Clinical Observation of Chuanbai Antipruritic Lotion"Water Film"Wet Compress Combined with Chloramphenicol Prednisone Liniment in the Treatment of Acute Eczema

[Objectives]To observe and analyze the clinical efficacy and possible mechanism of Chuanbai antipruritic lotion"water film"wet compress combined with chloramphenicol prednisone liniment in the treatment of acute eczema.[Methods]A total of 76 acute eczema cases admitted to Shiyan Taihe Hospital from January 2022 to March 2023 were divided into Western medicine treatment group and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group.In the Western medicine treatment group,chloramphenicol and prednisone liniment was applied to the skin lesions and oral administration of cetirizine hydrochloride.The course of treatment in both groups was 2 weeks(w).The levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-4(IL-4)and the ratio of IFN-γ/IL-4 in the peripheral blood of patients before and 2 weeks after treatment,as well as serum immunoglobulin E(IgE),anti-IgE antibody and histamine(HA)level,and with skin lesions disappearing time,skin oil,transepidermal water loss(TEWL),eczema area and severity index(EASI)score,total effective rate,degree of pruritus and traditional Chinese medicine quality of life scale(EPQOLS)score to evaluate the efficacy.[Results]Compared with the Western medicine treatment group at 2 w,the disappearance time of skin lesions in the integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine group was shortened,TEWL,itching degree and EASI score,serum IgE and HA,and peripheral blood IL-4 levels were all decreased(P<0.05).IFN-γand IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio,anti-IgE antibody,EPQOLS score and total effective rate were all increased(P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant.[Conclusions]Chuanbai antipruritic lotion"water film"wet compress combined with chloramphenicol prednisone liniment is an optimized and safe and efficient method for the treatment of acute eczema,which can quickly relieve the symptoms of inflammatory damage of eczema and restore the skin barrier function,dry dampness and relieve itch.Inhibition of the release of histamine active substances and regulation of immunity may be the main mechanisms.

Study on Synthesis and Chloramphenicol Release of Poly（2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-acrylamide） Hydrogels

In this article, poly（2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate-co-acrylamide） hydrogels were synthesized by bulk free-radical copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate （HEMA） and acrylamide （AAm） for soft contact lens（SCL）-based ophthalmic drug delivery system. The copolymer was characterized with FT-IR and SEM, the swelling property of the hydrogels were studied by gravimetrical method, and chloramphenicol was used as a model drug to investigate drug release profile of the hydrogels. The results showed that poly（2-hydroxyethylmethacrylateco-acrylamide） hydrogels were transparent and useful SCL biomaterial, the water content increased as AAm content increase and pH decrease, and in the same way, hydrogel composition affected chloramphenicol release process too. Migration rate of chloramphenicol increased as the AAm content in the hydrogels increased in the first stage of diffusion process, whereas there was no significant difference thereafter.

Study on Pretreatment during Simultaneous Determination of Sulfonamides and Chloramphenicols in Honey

[ Objective] This study was conducted to establish a new UPLC-MS method for simultaneous detection of sulfonanfides and chloramphenicols in honey. [ Method] In this experiment, 0.2% formic acid-acetonitrile was used as an extractant to simultaneously extract chloramphenicoJs and sulfonamides from drugs. The extract was then loaded and extracted with an efficient separation column Oasis PRIME HLB. After nitrogen blow-concentration and dissolution with mobile phase, the extract was loaded on UPLC and detected by MS. [ Resultl There was a good linear relation in the range of 0. 1 - 10 ng/ml for chloramphenicols, with a correlation coefficient of 0.991, while sulfonamides had a good linear relation in the range of 0.5 - 50 ng/ml. The lowest detection limit of chloramphenicols and sulfonamides were 0. 1 and 0.5 μg/kg, respectively. The recoveries were in the range of 82.50% - 101.2%, with RSD values in the range of 3.2% -4.0%. [ Conclusion] This method is simple and fast with low detection limit, high recovery and good reproducibility, and could be used for simultaneous detection of re- sidual chloramphenicols and sulfonamides in honey. Key words UHPLC-MS; Sulfonamides ; Chloramphenicols ; Honey

Decomposition mechanism of chloramphenicol under electron beam irradiation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of electron beam to decompose chloramphenicol （CAP） in aqueous solutions. At the absorbed dose of 15 kGy, the decomposition rate of CAP was 95.24%. The degradation of CAP under electron beam irradiation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Redox reactions of CAP aqueous solutions with hydroxyl radicals （.OH）, hydrated electrons （eaq） and hydrated atoms （·H） were studied. The increase of the additives would result in the decrease of the degradation efficiency. The concentration of Cl- and NO3- in aqueous solution increased after electron beam irradiation. On the basis of the experimental results, a photocatalytic mechanism was discussed. The rate constant for reactions of .OH and CAP was 9.36×10^7 L/（mol.s） and for reaction of eaq and CAP was 7.33×10^7 L/（mol.s）..OH was supposed to play the key role in the radiation system of aqueous solution. Other free radicals like eaq and .H could also initiate the degradation.

Rapid Screening of chloramphenicol in Turbot with photobacterium phosphoreum DB

A new,simple,rapid microbial assay was put forward for the detection of chloramphenicol(CAP)residues in Turbot muscles using luminescent bacteria DB(Photobacterium phosphoreum)as test organ-ism.By the luminescence inhibition of DB,the concentrations of CAP were determined.CAP spiked inTurbot muscle tissues ranging from 0.5 to 100μg/kg was extracted using ethyl acetate and hexane.Themethod had a good recovery of 93.69% with a minimum detection limit of 0.65μg/kg.It can be per-formed within 30min following simple extraction.The method therefore proved to be advantageous overchromatographic procedures as it was inexpensive,quite sensitive and can be adopted for rapid screeningof CAP in Turbot tissues.

Enhancing chloramphenicol and trimethoprim in vitro activity by Ocimum sanctum Linn.(Lamiaceae) leaf extract against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Ocimum sanctum(O.sanctum) leaf extract, alone,and in combination with chloramphenicol(C) and trimethoprim(Tm) against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi(S.typhi).Methods:The antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of tulsi, 0.sanctum,leaf(TLE:500μg) for 23 S.typhi isolates was determined following agar diffusion. The C(30μg) and Tm(5μg) activity alone and in combination with TLE(250μg) was determined by disk diffusion.The zone diameter of inhibition(ZDI) for the agents was recorded, and growth inhibitory indices(Glls) were calculated.Results:The S.typhi isolates(n=23),which were resistant to both C(ZDI 6 mm) and Tm(ZDI 6 mm),had TLE(500μg) ZDIs 16-24 mm.The ZDIs of C and Tm were increased up to 15-21 mm and 17-23 mm,respectively,when TLE(250μg) was added to the C and Tm discs.The Glls ranged 0.789-1.235 and 0.894-1.352,due to combined activity against S.typhi isolates,of C and TLE and Tm and TLE.respeclivelv.Conclusions:The data suggest that TLE,in combination with C and Tm,had synergistic activity for S.typhi isolates, and hence O.sanclum is potential in combating S.typhi drug resistance,as well promising in the development of non-antibiotic drug for S.typhi infection.

Effects of chloramphenicol preconditioning on oxidative respiratory function of cerebral mitochondria in rats exposed to acute hypoxia

Objective: To investigate the roles of chloramphenicol (CAP) preconditioning in the oxidative respiratory function of cerebral mitochondria in rats exposed to acute hypoxia during acute hypoxia by observing the changes of mitochondrial oxidative respiratory function and cytochrome C oxidase (COX) activity. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (C), medication (M), hypoxia (H), and medication plus hypoxia (MH). Rats in groups M and MH were administered by peritoneal injection of CAP (50 mg/kg) every 12 h for 7 d before decapitation, but those in groups H and MH were exposed to a hypobaric chamber simulating 5 000 m high altitude for 24 h. The rat cerebral cortex was removed and mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation. Mitochondrial respiratory function and COX activity were measured by Clark oxygen electrode. Results: Compared with Group C, Group H showed significantly elevated state 4 respiration (ST 4), decreased state 3 respiration (ST 3), and respiratory control rate (RCR) in mitochondrial respiration during acute hypoxic exposure. ST 3 in Group MH was significantly lower than that in Group C, but was not significantly different from that in Groups H and M, while ST 4 in Group MH was significantly lower than that in groups C and H. RCR in Group MH was higher than that in Group H, but lower than that in Group C. COX activity in Group H was significantly lower than that in Group C. In Group MH, COX activity increased and was higher than that in Group H, but was still lower than that in Group C. Conclusion: Acute hypoxic exposure could lead to mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction, suggesting that CAP preconditioning might be beneficial to the recovery of rat respiratory function. The change of COX activity is consistent with that of mitochondrial respiratory function during acute hypoxic exposure and CAP-administration, indicating that COX plays an important role in oxidative phosphorylation function of mitochondria from cerebral cortex of hypoxic rats.

Penetrating Ocular Trauma in a Goldfish Model after Chloramphenicol or Traditional Medicine Angong Niuhuang Pill Treatment: An Analysis of Retinal Responses after 7 Days

Purpose: While there were numerous clinical examples of ocular damage, the histopathology of retinal responses was poorly characterized, and animal model research was limited. The consequences of retinal lesions with traditional medicine treatment were mostly unknown. In this work, goldfish was employed as a model for penetrating injury of the eyes to study the ocular trauma with antibiotic and traditional medicine treatments. Materials and Methods: The penetration of the eyes was performed at 2mm above the midline of the limbus in the superior quadrant with an 18-gauge sterile needle, all the way to the retina but avoiding the lens while the animals were anaesthetized in water containing 100 mg/L ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate (MS-222). The animals were divided into three groups and received treatments of saline, chloramphenicol, and Angong Niuhuang pill (Angong) eyedrops twice a day respectively. Angong after seven days, the animals were sacrificed. Immunohistochemical evaluation of proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), catalase, and cleaved caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) for apoptotic cells were performed on the fish’s superior quadrants of the retinae. The whole experiment was repeated two times. Result: It was evident that both the retinae treated with chloramphenicol and Angong had fewer apoptotic cells and more proliferative cells, particularly in the cases of the Angong treatment. BDNF was in the inner nuclear layer and ganglion cell layer of all groups. In the chloramphenicol and Angong groups, some cells in the outer nuclear layer displayed BDNF. Catalase reactions confirmed equivalent findings that the treated retinae with chloramphenicol or Angong treatment had less catalase. Conclusion: Angong Niuhuang pill is a traditional medicine composite formula with antibiotic and neuroprotective effects on the brain and the eyes, and this work also pointed out its possible pharmaceutical potential.

Effect of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol on humoral immune response elicited by bovine albumin encapsulated in niosomes

The aim is to evaluate the effect of ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol on anti-BSA antibody production triggered by bovine albumin encapsulated in non-ionic surfactant vesicle,niosomes.Reverse phase evaporation method was adopted to entrap the antigen in colloidal carrier composed of Span 80 and Span 85 followed by simultaneous characterization for particle size,entrapment efficiency and in vitro release.The protein content was determined by Bradford method using UV Visible Spectrophotometer at 595 nm.Humoral immune response was measured in terms of systemic IgG antibody titre by ELISA method.Experimental data indicated that 7∶3 molar ratio of Span 80 and cholesterol based niosomal formulation possessed maximum(39.8±2.9)% of soluble protein.Ciprofloxacin markedly(P<0.05) decreased the antibody titre.In contrast,chloramphenicol did not reduce the antibody titre significantly in comparison to control group(P>0.05).It is necessary to explore the effect of a vaccine antigen when a candidate is medicated with a therapeutic agent,which might help in programming a new drug management and vaccination programme.

Graphene from microwave-initiated upcycling of waste polyethylene for electrocatalytic reduction of chloramphenicol

Waste polyolefin plastics, accounting for 50% of all plastic waste, represent a tremendously unexploited carbon source. Efficiently upcycling polyolefin waste into value-added carbon materials for waste water treatment avoiding using noble metals is challenging but economically and environmentally sustainable. In this work, MAX-Ti_(3)AlC_(2) supported Fe selectively catalyzes polyolefin into few-layered graphene in 5 min under microwave treatment. Graphene and MAX supported Fe(Fe@MLC) can completely(99.9%)degrade chloramphenicol(CAP) within 60 min, retain robust after 10 cycles and work efficiently at a wide p H range(3.87–13.03), avoiding the usage of noble metal. Moreover, the electrochemical active surface area(ECSA) of Fe@MLC is 2.7 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. This work provides a cheap and efficient catalyst that promotes deconstruction of plastic wastes and indirectly degrades antibiotics thereby realizes the treatment of waste water with waste plastic.

N,O Co-Doping Enhanced Adsorption of Chloramphenicol for Highly Efficient and Robust Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination

Electrocatalysis technology can effectively promote the hydrodechlorination of chloramphenicol(CAP)to reduce the bio-toxicity.However,there are still some challenges such as low degradation rate and poor stability.Here,we prepared porous N,O co-doped carbon supported Pd nanoparticles composites(Pd NPs/NO-C)for electrocatalytic degradation of CAP.The doping of N and O not only effectively enhanced the interaction between substrate and CAP,promoting the mass transfer process,but also enhanced the anchoring effect on Pd nanoparticles,avoiding the occurrence of aggregation.The prepared composites achieved removal efficiency of CAP over 99%within 1 h,and the rate constant was as high as 6.72 h^(–1),outperforming previous reported electrocatalysts.Additionally,Pd NPs/NO-C composites showed a wide range of pH tolerance,excellent ion interference resistance and long-term stability.Our work unravels the importance of mass transfer processes in solution to electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination and provides new research ideas for catalysts design.

Point-of-Care Testing of Chloramphenicol in Food Production Using Smartphone-Based Electrochemical Detector

Antibiotic abuse in food processing could threaten human health via either direct pathogen or drug-resistant infection.To curb this situation,it is of vital significance to identify trace level of antibiotics in foodstuffin a point-of-care inspection manner.Here,a smartphone-based electrochemical system was developed for the quantitation of chloramphenicol(CAP).The differential pulse voltammetric reduction of CAP was measured facilely on a piece of gold-deposited screen-printed electrode,which was docked onto a palm-sized detector with remote directives from a mobile APP of Bluetooth handshaking and digital display.Under optimal conditions,the target CAP could be determined in a range from 1 nmol/L to 5μmol/L with a detection limit of 0.25 nmol/L.Further tests on emulate samples demonstrated the miniaturized device could handle the food-screening scenarios with accuracy,convenience and quick response.

Simple synthesis of BiOI/ZnO/rGO for efficient photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol under visible light

BiOI/ZnO/rGO(reduced graphene oxide) composite photocatalyst was fabricated using a simple one-step hydrothermal process and applied to the degradation of antibiotic chloramphenicol(CAP). By tuning the Bi/Zn ratios, the structure and photoelectric properties of the catalyst were investigated and characterized in terms of their morphological, structural, optical and photoelectrochemical properties. The as-synthesized composite photocatalysts are well-crystalline, uniform dispersion and exhibit good photocatalytic properties.The photocatalytic degradation rate of CAP by BiOI/ZnO/rGO composite is 8.1 times and 1.8times that of BiOI and ZnO, respectively. The photocatalytic mechanism studies revealed that the synergistic effect between rGO and BiOI/ZnO can effectively separate photogenerated electron–hole, enhance photocurrents and conductivity, and improve charge carrier densities. Moreover, BiOI/ZnO/rGO possesses good stability and reusability that the degradation efficiency remained above 80% even after 5 recycling. This study reveals that both the introduction of rGO and heterostructure construction between BiOI and ZnO play a crucial role in their photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties.

Capture-SELEX for Chloramphenicol Binding Aptamers for Labeled and Label-Free Fluorescence Sensing

Chloramphenicol(CAP)is a potent antibiotic.Due to its side effects,CAP is currently banned in most countries,but it is still found in many food products and in the environment.Developing aptamer-based biosensors for the detection of CAP has interested many researchers.While both RNA and DNA aptamers were previously reported for CAP,they were all obtained by immobilization of the CAP base,which omitted the two chlorine atoms.In this work,DNA aptamers were selected using the libraryimmobilized method and free unmodified CAP.Three families of aptamers were obtained,and the best one named CAP1 showed a dissociation constant(K_(d))of 9.8μM using isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC).A fluorescent strand-displacement sensor showed a limit of detection(LOD)of 14μM CAP.Thioflavin T(ThT)staining allowed label-free detection of CAP with a LOD of 1μM in buffer,1.8μM in Lake Ontario water,and 3.6μM in a wastewater sample.Comparisons were made with previously reported aptamers,and ITC failed to show binding of a previously reported 80-mer aptamer.Due to the small size and well-defined secondary structures of CAP1,this aptamer will find analytical applications for environmental and food monitoring.

A free elution immunoassay for chloramphenicol in chicken and egg after magnetic ZIF-8 adsorption separation

The excellent adsorption and rapid separation capabilities of magnetic MOFs make them desirable pretreatment materials for solid substrates.In this study,magnetic ZIF-8(mZIF-8)was synthesized in situ by a one-step method in the aqueous solution of magnetic beads.Isothermal adsorption verified that the maximum adsorption capacity of(011)crystal-exposed rhombic dodecahedral ZIF-8 for chloramphenicol was up to 128.31 mg/g(mZIF-8=67.18 mg/g).Kinetic adsorption revealed that the type of ZIF-8/mZIF-8 adsorption on chloramphenicol belongs to the pseudo-secondary adsorption kinetics of chemical monomolecular layers.Characterization by FTIR,XPS,and XRD revealed that mZIF-8 interacts with chloramphenicol mainly byπ-πelectron stacking,electrostatic attraction,and hydrogen bonding interaction.ELISA confirmed that chloramphenicol remained antigenically active after adsorption by mZIF-8.The adsorption and separation of chloramphenicol residues in chicken and egg were completed by mZIF-8 within 20 min.mZIF-8 can be used directly for elution-free ELISA after the adsorption of chloramphenicol.The limits of detection(IC10)of the mZIF-8+ELISA in chicken and eggs were 1.18 ng/mL and 0.64 ng/mL,respectively.mZIF-8 is expected to be used as a magnetic solid-phase extraction material for the rapid pretreatment of antibiotic residues in other complex solid matrices.

基于SiO_(2)纳米颗粒的无标记化学发光氯霉素适体传感器

经由食物链长期摄入氯霉素残留物会给人体带来各种危害和疾病。因此,建立快速、准确且高灵敏的食品中氯霉素检测方法具有重要意义。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了表面氨基化的SiO_(2)纳米颗粒,并用X射线衍射、透射电镜和红外光谱对其进行了表征。然后,利用酰胺键和碱基互补配对作用在SiO_(2)纳米颗粒表面依次组装互补DNA链和氯霉素适配体,成功构建了无标记化学发光氯霉素适配体传感器。该传感器制备简便,其中的氯霉素适配体既可作为生物识别元件,又可与苯甲酰甲醛反应产生化学发光信号,无需标记信号分子。该传感器的氯霉素检出限为3.26×10^(-9) mol·L^(-1),且选择性较好。将该传感器应用于实际样品中进行加标,回收率在94.67%~103.00%之间,表明该适体传感器可用于食品中氯霉素的检测。

荧光共振能量转移上转换适配体探针法检测牛奶中的痕量氯霉素

本研究合成了亲水性稀土掺杂的上转换荧光纳米颗粒(UCNPs)作为荧光能量的供体,金纳米颗粒(AuNPs)作为荧光能量的受体,基于荧光共振能量转移(FRET)体系,建立了检测痕量氯霉素(CAP)的适配体探针方法。UCNPs在波长980 nm激发下,在波长547 nm处有特征发射光。柠檬酸钠还原法制备的AuNPs在波长519 nm处有吸收峰。UCNPs通过链霉亲和素-生物素放大系统连接CAP适配体,形成荧光供体探针(UCNPs-apt),AuNPs与修饰巯基的CAP互补链连接,形成荧光受体探针(AuNPs-cDNA)。由于适配体和cDNA的碱基互补配对,发生FRET导致UCNPs荧光猝灭,加入CAP后部分荧光恢复。在最优的检测条件下,CAP浓度与荧光恢复值具有良好的线性关系,线性范围为0.01~10 ng/mL,检测限为5 pg/mL。采用本方法对牛奶样品进行加标回收实验,回收率在93.5%~99.4%之间,相对标准偏差为1.18%~2.84%。该方法具有简单、特异性强、灵敏度高、抗荧光背景干扰能力强等特点。

2019—2023年潍坊市售蜂蜜中氯霉素、甲硝唑分布趋势分析

目的:了解潍坊市近5年市售蜂蜜中氯霉素、甲硝唑的分布趋势,为食品安全监测提供分析数据。方法:2019—2023年随机采集潍坊市售200份蜂蜜样品,采用超高效液相色谱三重四极杆联用技术进行检测,根据检测结果分析样本中氯霉素、甲硝唑分布趋势。结果:200份蜂蜜样本中,氯霉素、甲硝唑检出率均为4.5%。2019年与2020年的甲硝唑检出率有显著性差异(P<0.05);2020年与2021年、2023年的氯霉素检出率均有显著性差异(P<0.05);商品化包装和散装样品的氯霉素检出率有显著性差异(P<0.05);春、夏季采集样品中氯霉素检出率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:潍坊市售蜂蜜样品中,甲硝唑和氯霉素检出率逐年下降。

Prevalence and Characterization of Pathogens Responsible for Enteric Fever and Assessment of Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, Enteric fever is a persistent health issue throughout the year, occasionally reaching epidemic levels. The growing antibiotic resistance makes treatment increasingly challenging. Therefore, studying the antibiotic resistance patterns within the population is crucial to ensure a more effective treatment strategy. This study was designed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, and factors associated with Salmonella spp. infections among clinically suspected Enteric fever patients in Bangladesh. This study also aimed to investigate whether there has been a re-emergence in the susceptibility of bacterial strains to conventional drugs. Data were collected from February 2024 to July 2024, from patients suspected Enteric fever (fever less than seven days duration) in a Private Diagnostic Center of Bangladesh. A total of 195 blood samples were cultured, where 53.85% came out positive, among which 79.05% Salmonella typhi and 20.95% Salmonella paratyphi A were found. Prevalence of Typhoid fever was observed high among the school-going age group (0 - 15 years) patients. Both these organisms were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefixime, ceftriaxone and cefepime but resistant to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. Nalidixic Acid is resistant to all S. paratyphi A and sensitive to few S. typhi. Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin showed delayed response (36.14% and 22.72% sensitive to S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, respectively) and resistance (63.85% and 77.27% resistant to S. typhi and S. paratyphi A, respectively). In case of S. typhi, the resistance was found against ampicillin (32.53%), chloramphenicol (27.71%), cotrimoxazole (24.09%) and the resistance of S. paratyphi A found against ampicillin (4.54%), chloramphenicol (0%) and cotrimoxazole (0%). This study will provide clinicians with alternative drug options and facilitate the effective treatment of Enteric fever.