Biliary complications associated with weight loss,cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis

Biliary complications like cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis are more common in bariatric surgery patients due to obesity and rapid weight loss.Patients with a body mass index>40 face an eightfold risk of developing cholelithiasis.Postbariatric surgery,especially after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(LRYGB),30%of patients develop biliary disease due to rapid weight loss.The aim of this review is to analyze the main biliary complications that occur after bariatric surgery and its management.A review of the literature was conducted mainly from 2010 up to 2023 with regard to biliary complications associated with bariatric patients in SciELO,PubMed,and MEDLINE.Patients undergoing LRYGB have a higher incidence(14.5%)of symptomatic calculi post-surgery compared to those undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at 4.1%.Key biliary complications within 6 to 12 months post-surgery include:Cholelithiasis:36%;Biliary colic/dyskinesia:3.86%;Acute cholecystitis:0.98%-18.1%;Chronic cholecystitis:70.2%;Choledocholithiasis:0.2%-5.7%and Pancreatitis:0.46%-9.4%.Surgeons need to be aware of these complications and consider surgical treatments based on patient symptoms to enhance their quality of life.

Current management of concomitant cholelithiasis and common bile duct stones

The management policy of concomitant cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis is based on a one-or two-stage procedure.It basically includes either laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)with laparoscopic common bile duct(CBD)exploration(LCBDE)in the same operation or LC with preoperative,postoperative and even intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-endoscopic sphincterotomy(ERCP-ES)for stone clearance.The most frequently used worldwide option is preoperative ERCP-ES and stone removal followed by LC,preferably on the next day.In cases where preoperative ERCP-ES is not feasible,the proposed alternative of intraoperative rendezvous ERCP-ES simultaneously with LC has been advocated.The intraoperative extraction of CBD stones is superior to postoperative rendezvous ERCP-ES.However,there is no consensus on the superiority of laparoendoscopic rendezvous.This is equivalent to a traditional two-stage procedure.Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation reduces recurrence.LCBDE and intraoperative ERCP have similar good outcomes.The risk of recurrence after ERCP-ES is greater than that after LCBDE.Laparoscopic ultrasonography may delineate the anatomy and detect CBD stones.The majority of surgeons prefer the transcductal instead of the transcystic approach for CBDE with or without T-tube drainage,but the transcystic approach must be used where possible.LCBDE is a safe and effective choice when performed by an experienced surgeon.However,the requirement of specific equipment and advanced training are drawbacks.The percutaneous approach is an alternative when ERCP fails.Surgical or endoscopic reintervention for retained stones may be needed.For asymptomatic CBD stones,ERCP clearance is the firstchoice method.Both one-stage and two-stage management are acceptable and can ensure improved quality of life.

Improvement of inflammatory response and gastrointestinal function in perioperative of cholelithiasis by Modified Xiao-Cheng-Qi decoction

BACKGROUND In the perioperative period of biliary surgery,various factors can induce the release of a large number of inflammatory factors,leading to an imbalance in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses and resulting in gastrointestinal(GI)dysfunction.Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols in biliary surgery have been shown to reduce the stress response and accelerate postoperative recovery.It is crucial to reduce the inflammatory response and promote the recovery of GI function after biliary surgery,both of which are the basis and key for perioperative care and postoperative recovery.AIM To better understand the effects of Modified Xiao-Cheng-Qi decoction(MXD)on inflammatory response and GI function in the perioperative management of cholelithiasis and their correlation.METHODS This was a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial,in which 162 patients who received biliary tract surgery were randomly assigned to three groups:MXD group,XD group,and placebo-control group.The observed parameters included frequency of bowel sounds,time of first flatus and defecation,time of diet,and amount of activity after surgery.The serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,serum amyloid A protein(SAA),and substance P were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Then,the spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between the indicators of GI function and inflammation.RESULTS Compared to the placebo-control,improvements in GI function were observed in the MXD groups including reduced incidence of nausea,vomiting,and bloating;and earlier first exhaust time,first defecation time,and feeding time after surgery(P<0.05).On the 1st and 2nd d after surgery,IL-6,CRP and SAA levels in MXD group were lower than that in placebo control,but substance P level was higher,compared to the control(P<0.05).Functional diarrhea occurred in both MXD and XD groups without any other adverse effects,toxic reactions,and allergic reactions.Diarrhea was relieved after the discontinuation of the investigational remedies.Bowel sounds at 12 h after surgery,the occurring time of the first flatus,first defecation,postoperative liquid diet and semiliquid diet were significantly correlated with levels of IL-6,CRP,SAA and substance P on second day after surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Treatment with MXD can relieve inflammatory response and improve GI function after surgery.Moreover,there are significant correlations between them.Furthermore,it does not cause serious adverse reactions.

Research Progress of Ethnic Medicine in the Treatment of Cholelithiasis

In a broad sense, ethnic medicine includes Han traditional Chinese medicine, folk medicine and ethnic minority medicine;ethnic medicine in a narrow sense refers to ethnic minority medicine. It is a medicine developed by ethnic minorities in order to survive and reproduce and in the process of fighting diseases. Culture, based on its own language, life experience and cultural traditions, has its own understanding and theoretical system of disease naming, etiology and pathogenesis, treatment principles and treatment methods, which is a major feature of my country’s medical care. Among them, ethnic medicine has unique advantages and good clinical efficacy in the prevention and treatment of cholelithiasis. Therefore, this paper focuses on summarizing the characteristic theories and diagnosis and treatment experience of Tibetan medicine, Mongolian medicine, Miao medicine, Yao medicine, and Beijing medicine in ethnic medicine by sorting out and summarizing the relevant materials in this regard, so as to provide new ideas for improving the treatment of cholelithiasis and enriching clinical drug selection.

Laparoscopic Surgery and Modified Xiaoyan Lidan Decoction:An Effective Combination for Treating Cholecystitis with Cholelithiasis

Objective:To assess the clinical effects of combining laparoscopic surgery with Modified Xiaoyan Lidan Decoction in patients diagnosed with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.Methods:Following the guidelines of the double-blind method,86 cases of cholecystitis with cholelithiasis were randomly divided into two groups,each comprising 43 cases.Both groups underwent laparoscopic surgery,with the observation group additionally receiving Modified Xiaoyan Lidan Decoction.A comparative analysis was conducted on clinical treatment effectiveness,general observation indicators,Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,and the occurrence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Results:The observation group demonstrated a significantly higher overall clinical treatment effectiveness compared to the control group(P<0.05).The clinical symptom improvement time and hospitalization time were shorter in the observation group,and the pain score and TCM syndrome score after treatment were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference was observed in the total reaction values(P>0.05).Conclusion:The combined application of laparoscopic surgery and Modified Xiaoyan Lidan Decoction can enhance clinical treatment efficiency for patients with cholecystitis and cholelithiasis.It facilitates a quicker improvement in clinical symptoms without causing serious adverse reactions,suggesting its potential for widespread adoption.

耳穴揿针联合栀黄散穴位贴敷在胆石症患者中的应用研究

目的观察耳穴揿针联合栀黄散穴位贴敷对胆石症患者的应用效果。方法将120例患者随机分为A组:耳穴揿针组(40例),B组:穴位贴敷组(40例),C组:联合治疗组(40例)。A组患者在常规西医治疗的基础上加用耳穴揿针治疗,按压4~6次/d,1~3 min/次,5 d 1个疗程,双耳交替操作。B组患者在常规西医治疗的基础上加用栀黄散穴位贴敷,贴敷于双侧胆俞穴、双侧肝俞穴、右侧期门穴、双侧阳陵泉穴,贴敷时间为4~6 h,2次/d,5 d 1个疗程。C组患者在常规西医治疗的基础上联合使用耳穴揿针和栀黄散穴位贴敷治疗。通过疼痛数值评分量表(NRS)比较3组患者治疗后0.5、1、2、24、48 h疼痛评分;治疗前后3组患者C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、胆红素、肝功能(ALT)变化情况;通过B超检查治疗前后胆囊收缩功能、胆囊壁厚度。结果干预后3组患者疼痛评分时间效应值、CRP、胆红素、ALT数值、胆囊壁厚度均低于干预前,胆囊收缩功能较干预前增加,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组、B组两组患者干预后疼痛评分时间效应值、CRP、胆红素、ALT数值、胆囊壁厚度、胆囊收缩功能比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。C组患者干预后疼痛评分时间效应值、CRP、胆红素、ALT数值、胆囊壁厚度均低于A、B两组,胆囊收缩功能高于A、B两组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论耳穴揿针和栀黄散穴位贴敷应用于胆石症患者,均可减轻患者的疼痛反应,降低炎症作用,促进肝功能恢复,增强胆囊收缩功能。将两者联合应用,临床疗效更加显著,能够加速患者康复,值得临床推广。

Hepatolithiasis:Epidemiology,presentation,classification and management of a complex disease

The term hepatolithiasis describes the presence of biliary stones within the intrahepatic bile ducts,above the hilar confluence of the hepatic ducts.The disease is more prevalent in Asia,mainly owing to socioeconomic and dietary factors,as well as the prevalence of biliary parasites.In the last century,owing to migration,its global incidence has increased.The main pathophysiological mechanisms involve cholangitis,bile infection and biliary strictures,creating a self-sustaining cycle that perpetuates the disease,frequently characterised by recurrent episodes of bacterial infection referred to as syndrome of“recurrent pyogenic cholangitis”.Furthermore,long-standing hepatolithiasis is a known risk factor for development of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Various classifications have aimed at providing useful insight of clinically relevant aspects and guidance for treatment.The management of symptomatic patients and those with complications can be complex,and relies upon a multidisciplinary team of hepatologists,endoscopists,interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons,with the main goal being to offer relief from the clinical presentations and prevent the development of more serious complications.This comprehensive review provides insight on various aspects of hepatolithiasis,with a focus on epidemiology,new evidence on pathophysiology,most important clinical aspects,different classification systems and contemporary management.

Burden of gallstone disease in the United States population:Prepandemic rates and trends

BACKGROUND Gallstone disease is one of the most common digestive disorders in the United States and leads to significant morbidity,mortality,and health care utilization.AIM To expand on earlier findings and investigate prepandemic rates and trends in the gallstone disease burden in the United States using national survey and claims databases.METHODS The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey,National Inpatient Sample,Nationwide Emergency Department Sample,Nationwide Ambulatory Surgery Sample,Vital Statistics of the United States,Optum Clinformatics®Data Mart,and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare 5%Sample and Medicaid files were used to estimate claims-based prevalence,medical care including cholecystectomy,and mortality with a primary or other gallstone diagnosis.Rates were age-adjusted(for national databases)and shown per 100000 population.RESULTS Gallstone disease prevalence(claims-based,2019)was 0.70%among commercial insurance enrollees,1.03%among Medicaid beneficiaries,and 2.09%among Medicare beneficiaries and rose over the previous decade.Recently,in the United States population,gallstone disease contributed to approximately 2.2 million ambulatory care visits,1.2 million emergency department visits,625000 hospital discharges,and 2000 deaths annually.Women had higher medical care rates with a gallstone disease diagnosis,but mortality rates were higher among men.Hispanics had higher ambulatory care visit and hospital discharge rates compared with Whites,but not mortality rates.Blacks had lower ambulatory care visit and mortality rates,but similar hospital discharge rates compared with whites.During the study period,ambulatory care and emergency department visit rates with a gallstone disease diagnosis rose,while hospital discharge and mortality rates declined.Among commercial insurance enrollees,rates were higher compared with national data for ambulatory care visits and hospitalizations,but lower for emergency department visits.Cholecystectomies performed in the United States included 605000 ambulatory laparoscopic,280000 inpatient laparoscopic,and 49000 inpatient open procedures annually.Among commercial insurance enrollees,rates were higher compared with national data for laparoscopic procedures.CONCLUSION The gallstone disease burden in the United States is substantial and increasing,particularly among women,Hispanics,and older adults with laparoscopic cholecystectomy as the mainstay treatment.Current practice patterns should be monitored for better health care access.

运用复发型胆总管结石患者胆道细菌建立豚鼠胆石症模型

目的:运用复发型胆总管结石患者胆道细菌建立豚鼠胆石症模型,为研究胆道微生物在胆总管结石复发及胆石症形成的作用机制方面提供贴合临床的动物模型支撑。方法:普通级Dunkin Hartley豚鼠35只,雌雄不限,第一阶段实验20只,第二阶段实验15只。两阶段造模方法均采用胆道插管、注射复发型胆总管结石患者胆道菌液的方式。第一阶段实验造模后第9周时,观察动物模型术后存活率、动物模型胆汁性状及胆道系统内结石形成情况;留取动物胆汁样本做细菌培养。第二阶段实验从造模结束第2天起,每日取材2只动物模型观察其胆汁性状及胆道系统内结石形成情况。观察胆结石动物的肝脏、胆囊及胆总管组织的病理学变化;综合评估本实验方法建立胆石症动物模型的可行性。结果:与既往使用胆道插管注射大肠杆菌并结合不完全梗阻的造模方式相比,本实验使用的造模方法,更贴合临床胆总管结石患者结石复发及胆石症形成时的胆道微生物状态,且造模周期短,模型成功率高,操作难度相对较小,动物死亡率低。结论:本实验使用的造模方式可以成功建立豚鼠胆石症模型,能够为研究胆道微生物在ERCP术后胆总管结石复发及胆石症形成中的作用机制提供可靠的动物模型支撑。

从肺论治胆石症

胆石症的形成与精气血津液失调密切相关,肺参与精气血津液的生成与运行,并因此对胆气通降、胆汁排泄、胆腑疏通等产生影响。通过宣肃肺气、补益肺阴、顾护肺卫,可改善机体因精气血津液失调而产生的气滞、血瘀、湿盛、阴虚等病理变化,从而达到治疗胆石症的目的。当前临床治疗胆石症多从脾胃肝肾入手,从肺论治是一种新思路。

四磨汤用于胆石症患者术后对胃肠激素水平的影响

目的探讨四磨汤用于胆石症患者术后对胃肠激素水平的影响。方法选取连云港市中医院在2019年1月至2022年1月收治的102例胆石症患者进行研究,患者均进行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC),术后按照随机数字表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组51例。观察组男性20例,女性31例;年龄22~64(43.17±3.74)岁;给予常规抗感染、保肝治疗、四磨汤治疗。对照组男性21例,女性30例;年龄21~63(42.62±3.49)岁;给予常规抗感染、保肝治疗。比较两组患者的治疗效果,比较两组患者治疗前后腹部胀痛、食欲不振、脉弦、胸闷恶心、嗳气频作、舌红苔白的中医症状积分,比较两组患者肛门排气时间、肠鸣音缓解时间、排便时间和进食时间,比较两组患者治疗前后的胃泌素(GAS)、胃动素(MTL)和生长抑素(SS)水平,比较两组患者的不良反应情况。采用独立样本t检验、配对t检验和χ^(2)检验。结果观察组总有效率92.16%(47/51)高于对照组70.59%(36/51),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.826,P=0.005)。治疗后,观察组腹部胀痛、食欲不振、脉弦、胸闷恶心、嗳气频作、舌红苔白的中医症状积分均比对照组低(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组患者的肛门排气(33.56±5.44)h、肠鸣音缓解(18.76±3.28)h、排便(40.56±6.67)h以及进食时间(37.27±6.24)h更短(均P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组GAS(112.87±18.25)ng/L、MTL水平(203.81±22.13)ng/L均比对照组低,SS水平(48.96±8.09)ng/L比对照组高(均P<0.05)。观察组不良反应总发生率3.92%(2/51)低于对照组不良反应总发生率17.64%(9/51),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.993,P=0.025)。结论四磨汤可以有效缓解胆石症患者术后的临床症状,缩短胃肠功能各指标的恢复时间,调节胃肠激素水平且安全性高、不良反应少。

双向孟德尔随机化分析总胆固醇升高风险与胆石症发生风险的关系

目的 运用双向孟德尔随机化评估总胆固醇升高风险与胆石症发生风险之间的关联。方法 总胆固醇与胆石症相关的单核苷酸多态性数据来自open gwas公共数据库,对基于全基因组相关联研究(GWAS)的所有汇总数据进行二次数据分析,分别选择与总胆固醇或者胆石症密切关联的遗传位点作为暴露或者结局变量,用Egger回归法、加权中位数法、IVW随机效应模型、IVW固定效应模型等方法进行双向孟德尔随机化分析,以OR值评价总胆固醇和胆石症之间的因果关系。结果 以总胆固醇为暴露、胆石症为结局,去除异质性前总胆固醇-胆石症的总体OR=0.91,95%CI:0.85~0.97;去除异质性后总胆固醇-胆石症的总体OR=0.93,95%CI:0.89~0.97。以胆石症为暴露、总胆固醇为结局,去除异质性前胆石症-总胆固醇的总体OR=0.20,95%CI:0.06~0.65;去除异质性后胆石症-总胆固醇的总体OR=0.28,95%CI:0.10~0.83。基因预测的总胆固醇和胆石症之间存在双向因果关系。结论 本研究证实了总胆固醇与胆石症之间的双向因果关系,随着遗传上有关能使总胆固醇水平升高的等位基因的增加,发生胆石症的风险降低。反之,随着遗传上有关能使胆石症发病增高的等位基因的增加,总胆固醇水平升高的风险降低。

基于衰弱评估的预康复策略在老年胆石症患者外科治疗中的应用效果

目的 探讨基于衰弱评估的预康复策略在老年胆石症患者外科治疗中的应用效果。方法 采用目的抽样法,选取2022年5月—2022年9月湖南省人民医院门诊诊断为胆石症拟行择期手术的66例患者作为研究对象,随机分为对照组和实验组,每组33例。对照组接受常规的围手术期准备;实验组在对照组的基础上,实施预康复策略。比较两组干预前后的预康复相关指标和围手术期指标。结果 两组患者性别比例、年龄、文化程度、体质量指数、FRAIL量表、6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)、营养风险筛查量表评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患者入院当天、术前24 h、术后5 d、术后30 d的FRAIL量表比较,结果:(1)不同时间点的FRAIL量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)两组患者FRAIL量表评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05),实验组较对照组低,效果较好;(3)两组患者FRAIL量表评分变化趋势比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。两组患者入院当天、术前24 h、术后5 d的白蛋白(Alb)、6MWD和HADS评分比较,结果:(1)不同时间点的Alb、6MWD和HADS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)两组患者Alb、6MWD和HADS评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);实验组Alb、6MWD较对照组高,HADS评分较对照组低,实验组效果较好;(3)两组患者Alb、6MWD和HADS评分变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。实验组首次下床活动时间、住院时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。两组患者围手术期未发生并发症和病死情况。结论 在老年胆石症患者中应用基于衰弱评估的预康复策略,可有效改善患者衰弱、运动、营养、心理状态,提高患者的生活质量,促进患者快速康复。

无线便携式腔镜在胆总管切开取石术中的应用

目的探究无线便携式腔镜在胆总管切开取石术中的应用效果。方法对2023年6月至11月期间78例在武警安徽总队医院普外科接受胆总管切开取石术的胆石症患者进行回顾性分析,根据术中所采用设备的差异,分为无线腔镜组和传统有线腔镜组,各39例。比较两组的围手术期指标、扶镜者疲劳度评分、血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素1β(IL-1β)和C反应蛋白(CRP)等。结果所有手术均成功完成,观察组和对照组在手术时间、失血量、手术难度评分、术后引流管留置时间、住院时间、术后并发症和患者疼痛视觉模拟量评分等均无显著差异(P>0.05),两组间术前准备时间和扶镜者疲劳度评分差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组治疗后血清TNF-α和IL-1β的水平无显著差异(P>0.05),但两组治疗后血清CRP的水平差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论无线腔镜较有线腹腔镜在手术效果等方面没有差异,但能缩短术前准备时间、减轻扶镜者疲劳度、减少线缆对术者的羁、提高手术操作便携性。其优化了手术效率,更有利于未来在野外环境进行手术救治。

化石利胆汤对胆囊切除术后综合征患者的影响

目的:探讨化石利胆汤对胆囊切除术后综合征患者的影响。方法:选取2017年6月—2019年6月黄梅县人民医院90例胆囊切除术后综合征患者作为研究对象,按随机数表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组采用常规治疗,观察组则在常规治疗的基础上加用化石利胆汤治疗,两组均治疗1周。比较两组胃肠功能、中医症候积分、血清胆囊收缩素A型受体(CCK-A)、血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平及并发症发生情况。结果:观察组首次排气排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次进食时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组症状、舌象、脉象积分低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组治疗后5 d、10 d血清CCK-A、VIP水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组黄疸及并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:胆囊切除术后综合征患者应用化石利胆汤有助于胃肠功能快速恢复,改善中医症候积分,促进血清CCK-A、VIP水平回升,降低黄疸及并发症总发生率。

吲哚菁绿荧光导航双镜联合经胆囊管探查胆总管的临床研究

目的:比较吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术与传统腹腔镜胆总管探查取石+T管引流术的临床疗效。方法:收集2021年10月至2022年11月为31例患者行吲哚菁绿荧光腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查取石术(ICG组)与46例患者行传统腹腔镜胆总管探查取石+T管引流术(传统组)的临床资料,对比分析两组围术期临床资料及并发症情况。结果:手术均顺利完成,无中转开腹。两组手术时间、术后进食时间、腹腔引流时间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);ICG组术中出血量、住院时间及住院总花费均少于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后两组均未发生出血、感染及胆漏等并发症。结论:在严格把握手术适应证的前提下,吲哚菁绿荧光导航双镜联合经胆囊管胆总管探查术治疗胆总管结石效果满意,应用前景良好。

高血压与胆石症风险的关联性研究

目的通过开展一项全国多中心研究及一项系统综述和Meta分析,全面研究高血压与胆石症(GSD)患病风险的关联性。方法研究分为3个阶段:第1阶段,于2015—2020年在成都、天津、北京和重庆地区共4个中心招募参与健康检查的研究对象。使用多因素Logistic回归分析研究不同中心高血压与GSD患病风险的相关性;第2阶段,系统检索Embase、PubMed、万方、维普和中国知网数据库中2021年5月之前发表的相关研究文献,并通过Meta分析以进一步验证这种关联性;第3阶段,采用随机效应模型对多中心横断面研究结果与既往文献结果进行合并分析。结果横断面研究共招募633948例受试者,GSD的患病率为7.844%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高血压与GSD患病风险呈正相关(P<0.05)。亚组分析结果显示高血压与GSD的关联在性别、年龄和胆结石亚型中无明显差异。系统综述和Meta分析最终纳入了80篇文献,结果表明每升高10 mmHg的舒张压和收缩压,GSD风险分别增加1.022倍和1.014倍。结论高血压显著增加GSD的患病风险,本研究结果将为探讨GSD的病因学和识别高危人群提供基础。

肠道菌群在胆石症及其防治中作用的研究进展

胆囊的功能为浓缩和储存胆汁,其主要成分胆汁酸的前体为胆固醇,胆固醇分泌过多或胆汁酸合成减少将导致胆固醇过饱和,形成胆石。近来发现胆石症患者存在肠道菌群失调,而肠道菌群参与胆汁酸代谢,因此其与胆石症的关系已引起广泛关注。本文讨论了肠道菌群及其代谢产物对胆石症的影响,以及以调整肠道菌群为靶点防治胆石症的方法。

腹腔镜胆囊切除术治疗慢性胆囊炎患者预防应用抗菌药物合理性分析

目的了解腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)治疗胆石症引起的慢性胆囊炎患者围手术期预防应用抗菌药物的合理性。方法回顾性选取我院2022年1月至2023年1月收治的166例行LC治疗的胆石症引起的慢性胆囊炎患者作为研究对象,调查其围术期预防性应用抗菌药物情况,并分析抗菌药物在品种选择、用药疗程、给药时机等方面的合理性。结果品种选择:166例患者应用的抗菌药物品种较多:头孢替安152例(91.6%)、依诺沙星5例(3.0%)、头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠4例(2.4%)、头孢他啶2例(1.2%)、左氧氟沙星氯化钠1例(0.6%)。除3例为二联用药外,163例(98.2%)均为单一用药,且91.6%单用注射用盐酸头孢替安。用药时机:除2例为术前0.5~1 h用药外,164例(98.8%)患者均为术后用药,无术中用药。用药疗程:术后用药时长以<24 h为主(159例,95.8%),2例(1.2%)用药时长为24~48 h,5例(3.0%)用药时长为48~72 h,1例(0.6%)用药时长≥72 h。合理性评价:166例患者在联合用药(164例,98.8%)、给药途径(166例,100%)、用法用量(166例,100%)及用药疗程(159例,95.8%)的合理性较高,给药时机的合理性最低(2例,1.2%),用药指征合理性偏低,为74.1%(123例),药物选择方面的合理性为89.1%(148例),整体用药合理率为79.86%(928例)。25例(15.1%)患者发生消化道相关症状的近期并发症,包括腹痛腹胀(8例,4.8%)、腹泻(10例,6.0%)、恶心呕吐(7例,4.2%)。有并发症与无并发症患者在用药指征、药物选择、给药时机、联合用药、给药途径、用法用量、用药疗程方面的用药合理性对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论我院胆石症引起的慢性胆囊炎患者在LC围术期预防性应用抗菌药物总体较为合理,但仍然存在用药时机不当、无适应证用药、抗菌药物选用不合理等问题。

疏肝利胆汤辅助治疗对老年胆囊炎胆石症患者术后康复及血清细胞因子的影响

目的:研究疏肝利胆汤对老年胆囊炎胆石症患者术后康复及对血清细胞因子的影响。方法:以我院进行胆道镜取石术治疗的70例老年胆囊炎胆石症患者(2019年1月~2022年12月)。随机将患者分为对照组、研究组,各35例。对照组采用熊去氧胆酸片治疗,研究组采用疏肝利胆汤辅助治疗。分析比较两组治疗4 w后临床疗效、中医证候积分、采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子(Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,TNF-α)、高迁移率族蛋白B1(High mobility group box 1 protein,HMGB1)水平,采用清蛋白一钴结合法检测缺血修饰白蛋白(Ischemia modified albumin,IMA)水平。结果:研究组临床总有效率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后研究组术后排气时间、术后排便时间、疼痛缓解时间、白细胞恢复时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,研究组中医证候积分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组血清CRP、TNF-α、IMA、HMGB1水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:疏肝利胆汤辅助治疗老年胆囊炎胆石症术后患者疗效显著,可有效提升术后恢复情况,缓解临床症状,促进病情恢复。