DON’T Place Chopsticks Unevenly Chinese people regard it as inauspicious to place a pair of chopsticks unevenly on the table before,during or after a meal.They call it"san chang liang duan",or"three lo...DON’T Place Chopsticks Unevenly Chinese people regard it as inauspicious to place a pair of chopsticks unevenly on the table before,during or after a meal.They call it"san chang liang duan",or"three long and two short",which indicates death.According to traditional Chinese customs,dead bodies were placed in coffins in the past.展开更多
In modern society,food communication is one of the most important communication methods.Among all kinds of communication methods,knife-and-fork and chopsticks as tableware also play an important role in global culture...In modern society,food communication is one of the most important communication methods.Among all kinds of communication methods,knife-and-fork and chopsticks as tableware also play an important role in global culture.By study the differences between knife-and-fork and chopsticks,you can know about the differences between western food culture and Chinese food culture.As Chinese old saying goes:“Food is the first thing for people.”People could not exist in the world without food.So,food communication is indispensible.Most of time,people communicate with each other during meals.During a meal,you maybe cause several misunderstandings under the circumstance of knowing nothing about opposite.With these incaution,you may make a bad impression on someone.With the cognition of these cultures,you can grab the important information under presentations,and flexible apply them into global communication,to get to a better performance.This thesis not only gives the introductions of knife-and-fork and chopsticks,but also lists several aspects of the differences between these two cultures.Through compare the two visible different cultures,you can get more information and more respect to western countries and China.This thesis is based on the history of knife-and-fork and chopsticks,different live conditions,different diet concepts and different nation consciousness.展开更多
Hydrogen （H2） production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions, used to deligni...Hydrogen （H2） production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions, used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks （DWC） waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal （41%） was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released （67 mg/gpretreated DWC） in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumed and 1 16 mL Hz/（L.day）, respectively.展开更多
BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may res...BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues.Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management,residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick,and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury.However,the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intraoral bleeding,and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography,emergency surgery was performed.A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation,and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSION The failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.展开更多
Foreign body ingestion is an emergency or acute situation that commonly occurs in children or adults and involves the ingestion of one or more objects. Moreover, once the discovery of swallowed foreign bodies has been...Foreign body ingestion is an emergency or acute situation that commonly occurs in children or adults and involves the ingestion of one or more objects. Moreover, once the discovery of swallowed foreign bodies has been made, families are typically very anxious to have the patient see a doctor. If the foreign object becomes embedded in the digestive tract, it must be removed; in emergencies, this is done by endoscopy or surgery. This case report presents the successful endoscopic retrieval of a chopstick with both sides embedded 4 cm into the esophageal wall for 】 10 mo in a male patient following automutilation in an attempt to be released from a psychiatric hospital. Hot hemostatic forceps were used to open the distal esophageal mucosa in which the chopstick was embedded. The procedure was performed under intravenous general anesthesia and took approximately 7 h.展开更多
文摘DON’T Place Chopsticks Unevenly Chinese people regard it as inauspicious to place a pair of chopsticks unevenly on the table before,during or after a meal.They call it"san chang liang duan",or"three long and two short",which indicates death.According to traditional Chinese customs,dead bodies were placed in coffins in the past.
文摘In modern society,food communication is one of the most important communication methods.Among all kinds of communication methods,knife-and-fork and chopsticks as tableware also play an important role in global culture.By study the differences between knife-and-fork and chopsticks,you can know about the differences between western food culture and Chinese food culture.As Chinese old saying goes:“Food is the first thing for people.”People could not exist in the world without food.So,food communication is indispensible.Most of time,people communicate with each other during meals.During a meal,you maybe cause several misunderstandings under the circumstance of knowing nothing about opposite.With these incaution,you may make a bad impression on someone.With the cognition of these cultures,you can grab the important information under presentations,and flexible apply them into global communication,to get to a better performance.This thesis not only gives the introductions of knife-and-fork and chopsticks,but also lists several aspects of the differences between these two cultures.Through compare the two visible different cultures,you can get more information and more respect to western countries and China.This thesis is based on the history of knife-and-fork and chopsticks,different live conditions,different diet concepts and different nation consciousness.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) (Monbukagakusho Scholarship)MEXT-ARDA under the Asia Core Program (ACP)
文摘Hydrogen （H2） production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions, used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks （DWC） waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal （41%） was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released （67 mg/gpretreated DWC） in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumed and 1 16 mL Hz/（L.day）, respectively.
文摘BACKGROUND An impalement injury of the oral cavity is a common traumatic injury in children.In most cases,it is not accompanied by sequelae,but if foreign body residues are not found due to a minor injury,they may result in inflammatory responses and delayed vascular injuries in the surrounding tissues.Without early diagnosis and appropriate initial management,residual foreign bodies can cause serious complications and even mortality in some cases.CASE SUMMARY A 9-year-old boy suffered an intra-oral injury by a wooden chopstick,and the patient was discharged from the hospital after receiving conservative treatment for the injury.However,the patient was readmitted to the hospital due to intraoral bleeding,and since neck hematoma and right internal carotid artery pseudoaneurysm formation were detected on computed tomography,emergency surgery was performed.A remnant fragment of a wooden chopstick was found during the operation,and a delayed rupture of the internal carotid artery caused by the foreign body was also found.CONCLUSION The failure of early detection and diagnosis of a residual foreign body may result in delayed vascular rupture.
文摘Foreign body ingestion is an emergency or acute situation that commonly occurs in children or adults and involves the ingestion of one or more objects. Moreover, once the discovery of swallowed foreign bodies has been made, families are typically very anxious to have the patient see a doctor. If the foreign object becomes embedded in the digestive tract, it must be removed; in emergencies, this is done by endoscopy or surgery. This case report presents the successful endoscopic retrieval of a chopstick with both sides embedded 4 cm into the esophageal wall for 】 10 mo in a male patient following automutilation in an attempt to be released from a psychiatric hospital. Hot hemostatic forceps were used to open the distal esophageal mucosa in which the chopstick was embedded. The procedure was performed under intravenous general anesthesia and took approximately 7 h.
