Alzheimer's disease,the primary cause of dementia,is characterized by neuropathologies,such as amyloid plaques,synaptic and neuronal degeneration,and neurofibrillary tangles.Although amyloid plaques are the primar...Alzheimer's disease,the primary cause of dementia,is characterized by neuropathologies,such as amyloid plaques,synaptic and neuronal degeneration,and neurofibrillary tangles.Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs,targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment.Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease.The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism,playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.Notably,impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism.Furthermore,we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illus...BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illustrate the role of caveolin-1(cav1)and the scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)in NAFLD.METHODS:Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet or high fat and cholesterol(HFC)diet for 14 weeks.The mice were sacrificed to collect plasma and harvest the liver;their plasma lipid concentration was measured.Hepatic cav1and SR-B1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blotting,respectively.In order to study cav1 and SR-B1distribution and change in hepatocytes,immunohistochemical analysis was performed.RESULTS:HFC diet increased plasma lipids,induced NAFLD and increased the liver/body weight ratio.Compared to the control mice(n=6),the mRNA and protein levels of cav1 and SR-B1 in liver tissue of the NAFLD mice(n=12)increased significantly(cav1 mRNA:1.536±0.226 vs 0.980±0.272,P【0.05;protein:0.643±0.240 vs 0.100±0.130,P【0.01;SR-B1 mRNA:1.377±0.125 vs 0.956±0.151,P【0.01;protein:2.156±0.507vs 0.211±0.211,P【0.01).Furthermore,both cav1 and SR-B1immunoreactivity increased and their distribution was also changed,mainly in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes,cytoplasm and membrane of lipid droplets and around.CONCLUSION:NAFLD is associated with increased concentration of plasma lipids and upregulation of hepatic cav1 and SR-B1 gene and protein expressions,which indicate that cav1 and SR-B1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.展开更多
目的研究胆囊胆固醇结石患者肝脏的核受体基因:肝脏X受体α(liver X receptor α,LXRα)、法尼醇受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、人类固醇异生物受体(steroid xenobiotic receptor,SXR)及肝受体同类物1(liver receptor homolog 1,LRH...目的研究胆囊胆固醇结石患者肝脏的核受体基因:肝脏X受体α(liver X receptor α,LXRα)、法尼醇受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、人类固醇异生物受体(steroid xenobiotic receptor,SXR)及肝受体同类物1(liver receptor homolog 1,LRH-1)的表达,探讨胆固醇结石病的发病机理。方法27例胆囊胆固醇结石患者(胆石组),男6例,女21例,平均年龄(52.44±1.92)岁。10例无胆石症的胆囊息肉患者为对照(对照组),男6例,女4例,平均年龄(47.10±2.73)岁。测定胆石胆固醇成分及血清脂类成分:总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-ch)、载脂蛋白(Apo)B和ApoA1和胆汁脂类成分(胆固醇、磷脂和胆汁酸),并计算胆汁总脂和胆汁胆固醇饱和指数。实时定量PCR法测定肝脏LRH-1、FXR、SXR及LXRα基因的表达量。结果胆石组血清中HDL-ch浓度明显低于对照组〔(0.93±0.05)mmol/L vs(1.33±0.09)mmol/L〕,P<0.001;ApoA1浓度也低于对照组〔(1.19±0.05)g/L vs(1.36±0.06)g/L〕,P<0.05;血清ApoB、TC和TG2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胆石组胆汁呈胆固醇过饱和(胆固醇过饱和指数:1.17±0.02 vs 0.79±0.10,P<0.001);胆汁胆固醇摩尔百分比浓度较对照组升高〔(7.96±0.39)mol% vs(5.26±0.89)mol%〕,P<0.01;胆汁总脂较对照组明显下降〔(104.72±10.51)g/L vs(154.24±14.20)g/L〕,P<0.05;胆汁中胆汁酸和磷脂成分2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胆石组LRH-1表达高于对照组(14.18±1.80 vs 7.22±2.22),P<0.05,LXRα、FXR和SXR表达2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论人类肝脏LRH-1的表达增高与胆囊胆固醇结石形成有关。展开更多
目的通过胆固醇结石（GS）小鼠肝脏的核受体基因—肝核受体类似物1（1iver receptor homolog 1,LRH-1）、法尼醇受体（farnesoid X receptor,FXR）、类固醇受体（steroid X receptor,SXR）的表达,探讨与胆固醇结石形成关系.方法 C57BL/...目的通过胆固醇结石（GS）小鼠肝脏的核受体基因—肝核受体类似物1（1iver receptor homolog 1,LRH-1）、法尼醇受体（farnesoid X receptor,FXR）、类固醇受体（steroid X receptor,SXR）的表达,探讨与胆固醇结石形成关系.方法 C57BL/6雌性小鼠40只,平均出生后10周,重量28-35g,20只一组分为两组,一组予以正常饮食另一组予以高脂饮食喂养,均8周后处死.病理切片检查胆囊壁细胞组织学改变,并分别采用实时定量RT-PCR法和Western Blot法测定肝脏LRH-I、FXR、SXR的mRNA表达.结果胆固醇结石小鼠胆囊壁细胞呈现炎性改变,LRH-I的mRNA表达均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,FXR、SXR的mRNA表达两组差异无统计学意义.结论啮齿动物肝脏LRH-1基因的表达异常与胆固醇结石形成有关,FXR、SXR基因的表达与胆固醇结石形成可能无关.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2022RC1220(to WP)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M711733(to ZZ)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82160920(to ZZ)Hebei Postdoctoral Scientific Research Project,No.B2022003040(to ZZ)Hunan Flagship Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine(to WP)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease,the primary cause of dementia,is characterized by neuropathologies,such as amyloid plaques,synaptic and neuronal degeneration,and neurofibrillary tangles.Although amyloid plaques are the primary characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the central nervous system and peripheral organs,targeting amyloid-beta clearance in the central nervous system has shown limited clinical efficacy in Alzheimer's disease treatment.Metabolic abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease.The liver is the primary peripheral organ involved in amyloid-beta metabolism,playing a crucial role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.Notably,impaired cholesterol metabolism in the liver may exacerbate the development of Alzheimer's disease.In this review,we explore the underlying causes of Alzheimer's disease and elucidate the role of the liver in amyloid-beta clearance and cholesterol metabolism.Furthermore,we propose that restoring normal cholesterol metabolism in the liver could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing Alzheimer's disease.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(491010-N11026)
文摘BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is one of the most frequent causes of liver diseases,with markedly increased prevalence.However,its mechanisms are not clear.The present study was undertaken to illustrate the role of caveolin-1(cav1)and the scavenger receptor class B type 1(SR-B1)in NAFLD.METHODS:Adult male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a normal diet or high fat and cholesterol(HFC)diet for 14 weeks.The mice were sacrificed to collect plasma and harvest the liver;their plasma lipid concentration was measured.Hepatic cav1and SR-B1 mRNA and protein expression were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and Western blotting,respectively.In order to study cav1 and SR-B1distribution and change in hepatocytes,immunohistochemical analysis was performed.RESULTS:HFC diet increased plasma lipids,induced NAFLD and increased the liver/body weight ratio.Compared to the control mice(n=6),the mRNA and protein levels of cav1 and SR-B1 in liver tissue of the NAFLD mice(n=12)increased significantly(cav1 mRNA:1.536±0.226 vs 0.980±0.272,P【0.05;protein:0.643±0.240 vs 0.100±0.130,P【0.01;SR-B1 mRNA:1.377±0.125 vs 0.956±0.151,P【0.01;protein:2.156±0.507vs 0.211±0.211,P【0.01).Furthermore,both cav1 and SR-B1immunoreactivity increased and their distribution was also changed,mainly in the plasma membrane of hepatocytes,cytoplasm and membrane of lipid droplets and around.CONCLUSION:NAFLD is associated with increased concentration of plasma lipids and upregulation of hepatic cav1 and SR-B1 gene and protein expressions,which indicate that cav1 and SR-B1 might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
文摘目的:探讨胆固醇结石(GS)小鼠肝脏的核受体基因——肝核受体类似物1(liver receptor homolog 1,LRH-1)及其调控基因胆固醇7α-羟化酶(cholesterol 7-αhydroxylase,CYP7A1)的表达。方法:雌性C57BL/6小鼠40只,分为2组,每组20只,分别予以正常饮食、高脂饮食喂养10周后处死。病理切片检查小鼠胆囊壁细胞组织学改变,实时定量PCR法测定肝脏LRH-1及CYP7A1表达量。Western Blot方法测定肝脏上述基因蛋白的表达量。结果:胆结石小鼠胆囊壁细胞呈现炎性改变。胆石组小鼠LRH-1 m RNA及蛋白表达均高于对照组(P<0.01),CYP7A1 m RNA及蛋白表达量较对照组升高(P<0.01)。结论:啮齿动物肝脏LRH-1和CYP7A1的表达异常与胆囊胆固醇结石形成有关,可能共同在小鼠胆结石形成中发挥作用。
文摘目的研究胆囊胆固醇结石患者肝脏的核受体基因:肝脏X受体α(liver X receptor α,LXRα)、法尼醇受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)、人类固醇异生物受体(steroid xenobiotic receptor,SXR)及肝受体同类物1(liver receptor homolog 1,LRH-1)的表达,探讨胆固醇结石病的发病机理。方法27例胆囊胆固醇结石患者(胆石组),男6例,女21例,平均年龄(52.44±1.92)岁。10例无胆石症的胆囊息肉患者为对照(对照组),男6例,女4例,平均年龄(47.10±2.73)岁。测定胆石胆固醇成分及血清脂类成分:总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-ch)、载脂蛋白(Apo)B和ApoA1和胆汁脂类成分(胆固醇、磷脂和胆汁酸),并计算胆汁总脂和胆汁胆固醇饱和指数。实时定量PCR法测定肝脏LRH-1、FXR、SXR及LXRα基因的表达量。结果胆石组血清中HDL-ch浓度明显低于对照组〔(0.93±0.05)mmol/L vs(1.33±0.09)mmol/L〕,P<0.001;ApoA1浓度也低于对照组〔(1.19±0.05)g/L vs(1.36±0.06)g/L〕,P<0.05;血清ApoB、TC和TG2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胆石组胆汁呈胆固醇过饱和(胆固醇过饱和指数:1.17±0.02 vs 0.79±0.10,P<0.001);胆汁胆固醇摩尔百分比浓度较对照组升高〔(7.96±0.39)mol% vs(5.26±0.89)mol%〕,P<0.01;胆汁总脂较对照组明显下降〔(104.72±10.51)g/L vs(154.24±14.20)g/L〕,P<0.05;胆汁中胆汁酸和磷脂成分2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胆石组LRH-1表达高于对照组(14.18±1.80 vs 7.22±2.22),P<0.05,LXRα、FXR和SXR表达2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论人类肝脏LRH-1的表达增高与胆囊胆固醇结石形成有关。
文摘目的通过胆固醇结石（GS）小鼠肝脏的核受体基因—肝核受体类似物1（1iver receptor homolog 1,LRH-1）、法尼醇受体（farnesoid X receptor,FXR）、类固醇受体（steroid X receptor,SXR）的表达,探讨与胆固醇结石形成关系.方法 C57BL/6雌性小鼠40只,平均出生后10周,重量28-35g,20只一组分为两组,一组予以正常饮食另一组予以高脂饮食喂养,均8周后处死.病理切片检查胆囊壁细胞组织学改变,并分别采用实时定量RT-PCR法和Western Blot法测定肝脏LRH-I、FXR、SXR的mRNA表达.结果胆固醇结石小鼠胆囊壁细胞呈现炎性改变,LRH-I的mRNA表达均高于对照组（P〈0.01）,FXR、SXR的mRNA表达两组差异无统计学意义.结论啮齿动物肝脏LRH-1基因的表达异常与胆固醇结石形成有关,FXR、SXR基因的表达与胆固醇结石形成可能无关.
