Surveillance Report of the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Tinghu District,Yancheng City,2021

Objective:To comprehensively understand the changes and prevalence of major chronic diseases among residents of Tinghu District,Yancheng City,in 2021,and to analyze the trends of the major risk factors for the onset of chronic diseases in the region.Methods:Chronic diseases and their risk factors in Tinghu District in 2021 were monitored among the resident population who had lived in the district for five years or more and were aged 18 years or older.The survey was conducted using random cluster sampling,with 7,130 questionnaires collected.After data processing,7,012 valid questionnaires were obtained,resulting in a qualification rate of 98.35%.Results:Among the chronic diseases reported in the survey population,hypertension had the highest prevalence at 37.61%,followed by dyslipidemia at 37.19%.Other chronic diseases were ranked in order of prevalence from highest to lowest.Regardless of gender,the top three chronic diseases were hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia.Multifactorial regression analysis identified both non-preventable risk factors(such as family history,gender,and age)and preventable risk factors(such as smoking,sedentary behavior,overweight,and obesity)as significant contributors to the major chronic diseases in Tinghu District.Conclusion:Analyzing the trends in the main risk factors for chronic disease incidence in Tinghu District,Yancheng City,provides a basis for developing a new comprehensive chronic disease prevention and control plan to address chronic disease prevention and management.

Research progress of 24-hour movement behaviors in chronic non-communicable disease

Chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)represent a significant impediment to improve life expectancy and remain a focal point in global public health and disease prevention efforts.24-hour movement behaviors,which include sleep,sedentary behavior(SED),and physical activity,underscore the inherent connections between different daily activities and the comprehensive impact of overall movement patterns on health.Evidence suggested that modifying patterns of 24-hour movement behaviors can aid in preventing and attenuating the progression of NCDs.This study systematically delineated the concept,evolution,analytical methods,and intrinsic associations of 24-hour movement behaviors,emphasizing their pivotal role in the prevention and management of NCDs such as obesity,mental disorders,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,and renal diseases.Future research endeavors should focus on refining methodologies,broadening study populations,developing research tools,and exploring precise intervention strategies and interdisciplinary approaches to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of NCDs prevention and management from a temporal perspective.Such efforts are poised to provide substantive guidance and support for public health practices.

Prevalence of Risk Factors for Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases to the National Teaching Hospital “HKM” of Cotonou

Background: In 2008 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were responsible for 63% of deaths worldwide and 80% of these deaths occurred in developing countries. Four of them were responsible for more than 80% of mortality from NCDs, which were cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. They shared the same risk factors. Objective: To determine the prevalence of NCD risk factors in patients admitted to consult in the outpatient unit of the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou. Patients and Methods: This was a transversal, descriptive and analytical study which took place from 15 June 2011 to 16 September 2011. It focused on 1000 subjects found after a recruitment of all patients coming to consult during the study period. The collection technique was a questionnaire followed by physical measures (weight, height, blood pressure and waist) and biological measures (fasting glucose and cholesterol). The data were analyzed with the software Epi-3.3.2 info. Results: The mainly prevalent behavioural risk factors were smoking (10.2%), alcohol consumption (60.3%), insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (84.2%), and physical inactivity (57.6%). The prevalent physical risk factors were hypertension (47.4%), obesity (27.5%), and overweight (35.3%). The prevalent biological risk factors were diabetes (28.5%), and hypercholesterolemia (10.4%). The level of cardiovascular risk was higher than 40% in 81 people (8.1%). Conclusion: This study shows the importance of risk factors for NCDs in outpatient Unit in the National Teaching Hospital of Cotonou.

Targeting mitochondrial phenotypes for non-communicable diseases

The concept that ＂Exercise is Medicine＂ has been challenged by the rising prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases （NCDs）. This is partly due to the fact that the underlying mechanisms of how exercise influences energy homeostasis and counteracts high-fat diets and physical inactivity is complex and remains relatively poorly understood on a molecular level. In addition to genetic polymorphisms in humans that lead to gross variations in responsiveness to exercise, adaptation in mitochondrial networks is central to physical activity, inactivity, and diet. To harness the benefits of exercise for NCDs, much work still needs to be done to improve health effectively on a societal level such as developing personalized exercise interventions aided by advances in high-throughput genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. We propose that understanding the mitochondrial phenotype according to the molecular information of genotypes, lifestyles, and exercise responsiveness in individuals will optimize exercise effects for prevention of NCDs.

Life’s Essential 8 and risk of non-communicable chronic diseases:Outcome-wide analyses

Background:Life’s Simple 7,the former construct of cardiovascular health(CVH)has been used to evaluate adverse non-communicable chronic diseases(NCDs).However,some flaws have been recognized in recent years and Life’s Essential 8 has been established.In this study,we aimed to analyze the association between CVH defined by Life’s Essential 8 and risk of 44 common NCDs and further estimate the population attributable fractions(PAFs)of low-moderate CVH scores in the 44 NCDs.Methods:In the UK Biobank,170,726 participants free of 44 common NCDs at baseline were included.The Life’s Essential 8 composite measure consists of four health behaviours(diet,physical activity,nicotine exposure,and sleep)and four health factors(body mass index,non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol,blood glucose,and blood pressure),and the maximum CVH score was 100 points.CVH score was categorized into low,moderate,and high groups.Participants were followed up for 44 NCDs diagnosis across 10 human system disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th edition(ICD-10)code using linkage to national health records until 2022.Cox proportional hazard models were used in this study.The hazard ratios(HRs)and PAFs of 44 NCDs associated with CVH score were examined.Results:During the median follow-up of 10.85 years,58,889 incident NCD cases were documented.Significant linear dose-response associations were found between higher CVH score and lower risk of 25(56.8%)of 44 NCDs.Low-moderate CVH(<80 points)score accounted for the largest proportion of incident cases in diabetes(PAF:80.3%),followed by gout(59.6%),sleep disorder(55.6%),chronic liver disease(45.9%),chronic kidney disease(40.9%),ischemic heart disease(40.8%),chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(40.0%),endometrium cancer(35.8%),lung cancer(34.0%),and heart failure(34.0%)as the top 10.Among the eight modifiable factors,overweight/obesity explained the largest number of cases of incident NCDs in endocrine,nutritional,and metabolic diseases(35.4%),digestive system disorders(21.4%),mental and behavioral disorders(12.6%),and cancer(10.3%);however,the PAF of ideal sleep duration ranked first in nervous system(27.5%)and neuropsychiatric disorders(9.9%).Conclusions:Improving CVH score based on Life’s Essential 8 may lower risk of 25 common NCDs.Among CVH metrics,avoiding overweight/obesity may be especially important to prevent new cases of metabolic diseases,NCDs in digestive system,mental and behavioral disorders,and cancer.

Potential of Sestrin2 in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases

The prevalence and lethality of chronic non-communicable diseases are constantly rising,becoming a global public health problem.The occurrence and development of chronic diseases are closely related to the generation of excessive free radicals and active oxygen in the body,and anti-oxidation will become an effective treatment.Sestrin2 protein,as a new stress protein found in mammals in recent years,has unique advantages in antioxidants,and is expected to become an effective biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic diseases.The following is a review of the regulatory role and mechanism of sestrin2 in chronic diseases in order to provide a reference for the research of other scholars.

Associated Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Disease in Three Sites across Ivory Coast: An Urban (Cocody), Peri-Urban (Abobo) and Rural (Yocoboué) Area

Introduction: The prevalence of Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) has increased so it’s becoming a global public health problem. This problem is also threatening in Sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) country including Ivory Coast. Ivory Coast is a country of 22.6 million people experiencing rapid economic development and social change. All development is typically associated with an increase in non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of the major risk factors of NCDs among the population of Cocody, Abobo and Yocoboué in the Ivory Coast. Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted and involved 1146 adults of 19 to 60 years from general population in Cocody (urban), Abob (peri-urban) and Yocoboué (rural). The WHO STEPS risk factor survey has been changed a bit and was administered. it contains anthropometric and biochemical measures. Results: The prevalence of NCD risk factors was markedly different across the three sites particularly between urban (Cocody) and rural (Yocoboué) areas. The overall prevalence estimates of the risk factors were 15.2% for current smoking, 57.71% for harmful use of alcohol, 58.84% for low physical activity, 24.71% for sedentariness (sitting at least 7 h), 69.45% for skipping breakfast, 61% for having late dinner and 36% for snacking. Concerning biological risk factor we noticed 40.95% for Overweight/obesity, 52.96% for abdominal obesity, 14.61% for raised blood pressure, 23.37% for raised blood sugar and 18.51 low HDL-C. Being female has an important associated with an increased risk for having abdominal obesity (OR: 25.7) and being overweight or obese (OR: 11.3), suffering from hypertension increased with age, 30 - 39 years (OR 8.45), 40 - 49 years (OR 13.4) and 50 years and above (OR 24.6). Conclusion: Adult residents in the two (Urban and peri-urban) of three different areas are developing high-risk NCDs, particularly Cocody’s population. At the end, we observed among participants that the female gender, living in urban areas and clustering are the most concerned by non-communicable disease risk factors. To reach the goal, preventive and therapeutic interventions are needed among the targeted population.

Community-based intervention of chronic disease management program in rural areas of Indonesia

Objective:This study evaluates the community-based intervention of chronic disease management(CDM)through the Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Health Post(Posbindu-NCD)conducted by a community of health workers(CHWs)in Indonesia’s rural areas.Methods:A cohor t retrospective study evaluated 577 par ticipants from Posbindu-NCD in 7 public health centers(PHCs)in 2019.Activities of intervention of CDM for Posbindu-NCD was included,identified risk factors to NCDs,and provided counselling education and other follow-ups based on interviews and measurement results from the five Desk systems that recorded in a medical record as a form of the monthly activity report each the first month,the 6 months,and the 12th month.Results:There were statistically significant differences for alcohol consumed and diabetes mellites(χ^(2)=10.455;P=0.001).There were significant differences on gender(χ^(2)=3.963;P=0.047),on ethnicity(χ^(2)=19.873;P<0.001),and hypertension.In addition,there were also significant differences on ethnicity(χ^(2)=15.307;P<0.001),vegetable consumption(χ^(2)=4.435;P=0.035),physical exercise(χ^(2)=6.328;P=0.012),and the current diseases of hypercholesterolemia of par ticipants.Fur thermore,the survival rate among patients who have overweight,abdominal overweight,hyper tension,diabetes mellitus,and hypercholesterolemia increased among par ticipants who regularly visited Posbindu-NCD compared with the non-regularly one.Conclusions:The CDM program’s community-based intervention through Posbindu-NCD conducted by CHWs improved survival rates in Indonesia’s rural areas.Therefore,this program can be fur ther developed in conducting CDM in the community with the active involvement of CHWs so that the community becomes active regularly in par ticipating in Posbindu-NCD activities in rural areas of Indonesia.

Thailand Experience in Developing Wellness-driven Rice as the Key to Fight NCDs and Farmer Poverty

Prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)is rapidly increasing and has become a global problem in modern day.Over consumption of simple,processed carbohydrate foods is considered one of the main causes of NCD in young and elderly populations.Whole grain rice is an important source of a complex carbohydrate,dietary fiber,enriched with vitamins,minerals,and antioxidants.However,palatability of brown rice is the key success factor among white-rice-addicted communities.In the initial phase,we successfully breed rice strains with aromatic,soft-whole grain,white rice contains high grain-Fe/Zn density and intermediate glycemic index(GI).The most successful variety was uniquely soft-textured black purple rice named Riceberry,depicting rice enriched with blueberry nutritional characteristics.Product development for fiber-rich,high antioxidant has been extremely active from academia,real sectors,and SMEs.In total,39 patent applications(18 granted patents),12 international publications,and 18,700 Youtubes related to Riceberry.From 2017,Riceberry has become the most popular choice for product development surpassing Thai Hommali Rice.More than 200 food and non-food products were commercialized as dairy replacement,side dishes,meals,hot beverages,bakery,and breakfast cereals.In the second phase,we successfully breed low GI rice strains named Pink+4 equipped with farmers’preferred resistance to flash flooding,bacterial leaf blight,leaf blast,and devastating brown planthopper adapted to organic rice production.Innovative products combined of low GI rice flour with purple Riceberry have been the next trend for functional ingredients and foods.These healthy rice products have high potential globally as healthy foods,gluten-free,fiber-rich,complex carbohydrate,and nutrient-dense from sustainable organic farming.

Opportunity and challenge of big data in improving chronic non-communicable diseases： by health system engineering approaches

Chronic non-communicable diseases （NCDs） is a sick- state in the complex system of human body. Healthsystems engineering approach can be used to recover health state by many different ways of system adjustments, including physical exercises, nutrition and psychological intervention, and drug therapies. To evaluate and assess the effects of these adjustments, many parameters of the system states have to be monitored （such as molecular high- throughput technologies, physiological, image, etc.）, and estimated at the different levels （such as molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system levels） and on the different dimensions （such as metabolic, immune, neural, etc.） for human system. Huge data have been produced during the whole process, and health systems engineering approach will model health and sick state in the human system by detecting and analyzing these multi-dimension and multi- level big-data in order to find personal suitable adjustment method.

Satisfaction about Patient-centeredness and Healthcare System among Patients with Chronic Multimorbidity

The aim of the present study was to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity in Bangladesh,India and China,and to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and patient's opinion regarding their involvement in healthcare decision-making and overall satisfaction of healthcare system.Cross-sectional data on 18696 men and women aged 18 and above were collected from the World Health Survey of World Health Organization(WHO).Outcome variables were subjective rating of(1)healthcare system's ability to involve patients in decision-making,and(2)satisfaction with the way healthcare system runs in the country.Self-reported chronic conditions were used to measure the prevalence of multimorbidity.Out of 9 chronic conditions,back pain,arthritis,and chronic cough appeared to be the most prevalent ones among majority of the participants.About one-third of the participants in China(30.7%)and two-thirds in Bangladesh(66.1%)and India(66.6%)reported having at least one chronic illness.Prevalence of multimorbidity was highest in India(34.3%)followed by Bangladesh(28.8%)and China(14.3%).In Bangladesh,India and China,respectively 70.5%,41.7%,61.3%women and 54.5%,42.8%and 58.8%men expressed dissatisfaction regarding the way healthcare system runs in their country.In Bangladesh and India,men who were living with multimorbidity were more likely to rate the patient-centeredness as"bad"than those who had no disease illness.This study suggests that the prevalence of multimorbidity was remarkably high especially in Bangladesh and India.Higher likelihood of dissatisfaction about healthcare system among multimorbid patients might be indicative of inadequacy in the provision of care in qualitative and quantitative terms.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Perceptions for Salt/Sodium Reduction in the Gastronomic Sector of Costa Rica

Excess sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases. This study examined food services in Costa Rica as a major source of sodium. The research included six cafeterias, six fast food establishments, 13 restaurants, and 15 diners using non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Interviews were conducted with workers to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding salt reduction. The findings were analyzed to determine effective intervention strategies. Participants showed regular knowledge about salt/sodium. While they recognized the link with high blood pressure, understanding of other health problems was limited. Positive attitudes were observed toward healthy cooking and reducing sodium in pre-prepared food, especially in restaurants. Over 70% expressed a desire to reduce salt in food services, with more than 80% indicating a need for staff training, particularly in cafeterias lacking knowledge of low-salt preparations. High-sodium ingredients were prevalent, with saltshakers and sauces readily available. However, some individuals were reluctant to reduce salt/sodium intake, citing concerns about taste, food variety, and customer complaints. Obstacles to reducing salt/sodium levels included limited accessibility and the cost of low-sodium ingredients. The data collection tools and methodologies used in this study can serve as a foundation for future investigations and strategies to reduce salt consumption in food services. The study recommends government support for transforming the gastronomic sector and implementing regulations and knowledge enhancement. Collaboration with the productive sector is crucial for creating healthy environments. This research presents valuable evidence regarding the utilization of salt and sodium in the gastronomic sector, thereby assisting in the decision-making process for public health initiatives and the prevention of non-communicable chronic diseases. It highlights the significance of tackling sodium reduction in food services to encourage the adoption of healthy culinary practices and enhance the overall health of the population.

中国慢病防治指南现状分析及评价

目的对中国慢性非传染性疾病慢病防治指南进行循证评价。方法检索维普数据库、中国知网、万方数据库以及中国生物文献数据库1978至2011年公开发表的国内慢病指南及指南相关资料,按照纳入标准筛选指南。描述性分析纳入指南的名称、发表年份、开发方法、参考文献数量等内容。采用循证医学评价临床指南的AGREE工具评价我国慢病防治的最新版临床指南的情况。结果共纳入慢病防治临床指南8部,其中基层版指南1部。8部指南在范围和目的、权益相关人员的参与情形、开发的严谨性、明确性和代表性、应用性、编辑的独立性共6个评价领域的平均得分分别为89.6%、51.8%、55.7%、85.1%、55.9%、37.5%。其中,《中国高血压防治指南》2009基层版、《中国高血压防治指南》2010年修订版、《中国2型糖尿病防治指南》2010年修订版、《中国血糖监测临床应用指南》2011年版、《中国缺血性脑卒中防治指南》2010修订版共5部指南为积极推荐指南,《慢性稳定性心绞痛诊断与治疗指南》2007年版、《慢性心力衰竭诊断治疗指南》2007年版2部指南为推荐指南。结论①我国现阶段慢病防治临床指南总体符合要求,但仍存在一些有共性的缺陷;②急需制定出符合基层实际情况的常见慢病防治指南,并建立一套科学、系统、实用的适合我国的卫生技术指南评价体系。

广州市慢性非传染性疾病预防控制的思考

由于慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称慢性病)日渐成为严重威胁人类健康的重要公共卫生问题,所以本市慢性病的防制已迫在眉睫。本文提出搭建以社区卫生服务机构为基础、市区两级疾病预防控制中心为技术支撑的慢性病三级防治网络。通过社区诊断,明确广州市慢性病的流行情况,主要危险因素,社区疾病防治支持系统和社区卫生服务需求利用情况等。为科学制订和实施社区慢性病预防控制方案,建立慢性病信息管理平台,培训基层医疗、预防保健人员,建立评价体系提供依据。以使慢性病预防控制工作有计划、有针对性、全面系统并可持续地进行。

城市社区慢性病管理模式及工作机制的实践探索

慢性病已经成为影响居民健康的重大公共卫生问题,社区慢性病管理对控制慢性病流行具有现实意义。本文在现场调查基础上,对社区卫生服务机构开展以团队服务为主导的慢性病管理模式及其相关管理机制进行了初步总结和探讨,为促进我国社区慢性病管理提供政策建议。

以WHO PEN慢性病干预工具为基础的农村居民卫生服务需要与利用研究

以WHO PEN慢性病干预工具为依托,从人力资源、人员培训、设备配备、基本设施、基本生理生化检查指标和药品情况等方面研究西部农村地区资源配置,以期实现农村基本医疗卫生服务均等化。结果发现:两项目地区超过半数的村民由于距离村卫生室较远、村卫生室医疗设备差,难以满足其就医需求,以及由于设备短缺、药品种类少等诸多原因而放弃在村卫生室就诊,青铜峡市居民卫生服务可及性好于西吉县。结论近几年宁夏农村地区卫生服务需要量变化不大,但慢性病呈上升趋势;卫生服务利用能力却并未明显提高;经济原因依然是阻碍居民就医的重要原因;加强基层医疗卫生机构建设、提高医疗保障水平和缩小城乡间差距是当前的重要工作。

全科医学与慢性病管理

慢性病已成为我国主要公共卫生问题。慢性病患者需要的是几乎持续终生的医学照顾,这恰与全科医学的服务模式相合,一些发达国家的经验已经验证了全科医生对慢性非传染性疾病管理的有效性。我国全科医学起步较晚,但是在具体实践中如团队支持、设备支持、政策支持等方面都有了诸多探索,初步建立了居民契约式的服务关系,全科医生在工作中更加注重对人的整体健康管理,因此全科医学在慢性病管理方面应能有所作为。但这需要通过实践来提高民众的认识和完善相应的政策支持。

2000年徐州市部分35岁以上居民慢性病患病情况及影响因素调查

[目的]了解徐州市居民慢性病患病情况及其影响因素,制定预防和控制工作规划,开展社区干预。[方法]2000年,在徐州市3个县(区)随机抽取部分35岁以上常住居民进行调查。[结果]合计调查41 786人,慢性病总患病率为36.83%;随着年龄的增长,患病率逐渐升高;高血压、脑卒中、冠心病、肺气肿、糖尿病患病率城市居民高于农村居民;冠心病、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤患病率女性高于男性。肥胖、高血压、家族史是心血管疾病的危险因素,吸烟是慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘的主要危险因素;经常体育锻炼、常吃水果是多种慢性病的保护因素。[结论]预防肥胖,改善不良生活习惯是预防控制慢性病的重要措施。

珠海高新区社区慢性非传染性疾病及相关危险因素调查分析

目的为了尽快完善珠海市高新区慢性非传染性疾病(下简称慢性病)综合防治体系,推动社区卫生服务与慢性病防治相结合的综合防治,并为制定珠海市高新区慢性病防治对策提供参考依据。方法通过随机抽样对高新区四个社区5 678名15岁以上的居民进行慢性病患病率及相关危险因素调查。结果样本人群慢性病患病率为24.27%,男女慢性病患病率均随年龄增长而上升;吸烟、饮酒、不合理膳食以及缺乏体力活动等是社区慢性病的主要危险因素。结论社区慢性病患病率较高,且35岁以上各年龄组人群高血压患病率处于较高水平;因此,加强对高危人群的健康检查以及慢性病及其引起的相关并发症的筛查是非常重要和必要的,对探索建立社区慢性病综合防治体系有积极的推动作用。

Future challenges and solutions for safety in China:China CDC’s exploration of injury prevention strategies

As an important component of worldwide injury prevention,China has made great contribution to the development.China is serving as a model for other countries in the world,especially developing countries,and China’s experience has great implications for them.Besides the description of the present situation and trends of China’s injury prevention work and review for its development history,this paper has also introduced the existing issues and the current challenges,and informed the e orts of the sta in related eld to nd solutions from di erent aspects.All of them jointly boosted the development of global injury prevention.