MET receptor tyrosine kinase promotes the generation of functional synapses in adult cortical circuits

Loss of synapse and functional connectivity in brain circuits is associated with aging and neurodegeneration,however,few molecular mechanisms are known to intrinsically promote synaptogenesis or enhance synapse function.We have previously shown that MET receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing cortical circuits promotes dendritic growth and dendritic spine morphogenesis.To investigate whether enhancing MET in adult cortex has synapse regenerating potential,we created a knockin mouse line,in which the human MET gene expression and signaling can be turned on in adult(10–12 months)cortical neurons through doxycycline-containing chow.We found that similar to the developing brain,turning on MET signaling in the adult cortex activates small GTPases and increases spine density in prefrontal projection neurons.These findings are further corroborated by increased synaptic activity and transient generation of immature silent synapses.Prolonged MET signaling resulted in an increasedα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/N-methyl-Daspartate(AMPA/NMDA)receptor current ratio,indicative of enhanced synaptic function and connectivity.Our data reveal that enhancing MET signaling could be an interventional approach to promote synaptogenesis and preserve functional connectivity in the adult brain.These findings may have implications for regenerative therapy in aging and neurodegeneration conditions.

Neuromorphic circuits based on memristors: endowing robots with a human-like brain

Robots are widely used,providing significant convenience in daily life and production.With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing in recent years,the realization of more intelligent robots through a pro-found intersection of neuroscience and robotics has received much attention.Neuromorphic circuits based on memristors used to construct hardware neural networks have proved to be a promising solution of shattering traditional control limita-tions in the field of robot control,showcasing characteristics that enhance robot intelligence,speed,and energy efficiency.Start-ing with introducing the working mechanism of memristors and peripheral circuit design,this review gives a comprehensive analysis on the biomimetic information processing and biomimetic driving operations achieved through the utilization of neuro-morphic circuits in brain-like control.Four hardware neural network approaches,including digital-analog hybrid circuit design,novel device structure design,multi-regulation mechanism,and crossbar array,are summarized,which can well simulate the motor decision-making mechanism,multi-information integration and parallel control of brain at the hardware level.It will be definitely conductive to promote the application of memristor-based neuromorphic circuits in areas such as intelligent robotics,artificial intelligence,and neural computing.Finally,a conclusion and future prospects are discussed.

Pixelated non-volatile programmable photonic integrated circuits with 20-level intermediate states

Multi-level programmable photonic integrated circuits(PICs)and optical metasurfaces have gained widespread attention in many fields,such as neuromorphic photonics,opticalcommunications,and quantum information.In this paper,we propose pixelated programmable Si_(3)N_(4)PICs with record-high 20-level intermediate states at 785 nm wavelength.Such flexibility in phase or amplitude modulation is achieved by a programmable Sb_(2)S_(3)matrix,the footprint of whose elements can be as small as 1.2μm,limited only by the optical diffraction limit of anin-house developed pulsed laser writing system.We believe our work lays the foundation for laser-writing ultra-high-level(20 levels and even more)programmable photonic systems and metasurfaces based on phase change materials,which could catalyze diverse applications such as programmable neuromorphic photonics,biosensing,optical computing,photonic quantum computing,and reconfigurable metasurfaces.

Digitalized analog integrated circuits

Digital integrated circuits have significantly benefited from technology scaling down,while conventional analog integrated circuits suffer from more design constraints.In recent years,there has been strong research interest in replacing conventional analog blocks with digitally-friendly and digitally-intensive alternatives,while signif-icant progress has been made.This paper reviews the existing digitalized analog integrated circuits,including amplifiers,analog-to-digital converters,phase-locked loops,and power supplies.Based on the review,the future development trends of the digitalized analog integrated circuits are derived.

A Novel Framework to Construct S-Box Quantum Circuits Using System Modeling: Application to 4-Bit S-Boxes

Quantum computers accelerate many algorithms based on the superposition principle of quantum mechanics.The Grover algorithm provides significant performance to malicious users attacking symmetric key systems.Since the performance of attacks using quantum computers depends on the efficiency of the quantum circuit of the encryption algorithms,research research on the implementation of quantum circuits is essential.This paper presents a new framework to construct quantum circuits of substitution boxes(S-boxes)using system modeling.We model the quantum circuits of S-boxes using two layers:Toffoli and linear layers.We generate vector spaces based on the values of qubits used in the linear layers and apply them to find quantum circuits.The framework finds the circuit bymatching elements of vector spaces generated fromthe input and output of a given S-box,using the forward search or themeet-in-the-middle strategy.We developed a tool to apply this framework to 4-bit S-boxes.While the 4-bit S-box quantum circuit construction tool LIGHTER-R only finds circuits that can be implemented with four qubits,the proposed tool achieves the circuits with five qubits.The proposed tool can find quantum circuits of 4-bit odd permutations based on the controlled NOT,NOT,and Toffoli gates,whereas LIGHTER-R is unable to perform this task in the same environment.We expect this technique to become a critical step toward optimizing S-box quantum circuits.

Nullors, and Nullor Circuits;There Applications in Symbolic Circuit Analysis and Design

The objective in this presentation is to introduce some of the unique properties and applications of nullors in active circuit analysis and designs. The emphasis is to discuss the role nullors can play in symbolic representation of transfer functions. To show this we adopt the topological platform for the circuit analysis and use a recently developed Admittance Method (AM) to achieve the Sum of Tree Products (STP), replacing the determinant and cofactors of the Nodal Admittance Matrix (NAM) of the circuit. To construct a transfer function, we start with a given active circuit and convert all its controlled sources and I/O-ports to nullors. Now, with a solid nullor circuit (passive elements and nullors) we first eliminate the passive elements through AM operations. This produces the STPs. Second, the all-nullor circuit is then used to find the signs or the STPs. Finally, the transfer function (in symbolic, if chosen) is obtained from the ratio between the STPs.

Interplay between topology and localization on superconducting circuits

Topological insulators occupy a prominent position in the realm of condensed matter physics. Nevertheless, the presence of strong disorder has the potential to disrupt the integrity of topological states, leading to the localization of all states.This study delves into the intricate interplay between topology and localization within the one-dimensional Su–Schrieffer–Heeger(SSH) model, which incorporates controllable off-diagonal quasi-periodic modulations on superconducting circuits.Through the application of external alternating current(ac) magnetic fluxes, each transmon undergoes controlled driving,enabling independent tuning of all coupling strengths. Within a framework of this model, we construct comprehensive phase diagrams delineating regions characterized by extended topologically nontrivial states, critical localization, and coexisting topological and critical localization phases. The paper also addresses the dynamics of qubit excitations, elucidating distinct quantum state transfers resulting from the intricate interplay between topology and localization. Additionally, we propose a method for detecting diverse quantum phases utilizing existing experimental setups.

In-situ deposited anti-aging TiN capping layer for Nb superconducting quantum circuits

The performance of Nb superconducting quantum devices is predominantly limited by dielectric loss at the metal–air interface,where Nb2O5 is considered the main loss source.Here,we suppress the formation of native oxides by in-situ deposition of a TiN capping layer on the Nb film.With TiN capping layers,no Nb2O5 forms on the surface of the Nb film.The quality factor Qi of the Nb resonator increases from 5.6×10^(5) to 7.9×10^(5) at low input power and from 6.8×10^(6) to 1.1×10^(7)at high input power.Furthermore,the TiN capping layer also shows good aging resistance in Nb resonator devices,with no significant performance fluctuations after one month of aging.These findings highlight the effectiveness of TiN capping layers in enhancing the performance and longevity of Nb superconducting quantum devices.

Correction of microwave pulse reflection by digital filters in superconducting quantum circuits

Reducing the control error is vital for high-fidelity digital and analog quantum operations.In superconducting circuits,one disagreeable error arises from the reflection of microwave signals due to impedance mismatch in the control chain.Here,we demonstrate a reflection cancelation method when considering that there are two reflection nodes on the control line.We propose to generate the pre-distortion pulse by passing the envelopes of the microwave signal through digital filters,which enables real-time reflection correction when integrated into the field-programmable gate array(FPGA).We achieve a reduction of single-qubit gate infidelity from 0.67%to 0.11%after eliminating microwave reflection.Real-time correction of microwave reflection paves the way for precise control and manipulation of the qubit state and would ultimately enhance the performance of algorithms and simulations executed on quantum processors.

2024 IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits,Technologies and Applications

October 25-27(Fri-Sun),2024 Hangzhou杭州,Hangzhou,China Call for Papers The 7th IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits,Technologies and Applications(ICTA 2024),will be held on October 25-27,2024 in Hangzhou,China.This conference will be held in China to provide an international forum according to IEEE standard for the presentation and exchange of the latest technical achievements and cross-discipline fertilization of IC designs,technologies,and applications in our fast-changing society.This year's theme is“Chiplet and Future IDM”.

Design of Cold-Junction Compensation and Disconnection Detection Circuits of Various Thermocouples and Implementation of Multi-Channel Interfaces Using Them-A Secondary Publication

Cold-junction compensation(CJC)and disconnection detection circuit design of various thermocouples(TC)and multi-channel TC interface circuits were designed.The CJC and disconnection detection circuit consists of a CJC semiconductor device,an instrumentation amplifier(IA),two resistors,and a diode for disconnection detection.Based on the basic circuit,a multi-channel interface circuit was also implemented.The CJC was implemented using compensation semiconductor and IA,and disconnection detection was detected by using two resistors and a diode so that IA input voltage became-0.42 V.As a result of the experiment using R-type TC,the error of the designed circuit was reduced from 0.14 mV to 3μV after CJC in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.In addition,it was confirmed that the output voltage of IA was saturated from 88 mV to-14.2 V when TC was disconnected from normal.The output voltage of the designed circuit was 0 V to 10 V in the temperature range of 0°C to 1400°C.The results of the 4-channel interface experiment using R-type TC were almost identical to the CJC and disconnection detection results for each channel.The implemented multi-channel interface has a feature that can be applied equally to E,J,K,T,R,and S-type TCs by changing the terminals of CJC semiconductor devices and adjusting the IA gain.

短路累积效应对绕组磁-力特征影响试验研究

为探究变压器绕组在多次短路冲击下逐渐劣化过程,开展了110 kV真型变压器短时多次短路冲击试验,测量了短路试验过程中的漏磁、振动加速度实时波形以及试验后绕组轴向压力稳态值及电抗变化率,提取了漏磁、振动频谱特征,获得了各项物理量随短路电流强度、短路次数下的变化趋势。结果表明:多次短路冲击会使变压器绕组产生累积效应,累积效应影响程度与冲击次数和冲击强度有关;在累积效应作用下,磁场信号会由于绕组形变程度低或测点距离形变处较远而变化不明显,但振动加速度的频谱熵、Pearson相关系数的变化可以良好反映绕组的机械状态改变。因此监测变压器振动信号并分析其频谱是评估短路累积效应影响、绕组形变诊断的可靠手段。

智能变电站继电保护二次虚回路失效风险动态识别技术

继电保护二次虚回路出现失效风险,会给保护功能造成隐患,影响继电保护系统安全可靠运行。为了解决该问题,提出虚回路失效风险动态识别技术,系统性预警虚回路失效风险,及时发现虚回路故障。首先,通过分析虚回路对象,梳理虚回路显性缺陷和隐性缺陷,构建二次虚回路失效风险预警技术架构。关键技术包含二次回路链路故障识别和二次回路功能故障识别。对于二次回路链路故障识别,通过装置断链告警处理、端口光功率分析、光纤损耗评估等技术监测端口,并通过判据监测异常报文。对于二次回路功能故障识别,监测保护功能有关的跳合闸回路、检修压板状态、虚回路软压板状态。最后,通过智能录波器的技术应用,验证该技术可行、方法正确。该技术为继电保护智能运维在虚回路失效风险方面提供助力,具备很好的实用价值。

基于同源录波数据比对的继电保护采样回路异常检测方法

处于改建阶段的智能变电站采样模式复杂,继电保护装置难以发现采样回路轻微异常,导致回路隐患暴露时间严重滞后。针对上述问题,分析改建时期智能变电站的采样模式和二次设备配置情况,提出基于同源录波数据比对的继电保护采样回路异常检测方法。首先,利用双向编码器表征(bidirectional encoder representations from transformers,BERT)语言模型与余弦相似度算法,实现同源录波数据的通道匹配。然后,利用重采样技术和曼哈顿距离完成波形的采样频率统一与时域对齐。最后,基于动态时间规整(dynamic time warping,DTW)算法提出改进算法,并结合采样点偏移量共同设置采样回路的异常判据。算例分析表明,该方法可以完成录波数据的同源通道匹配,实现波形的一致性对齐,并且相比于传统DTW算法,改进DTW算法对异常状态识别的灵敏性和准确性更高。根据异常判据能够有效检测继电保护采样回路的异常状态,确保了智能变电站的安全可靠运行。

不平衡电压下励磁绕组匝间短路对同步调相机磁场及转子振动特性的影响

随着新一代同步调相机的大量使用,调相机的安全性问题日益突出。励磁绕组匝间短路是一种常见的故障,直接影响到调相机的正常工作。本文以电网电压不平衡状态下调相机发生励磁绕组匝间短路的故障特征分析为目标,建立了电网电压平衡状态下调相机正常运行与发生励磁绕组匝间短路故障、不平衡电压下调相机未发生故障以及发生励磁绕组匝间短路故障四种工况下气隙磁通密度、转子不平衡磁拉力的统一数学表征,分析了不同工况下调相机的转子振动特性,并从谐波含量、谐波幅值等多方面进行了对比分析,揭示了调相机故障机理。基于某场站TTS-300-2型新型同步调相机建立了四种工况下的有限元仿真模型,并在动态模拟实验室中,以MJF-30-6型故障模拟同步电机模拟调相机运行进行了实验验证。结果表明,在不平衡电压下发生故障时气隙磁通密度产生衰减,转子不平衡磁拉力出现三次谐波分量。通过仿真分析与实验验证,理论研究成果的准确性得到了充分证实,为调相机故障诊断工作奠定了坚实的理论基础。

基于RLC串联谐振电路实验的探究式实验教学研究

RLC串联谐振实验是电路实验中的基本实验内容。在实验过程中发现,谐振时电阻电压的实际测量值与理论值之间有误差。通过探究误差产生的原因,引出对电感交流电阻频率特性的研究。经实验方法、仪器测量法比较,从电磁场的角度进行了理论计算和建模仿真。这一发现问题、提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的探究式实验教学过程,提高了学生的学习兴趣,培养了创新能力和研究能力,是对大学验证实验向探究式综合实验转换的有益尝试。

基于Patches-CNN的模拟电路故障诊断

深度学习在故障诊断中应用广泛,但目前基于深度学习的模拟电路故障诊断模型复杂度较高,难以在边缘设备上部署。针对该问题,为了进一步提高故障诊断精度,提出了一种简单且轻量化的Patches-CNN模拟电路故障诊断深度学习模型。首先,将输入的图像分割成patches,并通过Patches Embedding算子转换为词向量(tokens),作为ViT风格的同质结构的输入,利用轻量化算子GSConv进行特征提取和获取token之间的信息,可以有效地提高模型的故障诊断精度。其次,添加层归一化可以防止模型梯度爆炸和加快模型收敛,为了提升模型的非线性,采用GELU激活函数。最后,将Sallen-Key带通滤波电路和Four-Opamp双二阶高通滤波电路作为实验对象。实验结果表明,该模型可以实现故障的准确分类与定位。

双PWM变流器飞轮系统母线电压LADRC二次控制策略

提出一种基于二阶线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)的飞轮储能系统直流母线电压二次控制策略来应对飞轮储能系统频繁充放电切换带来的母线电压波动问题,其将母线电压及微分值分别视为状态变量,负载功率、参数不确定性等内外干扰视为扩展状态量进行扰动观测器设计。该策略能将工况切换造成电压波动的观测扰动量实时补偿至控制量中,实现扰动补偿。加入二次控制解决LADRC面对非常值扰动会存在稳态误差的问题,保证飞轮储能系统在充放能切换过程中母线电压具备较好的快速响应和抗干扰性能的同时实现无差控制。最后通过仿真验证了所提策略的有效性。

关于“理想电源连接”的理解及验证

提出了利用理想电源存在的条件来解释理想电源的连接问题.并用铜线连接电池的正、负极实验验证电压源被短路.利用电路仿真模拟电流源开路和电源串、并联验证上述结论.对于电路初学者正确理解理想电源的连接有一定帮助.

电路课程科教融合层进式教学设计——以RC振荡器电路为例

针对电路课程基础性和理论性强、概念抽象、不易与实际工程应用相结合等问题,在电路课程教学中采用科教融合的教学方式,以工程应用中的RC振荡器电路为例,在课程教学中开展层进式的教学设计。根据学生层次和实际教学条件,有选择地要求学生完成查阅资料、理论分析、仿真验证、电路搭建和调试等任务,帮助其加深对电路理论知识和实际应用的理解,同时激发学习兴趣,培养科研思维和创新能力。