Diagnosis and treatment of an elderly patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Gansu Province:A case report

BACKGROUND In December 2019,the first patient with 2019-novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)was reported in Wuhan,China,and the disease spread rapidly across the country and surrounding countries within 2 mo.As of February 29,2020,a total of 91 confirmed cases had been reported in Gansu Province.This case report of the diagnosis and treatment of an elderly patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia complicated by acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Gansu Province aims to provide a better reference for the treatment of patients in the future.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a 94-year-old female,lived in Maiji District of Tianshui,Gansu Province,China.On January 30,2020,she was admitted to the Fourth People’s Hospital of Tianshui after 9 d of close contact with a patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.She was subsequently admitted to Gansu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine for isolation and transferred to Tianshui Gansu Provincial Hospital of Infectious Diseases on February 3,2020 for treatment.Upon initial examination,her body temperature was 36.7°C,pulse was 80,breathing was 20,and blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg.She was conscious with normal development and normal nutrition.The pharynx was not red,and bilateral tonsils were not red and swollen.The lungs sounded slightly coarse with no dry or wet rales.The first symptoms were cough and fatigue on 2 February.The patient was hospitalized for 12 d.After active treatment,she was discharged on February 14 with a good prognosis.CONCLUSION A history of exposure to the affected area or patient is a major cause of 2019-nCoV infection,and population clustering is a high risk factor for transmission.Patients may not necessarily have respiratory system symptoms as the only clinical manifestation but may also have concomitant or first onset digestive symptoms.Attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.Nucleic acid testing is extremely important and needs to be repeated several times.Laboratory and auxiliary examination indicators during the first week of admission are extremely important.It is feasible to carry out dynamic and continuous index monitoring,which can predict and guide the prevention and treatment of multiple organ dysfunction and the prognosis of the disease.

Health Effect of Forest Bathing Trip on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Forest bathing trip is a short, leisurely visit to forest. In this study we determined the health effects of forest bathing trip on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was sent to forest, and the other was sent to an urban area as control. Flow cytometry, ELISA, and profile of mood states （POMS） evaluation were performed. In the forest group,

Protective effect of sevoflurane on lung function of elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a common respiratory disorder that affects the elderly population and increases the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)after major surgeries.Sevoflurane is a volatile anesthetic that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and attenuate lung injury in animal models.AIM To evaluate the protective effect of sevoflurane on the lung function of elderly COPD patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty(THA).METHODS In this randomized controlled trial,we randomly assigned 120 elderly patients with COPD,who were scheduled for THA,to receive either sevoflurane(sevoflurane group)or propofol(propofol group)as the maintenance anesthetic.The primary outcome was the incidence of PPCs within seven days after surgery.The secondary outcomes were changes in the lung function parameters,inflammatory markers,oxidative stress markers,and postoperative pain scores.RESULTS The results showed that the incidence of PPCs was significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group(10%vs 25%,P=0.02).Furthermore,the decline in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s,forced vital capacity,and peak expiratory flow was significantly lesser in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group at 24 h and 48 h after surgery(P<0.05).The interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,malondialdehyde,and 8-hydroxy-2α-deoxyguanosine levels were significantly lower in the sevoflurane group than in the propofol group at 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).The sevoflurane group showed significantly lower postoperative pain scores than the propofol group at 6 h,12 h,and 24 h after surgery(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Sevoflurane protects the lung function of elderly COPD patients undergoing THA under general anesthesia by reducing the incidence of PPCs,attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses,and alleviating postoperative pain.

Effect of Family Nutrition Therapy on Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective:The aim of the study was to explore the influence of family enteral nutrition support on nutritional status,lung function,activity tolerance and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)in stable stage and malnutrition.Methods:A prospective observational study of COPD and malnutrition in the geriatric department of our hospital,control group(n=82)and intervention group n=82).The control group was treated with conventional diet,and the intervention group was treated with conventional diet and enteral nutrition suspension.One month later,observe the nutrition indicators,lung function,exercise tolerance and quality of life.Results:(1)BMI and ALB were higher than control group(t=10.465,6.189,P<0.05),TP and Hb had no change,(t=1.310,1.302,P>0.05).(2)FVC,FEV1,FEV1/FVC,FEV1%were higher than control group(t=11.999,19.654,13.418,16.924,P<0.05).(3)the quality of life symptom score,activity score,influence score and total score were lower than control group(t=15.303,6.773,23.600,14.766,P<0.05),and 6MWT were higher than control group(t=111.962,P<0.05).Conclusion:Oral enteral nutritioncan improve the nutritional status,lung function,activity tolerance and quality of life of elderly patients with COPD in stable stage and malnutrition.It can be a early,safe and effective nutritional support strategy for COPD patients with malnutrition。

Update on the use of portable monitoring system for the diagnosis of sleep apnea in specific population

The prevalence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) is higher in specific population: children, elderly,obese and patients with pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, compared to the general population. OSA is associated with greater morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although full-night polysomnography is still the gold standard diagnostic sleep study for OSA, it is a time consuming, expensive and technically demanding exam. Over the last few years, there is growing evidence on the use of portable monitors(PM) as an alternative for the diagnosis of OSA. These devices were developed specially for sleep evaluation at home, at a familiar environment, with easy selfapplication of monitoring, unattended. The use of PM is stablished for populations with high pre-test probability of OSA. However, there is a lack of studies on the use of PM in age extremes and patients with comorbidities. The purpose of this review is to present the studies that evaluated the use of PM in specific population, as well as to describe the advantages, limitations and applications of these devices in this particular group of patients. Although the total loss rate of recordings is variable in different studies, the agreement with fullnight polysomnography justifies the use of PM in this population.

The relationship between the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and the airway remodeling in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of trannsient receptor potential vanilloid(TRPV1)and the severity of airway remodeling in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods According to airflow obstruction severity,totally 100 cases of elderly patients with

单纯性支气管扩张症与支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征患者的病原菌对比研究

背景我国慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)及支气管扩张症(简称支扩)患者数量庞大,均为高发病率、高病死率的慢性呼吸系统疾病。支气管扩张症-慢性阻塞性肺疾病重叠综合征(BCOS)作为一种特殊临床亚型虽常见但易被忽略。感染常是其急性恶化的诱因,但相关病原学研究相对匮乏。目的分析单纯性支气管扩张症(BE)与BCOS患者病原菌分布、耐药性特点,比较两者差异。为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供参考。方法选取2016年1月—2023年1月在马鞍山市人民医院呼吸与危重医学科住院的支扩患者584例为研究对象,根据是否合并慢阻肺将患者分为两组:BE组(未合并慢阻肺,335例)和BCOS组(合并慢阻肺,249例)。回顾性分析患者病原菌构成、药敏结果及变迁,分析两组病原菌分布及耐药性差异。结果584例支扩患者共分离299株病原菌,BE组分离病原菌146株,其中革兰阴性菌87株(59.59%),革兰阳性菌3株(2.05%),分枝杆菌9株(6.16%),真菌47株(32.19%);BCOS组分离病原菌153株,其中革兰阴性菌80株(52.29%),革兰阳性菌1株(0.65%),分枝杆菌2株(1.31%),真菌70株(45.75%);BCOS组患者白色念珠菌构成比高于BE组(χ^(2)=5.274,P=0.022)。两组铜绿假单胞菌耐药率分别为:亚胺培南10.64%、25.53%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦6.98%、15.91%,环丙沙星12.77%、21.28%,阿米卡星2.13%、2.13%;两组肺炎克雷伯菌耐药率分别为:亚胺培南0、14.29%,哌拉西林他唑巴坦0、14.29%,环丙沙星15.38%、35.71%,阿米卡星0、7.14%;BCOS组铜绿假单胞菌对氨苄西林舒巴坦耐药率低于BE组(P=0.026)。BCOS组患者产超广谱β内酰胺酶肠杆菌科(χ^(2)=4.357,P=0.037)及耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌分离率均高于BE组(χ^(2)=5.593,P=0.018)。2016—2022年支扩患者分离铜绿假单胞菌株数均最高,呈先降后升趋势;分离肺炎克雷伯菌株数在2021、2022年明显升高,仅次于铜绿假单胞菌;2020—2022年分离分枝杆菌株数及2021—2022年分离曲霉菌株数均呈上升趋势。结论BCOS作为一种特殊表型,其病原菌分布、耐药性有其自身特点,值得关注。铜绿假单胞菌目前是BE及BCOS患者常见分离致病菌,近年来分离肺炎克雷伯菌株数仅次于铜绿假单胞菌。分离分枝杆菌、曲霉菌株数较前亦明显上升,应引起重视,尤其是BE患者。

肠道菌群、运动干预与呼吸系统疾病

背景:肠道菌群是位于人体胃肠道中的一种多样化和动态的微生物群落总称,对维持人体免疫和健康有着至关重要的作用。近年提出“肠-肺轴”概念,提示肠道菌群与肺密切相关,且运动可通过维持肠道菌群平衡调节呼吸系统疾病。目的:综述了肠道菌群与肺炎、肺癌、哮喘病和慢性肺阻塞疾病等不同呼吸系统疾病的关系、不同运动方式对肠道菌群和呼吸系统疾病的影响,为深入探讨运动调控肠道菌群在呼吸系统疾病中的作用机制提供新的思路。方法:检索1944-2024年间CNKI和PubMed数据库相关文献,中文检索词包括“肠道菌群、肠道细菌、呼吸系统疾病、肺炎、肺癌、哮喘病和慢性肺阻塞疾病、有氧运动、抗阻运动”等;英文检索词包括“Intestinal flora,Gut bacteria,Respiratory illness,Pneumonia,Lung cancer,Asthma,Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases,Aerobic exercise、Resistance training”等,根据纳入和排除标准选择101篇文献进行归纳总结。结果与结论:①肠道菌群在肺炎、肺癌、哮喘病和慢性肺阻塞疾病等多种呼吸系统疾病中发挥着重要的调节作用。②不同运动方式与肠道菌群密切相关:有氧运动可通过改善胰岛素敏感性、增加菌群多样性和抑制全身慢性炎症在肠道菌群的调控中发挥有益效应;抗阻运动可降低肠黏膜通透性并促进短链脂肪酸的产生;有氧联合抗阻运动也可提升肠道菌群多样性、影响肠道菌群组成。③运动可通过调节炎症反应和减轻氧化应激损伤,提高心肺功能和运动表现进而改善呼吸系统疾病。④运动通过调控肠道菌群抑制炎症反应、调节氧化应激、改善肠屏障通透性和维持肠道菌群稳态,在防治呼吸系统疾病中发挥关键作用。

Effect of warming needle moxibustion on pulmonary function of elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of warming needle moxibustion on pulmonary function of elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Method Eighty elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were divided randomly into an acupuncture group and a drug group, with forty cases in each group. The patients in the acupuncture group were treated with warming needle moxibustion on specific acupoints. Main acupoints include Zusanli （足三里 ST 36）, Feishu （肺俞 BL 13） and Dingchuan （定喘 EX-B 1）. Matching acupoints include Gaohuang （膏肓 BL 43）, Xinshu （心俞 BL 15）, Dazhui （大椎 GV 14） and Fangmen （风门 BE 12）. The acupoints were punctured with even reinforcing and reducing method. Meanwhile, two moxa stick of warming needle moxibustion were applied separately at the acupoints at back and ST 36. The needles were retained for approximately 0.5 h each time. The treatment was given every other day, 3 times a week and the course of treatment was 8 weeks. Patients in the drug group were treated by seretide inhalation （50 μg salmeterol and 250 μg fluticasone propionate）, twice a day for 8 weeks. The improvement in pulmonary function and the symptom of chills and fever were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, pulmonary function indices [forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）, forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity （FEVl/FVC）, forced expiratory volume in one second to predicted value ratio （FEV1%） and peak expiratory flow （PEF）] of the patients in both groups were improved significantly compared with that before treatment （P〈0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups （all P〉0.05）. Improvement in comprehensive scores of the symptom of chill and fever in the acupuncture group was significantly superior to that in the drug group after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment, respectively （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Warming needle moxibustion was obviously effective on the improvement in pulmonary function of elderly patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Current Status of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Objective：Worldwide,community-acquired pneumonia （CAP） is a common infection that occurs in older adults,who may have pulmonary comorbidities,including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）.Although there have been clinical studies on the coexistence of CAP with COPD,there remain some controversial findings.This review presents the current status of COPD in CAP patients,including the disease burden,clinical characteristics,risk factors,microbial etiology,and antibiotic treatment.Data Sources：A literature review included full peer-reviewed publications up to January 2018 derived from the PubMed database,using the keywords ＂community-acquired pneumonia＂ and ＂chronic obstructive pulmonary disease＂.Study Selection：Papers in English were reviewed,with no restriction on study design.Results：COPD patients who are treated with inhaled corticosteroids are at an increased risk of CAP and have a worse prognosis,but data regarding the increased mortality remains unclear.Although Streptococcus pneumoniae is still regarded as the most common bacteria isolated from patients with CAP and COPD,Pseudomonas aeruginosa is also important,and physicians should pay close attention to the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance,particularly in these two organisms.Conclusions：COPD is a common and important predisposing comorbidity in patients who develop CAP.COPD often aggravates the clinical symptoms of patients with CAP,complicating treatment,but generally does not appear to affect prognosis.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease and the airway-essentials for the surgeon

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) has many protean manifestations.Some of the most vexing have to do with the airway.GERD affects the tracheobronchial tree directly,leading to aspiration pneumonia and asthma,or exacerbating existing pulmonary disease,such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.In addition to the respiratory manifestation of GERD,there are unique pharyngeal and laryngeal manifestations.These include voice hoarseness,throat-clearing,chronic cough,globus,and "post-nasal drip".Linking these symptoms to GERD is challenging and frequently the diagnosis is that of exclusion.Despite proton pump inhibitor therapy being the mainstay of treatment,with anti-reflux surgery being reserved for intractable cases,there is no definitive evidence of the superiority of either.

三联疗法与LAMA/LABA联合疗法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的Meta分析

目的 系统评价慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者应用三联疗法[吸入糖皮质激素(ICS)/长效抗胆碱能药物(LAMA)/长效β2受体激动剂(LABA)]与LAMA/LABA联合疗法的有效性和安全性。方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library数据库中有关三联疗法与LAMA/LABA联合疗法治疗COPD的随机对照试验(RCT)文献,检索时间截至2024年3月,对数据采用Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 2.0(CMA2)软件进行Meta分析。结果 共9项关于ICS附加方案的RCT(N=17 599)入选本Meta分析。与LAMA/LABA相比,三联疗法降低了急性加重的发生率(RR 0.842,95%CI 0.749~0.946),改善了生活质量(QOL)评分和第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)谷值,降低了死亡率(OR 0.756,95%CI 0.610~0.936),而肺炎发生率更高(OR 1.436,95%CI 1.233~1.673)。结论 对于有症状的中重度且有急性加重病史的COPD患者,三联疗法导致肺炎的发生率高于LAMA/LABA,但由于急性加重的发生率较低、FEV1谷值较高和QOL评分较好,三联疗法仍是一种更可取的治疗方法。但在选择三联疗法时,医师需要综合考虑患者的具体情况,包括病情的严重程度、急性加重的诱因以及对肺炎的潜在风险。

老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重病人呼吸机相关性肺炎诺莫图模型的预测价值

目的筛选老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性加重病人发生呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的危险因子,验证以此构建的诺莫图预测模型的价值。方法以2016年12月至2021年11月聊城市第二人民医院收治的374例老年COPD病人为研究对象,按6∶4的比例,采用随机数字表法分为建模集(n=225)与验证集(n=149)。分析VAP的影响因素,建立诺莫图模型并评估其预测价值。结果VAP组病人年龄[(70.56±6.33)岁比(68.01±6.06)岁]、急性生理和慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分[(20.44±6.89)分比(12.20±4.60)分]、序贯器官衰竭(SOFA)评分[(7.65±3.32)分比4.12±1.82)分]、有吸烟史比例(71.9%比54.8%)、合并基础疾病≥3种比例(45.6%比18.5%)、过去90 d使用抗生素比例(63.2%比40.5%)、呼吸机通气时长≥4 d比例(77.2%比40.5%)、再次插管比例(80.7%比46.4%)较非VAP组升高(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析结果示,合并基础疾病≥3种(OR=2.78,P=0.027)、APACHEⅡ评分(OR=9.46,P<0.001)、SOFA评分(OR=2.99,P=0.010)、过去90 d使用抗生素(OR=2.71,P=0.015)、呼吸机通气时长≥4 d(OR=3.24,P=0.006)、再次插管(OR=3.65,P=0.004)是发生VAP的独立危险因素。建模集及验证集校准曲线结果均显示,构建的诺莫图预测模型校准度较好,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.87[95%CI:(0.82,0.93)]、0.83[95%CI:(0.75,0.92)]。结论通过合并基础疾病≥3种、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、过去90 d使用抗生素、呼吸机通气时长≥4 d、再次插管等危险因素建立的诺莫图模型对老年COPD急性加重病人发生VAP具有较好的预测价值。

住院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者合并低钠血症的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨住院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者中合并低钠血症的独立危险因素。方法本回顾性横断面研究收集遂宁市人民医院老年医学科和绵阳市第三人民医院老年病科2019年1月—2021年12月的住院慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者327例。根据排除和入选标准,最后纳入患者215例,其中正常血钠AECOPD患者(NN-AECOPD)165例,AECOPD合并低钠血症患者(LN-AECOPD)50例。收集和记录患者一般资料、基础疾病、肺功能、血常规、PCT、CRP、血气分析和电解质数据。首先对数据进行单因素分析。然后对单因素分析有统计学差异的变量建立二元logistics回归模型。结果单因素分析显示两组患者的胸腔积液(PE)、社区获得性肺炎(CAP)和2型糖尿病的发生率,血淋巴细胞%、血清PCT和血清镁水平有显著统计学差异(均P<0.05)。然后,将有显著统计学差异的6个因子代入二元logistics回归方程后发现AECOPD患者中社区获得性肺炎(CAP)(R=5.109,P<0.001)与低钠血症独立相关。结论研究表明社区获得性肺炎是导致AECOPD患者低钠血症的重要原因。AECOPD合并社区获得性肺炎患者出现血电解质异常更加常见。同时若AECOPD患者合并低钠血症,我们应该考虑该患者合并社区获得性肺炎的可能。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人呼吸机相关性肺炎91例的病原谱及其列线图预测模型

目的分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病人呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)病原菌感染特点,构建列线图预测模型。方法选择2019年1月至2021年12月在南充市第二人民医院接受机械通气治疗的193例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)病人,根据有无VAP将病人分为两组,在单因素分析基础上行多因素logistic回归分析,构建列线图预测模型,以ROC曲线分析模型预测价值,并以计算机模拟充分采样(bootstrap)法进行内部验证。结果该研究的193例中共91例(47.15%)病人出现VAP,91例病人中共分离出病原菌108株,其中革兰阴性菌占72.22%,革兰阳性菌占15.74%,真菌占12.04%,单一感染62例,混合感染29例。单因素分析基础上行多因素分析结果显示:年龄≥60岁、气道干预方式为气道切开、合并糖尿病、机械通气时间≥4 d、使用抗菌药物联合用药、使用抑酸剂、有吸烟史及APACHEⅡ评分≥15分为AECOPD病人VAP发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。根据上述因素以R语言建立列线图预测模型,受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线下面积0.84,95%CI为(0.78,0.90),Bootstrap法对列线图进行内部验证,平均绝对误差为0.02,预测曲线与标准曲线基本拟合。结论AECOPD病人VAP发生率较高,主要因感染革兰阴性菌所致,VAP的发生率受病人年龄、气道干预方式、合并糖尿病情况、机械通气时间、糖皮质激素使用情况、抗菌药物联合用药、抑酸剂使用情况、吸烟史及APACHEⅡ评分的影响,以上述因素构建的列线图模型具有较高的区分度与准确度。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺泡灌洗液中sIgA与血清总IgA、T淋巴细胞亚群的相关性分析

目的:比较慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)、肺炎及正常人在肺泡灌洗液中分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)及血液中T淋巴细胞亚群的差异,探讨检测肺泡灌洗液sIgA、血清IgA及血液中T淋巴细胞亚群的临床意义。方法:收集2018年12月至2020年3月包头市中心医院呼吸与危重症医学科住院患者及包头市中心医院健康体检中心体检健康人员。慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并肺炎组(COPD-P组)29人,单纯慢性阻塞性肺疾病组(S-COPD组)26例,单纯肺炎组(S-P组)27例,体检健康人员为对照组(CG组)27例。收集肺泡灌洗液检测sIgA和血清中IgA、CD4^(+)T细胞百分数、CD8^(+)T细胞百分数、T淋巴细胞绝对数,CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T的比值等数据。运用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。结果:4组间血清IgA、T淋巴细胞绝对数、CD4^(+)T细胞百分数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);4组间sIgA水平、CD4^(+)T细胞/CD8^(+)T细胞比值、CD8^(+)T细胞百分数差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在S-COPD和COPD-P患者的肺泡灌洗液中sIgA含量明显降低,提示黏膜表面缺乏sIgA导致了黏膜屏障受损。感染与黏膜表面的sIgA缺乏相关,黏膜的sIgA缺乏可能是COPD感染机会增多的原因之一。在COPD患者血清中的CD8^(+)T细胞增高,CD4^(+)T细胞/CD8^(+)T细胞比值的失衡在COPD患者中普遍存在,提示细胞免疫存在功能紊乱。在COPD中检测T淋巴细胞亚群,把CD4^(+)T/CD8^(+)T细胞的比值作为预测T淋巴细胞亚群内部细胞组成成分紊乱的指标之一,具有提示效应。

美罗培南联合莫西沙星治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并重症肺炎的疗效及对血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨美罗培南联合莫西沙星治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并重症肺炎的疗效及对血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法选取2017年10月至2019年12月于武警北京市总队医院治疗的90例COPD合并重症肺炎患者作为研究对象,按照自愿原则分为A组与B组,每组45例。A组给予美罗培南联合莫西沙星治疗,B组给予莫西沙星治疗。比较两组最大呼气中段量(MMF)、最大通气量(MVV)和第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV1%)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、转化生长因子-β_(1)(TGF-β_(1))、降钙素原(PCT)水平及临床疗效、不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后,两组MMF、MVV均大于治疗前,FEV1%均高于治疗前,且A组MMF、MVV均大于B组,FEV_(1)%高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组血清IL-8、TNF-α、TGF-β_(1)及PCT水平均低于治疗前,且A组低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组治疗总有效率为95.56%,高于B组的82.22%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组并发症发生率为8.89%,低于B组的24.44%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论美罗培南联合莫西沙星治疗COPD合并重症肺炎临床疗效显著,可显著降低患者炎症因子水平,改善肺功能,降低不良反应发生率。

人性化护理干预对老年慢性阻塞性肺炎患者的生活质量影响分析

目的:观察和分析人性化护理干预对老年慢性阻塞型肺炎患者生活质量的影响。方法:用数字随机化原则将疗养院中100例老年慢性阻塞型肺炎患者平均分成观察组和对照组;两组采用同种临床治疗方案,采用不同的护理方式:对照组施行常规护理,观察组施行人性化护理(在常规护理的基础上强化心理疏导和运动干预);通过世界卫生组织生活评分表记录、评价、分析两组患者的生活质量。结果:观察组和对照组的生活质量在干预后较干预前均有提高(P<0.05);观察组生活质量(心理感觉和适应,社会关系沟通和融入,环境适应和习惯)较对照组有显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:对慢性阻塞性肺炎患者施行以心理疏导、适量运动干预,不单对提高患者的生活质量很有帮助:改善了患者的生理功能,特别是对社会、环境的感知,融入社会,回归家庭很有帮助,同时减少了患者家庭人力和经济的投入;为患者就医、治疗、康复提供了更多可能;也为在节约医保投入的基础上提高了患者生活质量,为慢病管理摸索出一条好的、可行的方法和路径。

痰热清注射液联合左氧氟沙星治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作合并肺炎的临床效果

目的:探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作合并肺炎患者采用痰热清注射液联合左氧氟沙星治疗的临床效果。方法:选取2022年7月—2023年6月滨州市中心医院收治的104例COPD急性发作合并肺炎患者,以随机数字表法分为研究组(n=52)与对照组(n=52)。对照组给予左氧氟沙星治疗,研究组给予痰热清注射液联合左氧氟沙星治疗。比较两组临床疗效、炎症因子、血气指标。结果:研究组治疗总有效率(92.31%)较对照组(76.92%)高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)水平均下降,研究组均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后两组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))均下降,动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))均升高,研究组PaCO_(2)较对照组低,PaO_(2)较对照组高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:痰热清注射液联合左氧氟沙星治疗COPD急性发作合并肺炎,能提高临床效果,缓解炎症反应,改善血气指标。

AECOPD患者发生低钠血症风险列线图预测模型的构建

目的 调查分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者低钠血症的发生率和危险因素,并构建风险列线图预测模型以指导临床实践。方法 回顾性总结2020年1月1日—2023年7月31日张家港市第一人民医院诊断为AECOPD的患者401例为研究对象,住院期间将其分为低钠血症组95例和正常血钠组306例。比较两组的临床资料和血生化,采用LASSO回归模型和多因素Logistic回归分析危险因素,并构建列线图。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估预测能力,Bootstrap法计算模型一致性指数(C-index)评估区分度;校准曲线评估校准度。结果 单因素比较发现,两组吸烟率、胸腔积液和社区获得性肺炎(CAP)、发热、白细胞计数、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞百分比、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、降钙素原(PCT)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、pH值、阴离子间隙(AG)、血钙和血镁、白蛋白存在显著差异(P<0.05)。LASSO回归和Logistic回归显示,CAP(OR=2.790,95%CI=2.101~3.236,P<0.001)和ESR(OR=1.266,95%CI=1.001~1.524,P<0.001)是AECOPD患者发生低钠血症的危险因素,而AG(OR=0.444,95%CI=0.121~0.768,P<0.001)和血镁(OR=0.373,95%CI=0.096~0.865,P<0.001)是保护因素。构建的列线图模型总分为200分。ROC显示,列线图预测低钠血症的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.886(95%CI=0.823~0.936,P<0.001)。内部验证C-index为0.924,校准曲线显示一致性良好。结论 AECOPD患者有较高的低钠血症发生率,CAP、ESR、AG和血镁与低钠血症的发生密切相关。构建的列线图模型对指导临床早期、准确筛选低钠血症的高危患者有较好的应用潜能。