高,结果可靠,为呼吸道感染衣原体临床诊治和流行病学监控提供有力工具。

广东省育龄妇女生殖道沙眼衣原体感染时空分布及其社会经济影响因素

目的描述广东省育龄妇女生殖道沙眼衣原体(genital chlamydia trachomatis,GCT)感染的时空分布特征,探讨宏观社会经济因素对其影响。方法收集广东省2014—2019年育龄妇女GCT感染筛查结果和相关宏观因素,基于泊松分布构建包含时间和空间项的贝叶斯时空层次模型,并使用嵌套拉普拉斯逼近(integrate nested Laplace approximations,INLA)进行参数估计。结果研究期间GCT感染时间变化趋势不明显,但具有显著空间聚集性。调整协变量和时间项后,高发地区集中在珠三角地区。各市区综合经济发展水平(RR=1.185,95%CI:1.117~1.257)、人口和交通水平(RR=1.058,95%CI:1.012~1.106)与GCT感染呈正相关,而医疗卫生水平与其呈负相关(RR=0.942,95%CI:0.924~0.960)。结论广东省育龄妇女GCT感染具有空间聚集性,社会经济因素与其感染密切相关。

肺炎支原体和肺炎衣原体在急性呼吸道感染患者中的流行病学研究

目的调查本地区急性呼吸道感染患者肺炎支原体(MP)和肺炎衣原体(CP)的流行病学特征。方法对2021年2月至2023年8月厦门大学附属成功医院的4896例急性呼吸道感染患者进行回顾性研究,其中男2886例、女2010例,年龄1 d~102岁。分析患者血清MP免疫球蛋白M(MP-IgM)抗体和CP-IgM抗体检出情况,并对比MP和CP感染类型、人群及季节分布特征。统计学方法采用χ^(2)检验。结果2021年至2023年急性呼吸道感染患者中MP-IgM抗体和CP-IgM抗体阳性检出率为14.48%(709/4896),其中MP阳性率为12.58%(616/4896),CP阳性率为1.63%(80/4896),MP+CP阳性检出率为0.27%(13/4896),以单一MP感染为主。女性MP阳性率高于男性[17.31%(348/2010)比9.74%(281/2886)],差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60.748,P<0.001);不同性别CP阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.360,P>0.05)。MP、CP在不同年龄段感染率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=237.938、55.070,均P<0.05),MP以0~14岁儿童为主要感染对象,CP以6~40岁为高发年龄。夏季总MP阳性率[15.30%(268/1752)]、总CP阳性率[2.40%(42/1752)]均高于其他季节;不同季节总MP阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.747,P<0.001),MP感染高发于夏秋季;而不同季节总CP阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.114,P=0.249)。结论MP、CP是急性呼吸道疾病的重要病原体,其中以MP感染为主,呈现季节、性别和年龄差异。

小檗碱的体外抗衣原体活性研究

研究旨在阐明天然产物小檗碱的体外抗衣原体活性。首先,通过测定小檗碱对沙眼衣原体L2和鼠衣原体MoPn包涵体形成数量和感染性子代滴度的影响,发现小檗碱对两种衣原体均呈浓度依赖性抑制。其次,采用CCK-8试剂盒测定化合物对细胞活力的影响,显示浓度不高于8μmol/L时小檗碱无明显宿主细胞毒性。借助宿主细胞和衣原体预处理实验,发现小檗碱不能直接作用于宿主细胞,仅能微弱地直接作用于衣原体而影响衣原体的感染过程。最后,分析小檗碱对衣原体增殖过程的影响。后加药和撤药实验结果显示,小檗碱主要作用于2~12 h的EB→RB转化阶段;长期耐受实验结果表明,小檗碱可以延缓衣原体的生长周期,但不能完全杀死衣原体。综上,小檗碱具有广谱的体外抗衣原体活性,对衣原体增殖过程的干扰作用强于对感染过程的影响。

1例鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的中西医结合护理体会

本文总结1例鹦鹉热衣原体肺炎患者的中西医结合护理经验。基于护理评估和中医辨证施护,在饮食护理、体温护理、情志护理等常规干预基础上,给予耳穴压丸调理脏腑、穴位贴敷止咳中医护理适宜技术,有效控制肺部感染,提高患者免疫力,促进患者康复。

深圳某医院2021年女性HPV、沙眼衣原体与解脲脲原体感染情况分析

目的了解深圳市某医院女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)、沙眼衣原体(CT)与解脲脲原体(UU)感染状况及HPV与CT、UU感染的相关性。方法分析2021年1月1日~12月31日于南方医科大学深圳医院体检与专科就诊女性的HPV、CT、UU感染状况。HPV基因型检测采用PCR-反向点杂交法;CT、UU检测采用PCR-荧光探针法,采用卡方(χ2)检验进行统计学分析。结果HPV、CT、UU的检测样本分别为8489、1590、1363例;总体检出率分别为16.54%(1404/8489)、11.07%(176/1590)、52.02%(709/1363)。体检人群HPV、CT、UU的检出率分别为15.39%(1246/8095)、6.25%(9/144)、60.00%(96/160);专科就诊人群HPV、CT、UU的检出率分别为40.10%(158/394)、11.55%(167/1446)、50.96%(613/1203)。3种病原体检出率最高的年龄组均为16~30岁。HPV检出率前5位的基因型依次为高危52型、高危53型、低危81型、高危58型、高危51型,分别为3.71%、1.96%、1.90%、1.73%、1.61%。在1404例HPV感染者中,单一基因型感染占74.43%,混合基因型感染占25.57%。不同年龄组中,16~30岁的感染者HPV单一基因型和混合基因型阳性率均为最高,分别为14.19%、7.26%,其次为>50岁的年龄组,单一和混合基因型HPV阳性率分别为13.29%、6.01%。HPV高危16型易与其他基因型混合感染(13/23)。HPV阳性组CT感染率明显高于HPV阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HPV阳性组与HPV阴性组相比,UU感染率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论30岁以下人群是HPV、CT、UU检出率最高的人群,应加强重点人群的宣教与筛查。HPV高危52型与高危16型分别是HPV检出率最高和最易混合感染的基因型。CT感染与HPV感染呈正相关,建议进行CT检测时同时筛查HPV,以尽早检出HPV、预防宫颈癌的发生。

淋球菌、沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体三重感染患者流行病学调查及相关危险因素分析

目的 调查泌尿生殖道淋球菌(NGH)、沙眼衣原体(CT)和解脲支原体(UU)三重感染患者的流行病学特征,并对其进行相关危险因素的分析。方法 选择2021年6月至2023年5月在本院门诊采样的初诊疑似泌尿生殖系感染患者5 264例为研究对象,经PCR检测NGH、CT和UU均阳性的患者134例作为病例组,选取同时期在相关科室做NGH、CT和UU的检测且全阴性的86例作为对照组,对两组相关生殖道病原体检测数据进行统计学分析。结果 5 264例患者中,三重感染者的比例为2.55%。不同性别、户籍所在地、年龄、感染类型、临床症状、婚姻的三重感染患者比例比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2分别=11.94、161.42、65.64、77.37、67.51、5.53,P均<0.05),不同职业的三重感染患者比例比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.54,P>0.05)。多因素分析显示,性伴侣数>1个、性生活中无避孕措施、个人卫生情况差是三重感染发生的危险因素(OR分别=20.37、4.26、8.34,P均<0.05)。结论 疑似泌尿生殖系感染人群中NGH、CT、UU检出率整体较高,其三重感染患者呈现年轻低龄化趋势,应加强青壮年性传播疾病防治工作;同时临床需要重视混合感染的筛查,以免延误治疗。