The outcomes and safety of patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography combining a single-use cholangioscope and a single-use duodenoscope:A multicenter retrospective international study

Background: Duodenoscope-related multidrug-resistant organism(MDRO) infections raise concerns. Disposable duodenoscopes have been recently introduced in the market and approved by regulatory agencies with the aim to reduce the risk of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) associated infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of procedures performed with single-use duodenoscopes in patients with clinical indications to single-operator cholangiopancreatoscopy. Methods: This is a multicenter international, retrospective study combining all patients who underwent complex biliopancreatic interventions using the combination of a single-use duodenoscope and a single-use cholangioscope. The primary outcome was technical success defined as ERCP completion for the intended clinical indication. Secondary outcomes were procedural duration, rate of cross-over to reusable duodenoscope, operator-reported satisfaction score(1 to 10) on performance rating of the single-use duodenoscope, and adverse event(AE) rate. Results: A total of 66 patients(26, 39.4% female) were included in the study. ERCP was categorized according to ASGE ERCP grading system as 47(71.2%) grade 3 and 19(28.8%) grade 4. The technical success rate was 98.5%(65/66). Procedural duration was 64(interquartile range 15-189) min, cross-over rate to reusable duodenoscope was 1/66(1.5%). The satisfaction score of the single-use duodenoscope classified by the operators was 8.6 ± 1.3 points. Four patients(6.1%) experienced AEs not directly related to the single-use duodenoscope, namely 2 post-ERCP pancreatitis(PEP), 1 cholangitis and 1 bleeding.Conclusions: Single-use duodenoscope is effective, reliable and safe even in technically challenging procedures with a non-inferiority to reusable duodenoscope, making these devices a viable alternative to standard reusable equipment.

Accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiography compared to operative endoscopy in detecting biliary stones, a single center experience and review of literature

AIM: To compare diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) without contrast medium and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for biliary calculi. METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2013, two-hundred-sixty-three patients underwent MRCP at our institution, all MRCP procedure were performed with the same machinery. In two-hundred MRCP was done for pure hepatobiliary symptoms and these patients are the subjects of this study. Among these two-hundred patients, one-hundred-eleven(55.5%) underwent ERCP after MRCP. The retrospective study design consisted in the systematic revision of all images from MRCP and EUS/ERCP performed by two radiologist with a long experience in biliary imaging, an experienced endoscopist and a senior consultant in Hepatobiliopancreatic surgery. A false positive was defined an MRCP showing calculi with no findings at EUS/ERCP; a true positive was defined as a concordance between MRCP and EUS/ERCP findings; a false negative was defined as the absence of images suggesting calculi at MRCP with calculi localization/extraction at EUS/ERCP and a true negative was defined as a patient with nocalculi at MRCP ad at least 6 mo of asymptomatic followup. Biliary tree dilatation was defined as a common bile duct diameter larger than 6 mm in a patient who had an in situ gallbladder. A third blinded radiologist who examined the MRCP and ERCP data reviewed misdiagnosed cases. Once obtained overall data on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) we divided patients in two groups composed of those having concordant MRCP and EUS/ERCP(Group A, 72 patients) and those having discordant MRCP and EUS/ERCP(Group B, 20 patients). Dataset comparisons had been made by the Student's t-test and χ2 when appropriate.RESULTS: Two-hundred patients(91 men, 109 women, mean age 67.6 years, and range 25-98 years) underwent MRCP. All patients attended regular follow-up for at least 6 mo. Morbidity and mortality related to MRCP were null. MRCP was the only exam performed in 89 patients because it did show only calculi into the gallbladder with no signs of the presence of calculi into the bile duct and symptoms resolved within a few days or after colecistectomy. The patients remained asymptomatic for at least 6 mo, and we assumed they were true negatives. One hundred eleven(53 men, 58 women, mean age 69 years, range 25-98 years) underwent ERCP following MRCP. We did not find any difference between the two groups in terms of race, age, and sex. The overall median interval between MRCP and ERCP was 9 d. In detecting biliary stones MRCP Sensitivity was 77.4%, Specificity 100% and Accuracy 80.5% with a PPV of 100% and NPV of 85%; EUS showed 95% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 95.5% accuracy with 100% PPV and 57.1% NPV. The association of EUS with ERCP performed at 100% in all the evaluated parameters. When comparing the two groups, we did not find any statistically significant difference regarding age, sex, and race. Similarly, we did not find any differences regarding the number of extracted stones: 116 stones in Group A(median 2, range 1 to 9) and 27 in Group B(median 2, range 1 to 4). When we compared the size of the extracted stones we found that the patients in Group B had significantly smaller stones: 14.16 ± 8.11 mm in Group A and 5.15 ± 2.09 mm in Group B; 95% confidence interval = 5.89-12.13, standard error = 1.577; P < 0.05. We also found that in Group B there was a significantly higher incidence of stones smaller than 5 mm: 36 in Group A and 18 in Group B, P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: Major finding of the present study is that choledocholithiasis is still under-diagnosed in MRCP. Smaller stones(< 5 mm diameter) are hardly visualized on MRCP.

Feasibility of endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation to remove difficult stones in patients with nondilated distal bile ducts

BACKGROUND Current guidelines recommend not performing papillary large balloon dilation in patients with nondilated distal bile ducts.AIM To assess the feasibility of balloon dilation to remove difficult stones in patients with nondilated distal bile ducts.METHODS Data from 1289 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)procedures were obtained from two prospective studies.While 258 cases had difficult stones(>1 cm,multiple>8,impacted,or having a thin distal duct),191 underwent biliary dilation up to 15 mm after endoscopic sphincterotomy.Cholangiographies of these cases were retrospectively reviewed in order to classify the distal bile duct and both the stone size and number.Primary outcomes were clearance rate at first ERCP and complications.RESULTS Of the 191 patients(122 women and 69 men;mean age:60 years)who underwent biliary dilation for difficult stones,113(59%)had a nondilated or tapered distal duct.Patients with a dilated distal duct were older than those with nondilated distal ducts(mean 68 and 52 years of age,respectively;P<0.05),had more stones(median 4 and 2 stones per patient,respectively;P<0.05),and had less need for additional mechanical lithotripsy(6.4%vs 25%,respectively;P<0.05).Clearance rate at first ERCP was comparable between patients with a dilated(73/78;94%)and nondilated distal ducts(103/113;91%).Procedures were faster in patients with a dilated distal duct(mean 17 vs 24 min,respectively;P<0.005).Complications were similar in both groups(6.4%vs 7.1%,respectively).CONCLUSION Large balloon dilation for difficult stones is feasible in patients with a nondilated or even tapered distal duct.

Endoscopic management of postoperative bile leaks

BACKGROUND: Significant bile leak as an uncommon complication after biliary tract surgery may constitute a serious and difficult management problem. Surgical management of biliary fistulae is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Biliary endoscopic procedures have become the treatment of choice for management of biliary Gstulae. METHODS: Ninety patients presented with bile leaks after cholecystectomy ( open cholecystectomy in 45 patients, cholecystectomy with common bile duct exploration in 20 and laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 25). The presence of bile leaks was confirmed by ERCP and the appearance of bile in percutaneous drainage of abdominal collections. Of the 90 patients with postoperative bile leaks, 18 patients had complete transaction of the common bile duct by ERCP and were subjected to bilioenteric anastomosis. In the remaining patients after cholangiography and localization of the site of bile leaks. therapeutic procedures like sphinctero-tomy, biliary stenting and nasobiliary drainage ( NBD ) were performed. If residual stones were seen in the common bile duct, sphincterotomy was followed by stone extraction using dormia basket. Nasobiliary drain or stents of 7F size were placed according to the standard techniques. The NBD was removed when bile leak stopped and closure of the fistula confirmed cholangiographically. The stents were removed after an interval of 6-8 weeks. RESULTS: Bile leaks in 72 patients occurred in the cystic duct (38 patients), the common bile duct (30 ), and the right hepatic duct (4). Of the 72 patients with post-operative bile leak, 24 had associated retained common bile duct stones and 1 had ascaris in common bile duct. All the 72 patients were subjected to therapeutic procedures including sphincterotomy with stone extraction followed by biliary stenting (24 patients), removal of ascaris and biliary stenting (1), sphincterotomy with biliary stenting (18), sphincterotomy with NBD (12), biliary stenting alone (12), and NBD alone (5). Bile leaks stopped in all patients at a median interval of 3 days (range 3-16 days) after endoscopic in- terventions. No difference was observed in efficacy and in time for the treatment of bile leak by sphincterotomy with endoprosthesis or endoprosthesis alone in patients with bile leak after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Post-cholecystectomy bile leaks occur most commonly in the cystic duct and associated common bile duct stones are found in one-third of cases. Endoscopic therapy is safe and effective in the management of bile leaks and fistulae after surgery. Sphincterotomy with endoprosthesis or endoprosthesis alone is equally effective in the management of postoperative bile leak.

Management of cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis:Endoscopic and surgical approaches

Gallstone disease and complications from gallstones are a common clinical problem.The clinical presentation ranges between being asymptomatic and recurrent attacks of biliary pain requiring elective or emergency treatment.Bile duct stones are a frequent condition associated with cholelithiasis.Amidst the total cholecystectomies performed every year for cholelithiasis,the presence of bile duct stones is 5%-15%;another small percentage of these will develop common bile duct stones after intervention.To avoid serious complications that can occur in choledocholithiasis,these stones should be removed.Unfortunately,there is no consensus on the ideal management strategy to perform such.For a long time,a direct open surgical approach to the bile duct was the only unique approach.With the advent of advanced endoscopic,radiologic,and minimally invasive surgical techniques,however,therapeutic choices have increased in number,and the management of this pathological situation has become multidisciplinary.To date,there is agreement on preoperative management and the need to treat cholelithiasis with choledocholithiasis,but a debate still exists on how to cure the two diseases at the same time.In the era of laparoscopy and miniinvasiveness,we can say that therapeutic approaches can be performed in two sessions or in one session.Comparison of these two approaches showed equivalent success rates,postoperative morbidity,stone clearance,mortality,conversion to other procedures,total surgery time,and failure rate,but the onesession treatment is characterized by a shorter hospital stay,and more cost benefits.The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with a general summary of gallbladder stone disease in association with the presence of common bile duct stones by discussing their epidemiology,clinical and diagnostic aspects,and possible treatments and their advantages and limitations.

Results of the open surgery after endoscopic basket impaction during ERCP procedure

AIM:To report the results of open surgery for patients with basket impaction during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) procedure.METHODS: Basket impaction of either classical Dormia basket or mechanical lithotripter basket with an entrapped stone occurred in six patients.These patients were immediately operated for removal of stone(s) and impacted basket.The postoperative course,length of hospital stay,diameter of the stone,complication and the surgical procedure of the patients were reported retrospectively.RESULTS: Six patients(M/F,0/6) were operated due to impacted basket during ERCP procedure.The mean age of the patients was 64.33 ± 14.41 years.In all cases the surgery was performed immediately after the failed ERCP procedure by making a rightsubcostal incision.The baskets containing the stone were removed through longitudinal choledochotomy with the stone.The choledochotomy incisions were closed by primary closure in four patients and T tube placement in two patients.All patients were also performed cholecystectomy additionally since they had cholelithiasis.In patients with T-tube placement it was removed on the 13 th day after a normal T-tube cholangiogram.The patients remained stable at postoperative period and discharged without any complication at median 7 d.CONCLUSION: Open surgical procedures can be applied in patients with basket impaction during ERCP procedure in selected cases.

Acute cholangitis: Does malignant biliary obstruction vs choledocholithiasis etiology change the clinical presentation and outcomes?

BACKGROUND Whether clinical outcomes of acute cholangitis(AC)vary by etiology is unclear.AIM To compare outcomes in AC caused by malignant biliary obstruction(MBO)and common bile duct stones(CBDS).METHODS This retrospective study included 516 patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)due to AC caused by MBO(MBO group,n=56)and CBDS(CBDS group,n=460).Clinical and laboratory parameters were compared between the groups.Propensity score matching(PSM)created 55 matched pairs.Confounders used in the PSM analysis were age,sex,time to ERCP,and technical success of ERCP.The primary outcome comparison was 30-d mortality.The secondary outcome comparisons were intensive care unit(ICU)admission rate,length of hospital stay(LOHS),and 30-d readmission rate.RESULTS Compared with the CBDS group,the MBO group had significantly lower body temperature,percentage of abnormal white blood cell counts,and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,and creatinine.Body temperature,percent abnormal white blood cell count,and serum aspartate aminotransferase levels remained significantly lower in the MBO group in the PSM analysis.Platelet count,prothrombin time/international normalized ratio,and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin were significantly higher in the MBO group.The MBO group had a significantly higher percentage of severe AC(33.9%vs 22.0%,P=0.045)and received ERCP later(median,92.5 h vs 47.4 h,P<0.001).However,the two differences were not found in the PSM analysis.The 30-d mortality(5.4%vs 0.7%,P=0.019),ICU admission rates(12.5%vs 4.8%,P=0.028),30-d readmission rates(23.2%vs 8.0%,P<0.001),and LOHS(median,16.5 d vs 7.0 d,P<0.001)were significantly higher or longer in the MBO group.However,only LOHS remained significant in the PSM analysis.Multivariate analysis revealed that time to ERCP and multiple organ dysfunction were independent factors associated with 30-d mortality.CONCLUSION MBO patients underwent ERCP later and thus had a worse prognosis than CBDS patients.Therefore,clinicians should remain vigilant in MBO patients with clinically suspected AC,and perform ERCP for biliary drainage as soon as possible.

取石球囊在内镜逆行胰胆管造影术治疗肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄中的特殊应用

目的探讨在内镜逆行胆胰管造影术(ERCP)治疗肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄中,应用取石球囊协助导丝跨越胆管吻合口狭窄的效果。方法收集在原位肝移植术后发生胆管吻合口狭窄,行ERCP治疗的48例患者的临床资料。常规使用切开刀插管跨越狭窄段失败后,使用取石球囊尝试跨越吻合口狭窄,统计手术成功率,观察术中情况,分析治疗转归和并发症发生情况。结果48例患者入院体征主要包括:32例腹部不适,7例发热,4例皮肤瘙痒,3例黄疸,2例无明显症状;术前胆道磁共振胆胰管成像(MRCP)检查显示,胆管吻合口单纯狭窄35例,狭窄合并结石13例。在取石球囊引导下,导丝成功跨越吻合口狭窄26例,成功率为54.17%(26/48);通过对成功组和失败组的统计分析,两组患者中胆总管远端是否扩张存在明显差异,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.39,P=0.004)。26例经取石球囊治疗成功者,术后48 h的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、血清γ-谷氨酰转移酶(γ-GT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和总胆红素(TBiL)水平较术前下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。26例成功手术患者,均未出现严重并发症。结论取石球囊在肝移植术后胆管吻合口狭窄治疗中,能够提高操作成功率,特别是对于胆总管远端扩张者优势明显,且安全性较高,值得临床推广应用。

Role of digital single-operator cholangioscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary disorders

Due to the need for improvement in the diagnosis and minimally invasive therapy of the bile duct disorders new technologies for cholangioscopy have been recently developed. Per-oral cholangioscopy has become an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool leading to avoidance of aggressive and unnecessary surgery in many clinical scenarios. This paper focuses on the newly developed SpyGlass DS technology, its advantages, and the technique of single-operator cholangioscopy(SOC), biliary indications and possible adverse events. We also review the available literature; discuss the limitations and future expectations.Digital SOC(D-SOC) is a useful technique, which provides endoscopic imaging of the biliary tree, optical diagnosis, biopsy under direct vision and therapeutic interventions. The implementations are diagnostic and therapeutic. Diagnostic indications are indeterminate biliary strictures, unclear filling defects, staging of cholangiocarcinoma, staging of ampullary tumors(extension into the common bile duct), unclear bile duct dilation, exploring cystic lesions of the biliary tree,unexplained hemobilia, posttransplant biliary complications. Therapeutic indications are lithotripsy of difficult stones, retrieval of migrated stents, foreign body removal, guide wire placement, transpapillary gallbladder drainage and endoscopic tumor ablative therapy. Most studied and established indications are the diagnosis of indeterminate biliary stricture and intraductal lithotripsy of difficult stones. The adverse events are not different and more common compared to those of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)alone. D-SOC is a safe and effective procedure, adjunct to the standard ERCP and the newly available digital technology overcomes many of the limitations of the previous generations of cholangioscopes.

Surgery in biliary lithiasis: from the traditional “open” approach to laparoscopy and the“rendezvous” technique

BACKGROUND:According to the current literature, biliary lithiasis is a worldwide-diffused condition that affects almost 20% of the general population. The rate of common bile duct stones(CBDS) in patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis is estimated to be 10% to 33%, depending on patient’s age.Compared to stones in the gallbladder, the natural history of secondary CBDS is still not completely understood. It is not clear whether an asymptomatic choledocholithiasis requires treatment or not. For many years, open cholecystectomy with choledochotomy and/or surgical sphincterotomy and cleaning of the bile duct were the gold standard to treat both pathologies. Development of both endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and laparoscopic surgery,together with improvements in diagnostic procedures, influenced new approaches to the management of CBDS in association with gallstones.DATA SOURCES:We decided to systematically review the literature in order to identify all the current therapeutic options for CBDS. A systematic literature search was performed independently by two authors using Pub Med, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library Central.RESULTS:The therapeutic approach nowadays varies greatly according to the availability of experience and expertise in each center, and includes open or laparoscopic common bile duct exploration, various combinations of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and ERCP and combined laparoendoscopic rendezvous.CONCLUSIONS:Although ERCP followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently preferred in the majority of hospitals worldwide, the optimal treatment for concomitant gallstones and CBDS is still under debate, and greatly varies among different centers.

胆宁片在ERCP碎石术后留置胆管支架患者中的应用效果观察

目的评价胆宁片在ERCP碎石术后留置胆管支架患者中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2022年9月至2023年8月同济大学附属东方医院247例实施ERCP碎石术后留置胆管支架患者的临床资料,按照术后是否服用胆宁片分为观察组(n=135)和对照组(n=112),其中观察组服用胆宁片,对照组不服用胆宁片。比较两组支架通畅率、肠胆返流率、结石残留率,以及总胆红素(TBIL)、结合胆红素(DBIL)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)的改善情况。结果与对照组比较,观察组胆管支架通畅率[89.63%(121/135)vs 57.14%(64/112),χ^(2)=34.36,P<0.001]较高,但肠胆反流发生率[8.89%(12/135)vs 33.21%(26/112),χ^(2)=23.77,P<0.001]和结石残留率均较低[13.33%(18/135)vs 23.21%(26/112),χ^(2)=8.133,P=0.004],差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而TBIL、DBIL、ALP和GGT均有降低,但仅有GGT的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ERCP术后服用胆宁片可延长胆管支架的通畅时间,减少肠胆反流的发生及结石残留,并促进胆管酶谱的恢复。

老年胆总管结石患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术插管取石后并发胆道感染、急性胰腺炎的相关因素分析

目的探讨老年胆总管结石患者内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)插管取石后并发胆道感染、急性胰腺炎的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2021年7月至2022年12月于郑州大学附属郑州中心医院接受ERCP治疗的140例老年胆总管结石患者的临床资料,观察ERCP治疗效果及术后并发症发生的相关因素。结果140例接受ERCP的老年患者,138例成功插管,插管成功率为98.57%。129例患者一次性取石成功,一次取净率为93.47%。术后7例患者发生胆道感染,14例发生急性胰腺炎。经单因素、多因素logistic回归分析,高位胆道梗阻、合并糖尿病是老年胆总管结石患者ERCP术后并发胆道感染的独立危险因素(P<0.05);既往慢性胰腺炎史、导丝多次进入胰管、插管困难是老年胆总管结石患者ERCP术后并发急性胰腺炎的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年胆总管结石患者ERCP术后并发症影响因素主要为高位胆道梗阻、合并糖尿病、既往慢性胰腺炎史、导丝多次进入胰管、困难插管。

SpyGlass内镜直视系统在原位肝移植术后复杂胆道并发症中的应用

目的探讨SpyGlass内镜直视系统在原位肝移植术后复杂胆道并发症中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析369例因成人原位肝移植术后胆道并发症首次行内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)治疗患者的临床资料。分析接受SpyGlass治疗患者的术前情况、术中表现、治疗转归及并发症。结果56例患者接受SpyGlass治疗,主要术前体征包括腹部不适38例、发热8例、黄疸6例、皮肤瘙痒4例。18例患者行超声检查,提示胆总管狭窄,肝内胆管明显扩张。56例患者术前均行磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)检查,其中胆总管狭窄合并结石36例、单纯胆总管狭窄16例、考虑肿瘤可能4例,均具有明确的SpyGlass治疗指征。56例接受SpyGlass治疗患者中,吻合口狭窄合并结石34例、单纯吻合口狭窄12例、单纯胆道结石1例、肿瘤4例。48例SpyGlass操作成功者术后48 h丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素水平均较术前下降(均为P<0.05)。56例经SpyGlass治疗患者未出现严重并发症。结论SpyGlass在肝移植术后复杂胆道并发症治疗中能够明显提高治疗成功率,安全性较高,值得推广应用。

胆道支架置入术对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影取石术后结石复发率和胆管炎发生率的影响及术后结石复发的影响因素分析

目的分析胆道支架置入术对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)取石术后结石复发率和胆管炎发生率的影响及术后结石复发的影响因素。方法回顾性分析2016年9月至2020年8月于张家港市第一人民医院行ERCP取石治疗的320例胆总管结石患者的临床资料,根据是否置入胆道支架分为观察组(n=126)与对照组(n=194)。比较两组临床资料、随访时间、结石复发率及术后胆管炎发生率,采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析术后结石复发的影响因素。结果两组年龄、性别、胆囊切除情况、壶腹周围憩室情况比较差异无统计学意义;观察组内镜下乳头括约肌切开术(EST)+EPBD、多发性结石、机械碎石比例均明显高于对照组,结石直径大于对照组,手术时间长于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。320例患者中,出现结石复发35例,术后胆管炎18例,结石复发率及术后胆管炎发生率分别为10.9%、5.6%。两组随访时间比较差异无统计学意义;观察组结石复发率、术后胆管炎发生率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结石复发患者与结石未复发患者年龄、性别、胆囊切除情况、ERCP方法、壶腹周围憩室情况、手术时间比较差异无统计学意义;结石复发患者多发性结石、机械碎石、未行胆道支架置入术比例均高于结石未复发患者,结石直径长于结石未复发患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,多发性结石是ERCP取石术后结石复发的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05),胆道支架置入术是ERCP术后结石复发的独立预后因素(OR<1,P<0.05)。结论胆道支架置入术能有效降低ERCP术后结石复发率和胆管炎发生率。

急性胆源性胰腺炎的急诊内镜治疗

目的 :探讨急性胆源性胰腺炎的急诊内镜治疗的方法。方法 :36例急性胆源性胰腺炎患者接受急诊经内镜逆行胆道造影和乳头括约肌切开并取石 ,35例治疗成功。结果 :2 4例轻型胰腺炎经内镜治疗后均得到治愈 ,11例重症胰腺炎中 8例缓解 ,2例因胰腺脓肿接受开腹手术 ,1例死于呼吸衰竭。结论 :内镜治疗急性胆源性胰腺炎具有操作简单、安全、有效等优点 ,是胆源性胰腺炎较为理想的治疗方法。

胆道双塑料支架联合熊去氧胆酸对困难胆总管巨大结石的临床疗效

目的回顾性分析胆道双塑料支架置入联合熊去氧胆酸(UDCA)对困难胆总管巨大结石(≥15 mm)的临床疗效。方法收集我院2018年1月至2019年12月困难胆总管巨大结石患者63例,均通过内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)放置胆道双塑料支架,其中32例患者术后联合UDCA 15 mg/(kg·d)口服(观察组),疗程3个月;31例患者未予口服药物(对照组)。3个月后拔除支架并行取石术,比较两组间第二次ERCP术前腹痛腹胀、肝功能异常、胆管炎、支架梗阻发生率、最大结石直径变化及取石成功率的差异。结果所有患者ERCP均取得成功,两次ERCP均未发生消化道出血、穿孔、重症急性胰腺炎等重大并发症。观察组第二次ERCP术前腹痛腹胀、肝功能异常、胆管炎及术中支架梗阻发生率分别为6.3%(2/32)、18.8%(6/32)、3.1%(1/32)、15.6%(5/32),均明显低于对照组25.8%(8/31)、45.2%(14/31)、22.6%(7/31)、38.7%(12/31),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.510、5.069、5.376、4.259,P=0.043、0.024、0.026、0.039)。观察组两次ERCP最大胆总管结石直径中位数分别为17、12 mm;对照组分别为17、15 mm,均较首次ERCP有明显缩小,差异均有统计学意义(Z=4.659、4.736,均P<0.01)。观察组最大胆总管结石直径降低均值较对照组更为显著(Z=3.883,P<0.001);二次ERCP取石成功率观察组为90.6%(29/32)、明显高于对照组71.0%(22/31),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3.946,P=0.047)。结论困难胆总管巨大结石患者放置胆道双塑料支架配合UDCA可更有效降低再次ERCP术前腹痛腹胀、肝功能异常、胆管炎及支架梗阻的发生率,降低最大结石直径,提高取石成功率。

快速康复外科在胆道结石患者ERCP术后饮食管理中的应用

目的探讨快速康复外科理念用于胆管结石患者ERCP术后饮食管理的效果。方法选择60例拟行ERCP取石的胆管结石患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例,两组患者术后当天均常规禁食。观察组患者术后次日如腹痛的症状及体征均不明显,且血淀粉酶正常或基本正常,则开始进食。对照组患者术后次日如腹痛的症状及体征均不明显,且血淀粉酶完全正常,则开始进食,否则延长观察期,继续禁食,直至结果正常后再逐步过渡到流质饮食及普食。比较两组患者术后口渴、饥饿感、输液量、住院时间的差异。结果观察组患者术后口渴、饥饿感发生率低于对照组;术后输液量、住院时间少于对照组。差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。均未发生出血、穿孔、胰腺炎的并发症。结论在胆管结石患者ERCP术后应用快速康复外科理念是安全、有效的,缩短了术后禁食时间,加快了病人康复速度,缩短了住院时间。

重症急性胆源性胰腺炎内镜治疗回顾性研究

目的:评价治疗性逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对重症急性胆源性胰腺炎(SABP)的疗效及安全性。方法:回顾分析65例SABP患者内镜治疗情况,比较早期及择期内镜治疗成功率、症状缓解及对预后的影响。结果:65例患者ERCP成功60例(成功率92.3%)。其中急诊ERCP成功率87.7%,择期ERCP成功率100%。33.83%ERCP未见胆管结石。对于无胆道梗阻的SABP患者,比较急诊与择期ERCP组患者的腹痛缓解、体温、白细胞计数、肝功能、淀粉酶等恢复正常时间无显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论:SABP行治疗性ERCP的诊治创伤小、有效。对于急性期SABP无明确胆道梗阻及感染,早期ERCP增加治疗风险及不成功率;病情稳定后择期ERCP可增加成功率并减少风险,不会加重病情。

胆管塑料支架置入不同更换周期治疗老年复杂性胆总管结石的研究

目的探讨胆管塑料内支架治疗老年复杂性胆总管结石患者的疗效,评价支架不同更换周期对疗效的影响。方法对2012年3月至2014年3月在内蒙古包钢医院消化内科就诊的41例老年复杂性胆总管结石患者行常规逆行性胆胰管造影(ERCP),经导丝引导放置1根8.5 Fr塑料胆管内支架引流。所有患者随机分为两组,其中A组19例患者每3个月更换1次支架,B组22例患者每6个月更换1次支架,如果患者出现腹痛、黄疸或发热,则马上行ERCP,先观察结石直径的变化情况,再决定是否取石或更换支架。结果 A组患者术后12个月共取净结石13例,B组患者术后12个月共取净结石14例,A组术后6个月及12个月结石取净率与B组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后6个月行ERCP或B超观察结石大小及数量变化,发现A组和B组共有7例结石数量减少,17例结石缩小,4例结石消失;术后12个月复查,A组和B组共有9例结石数量减少,15例结石缩小,6例结石消失,但两组在术后6个月及12个月的结石数量、直径变化的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组患者无支架堵塞发生,B组患者发现堵塞11例,A、B两组支架堵塞发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后12个月内,共有9例患者出现急性胆管炎症状,其中A组1例、B组8例,A、B两组急性胆管炎术后发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胆管塑料内支架是治疗老年复杂性结石患者简单、安全、有效的方法,每3个月更换1次支架可有效减少并发症的发病率。

Risk factors of choledocholithiasis formation after liver transplantation

Systematic study of risk factors for biliary stone post-liver transplantation is rarely performed. To investigate the risk factor of choledocholithiasis formation after liver transplantation, we c onducted a case-control study. Fourteen patients were selected into a study group. The stones of the bile duct of the patients were confirmed and treated successfully by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. For univariate analysis, we selected carefully some potential risk factors such as cold ischemia time, warm ischemia time, and biliary stricture. The results revealed that cold ischemia time and biliary stenosis were significant predictors. But multivariate analysis revealed that only biliary stenosis was a significant risk factor. In conclusion, biliary stenosis is a risk factor of bile duct stones formation after liver transplantation. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is effective and safe in the diagnosis or treatment of bile duct stones after liver transplantation.