Hydroxychloroquine: A Safe, Effective and Inexpensive Maintenance Therapy for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is an autoimmune skin disorder that lasts for >6 weeks and may last for years. It is a disabling skin disease that impairs quality of life. Set-up treatment with antihistamines, immunosuppressives, immune modulators and lately Omalizumab are expensive or have significant side effects. In this retrospective study, we describe our experience with the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) as a maintenance therapy for those with severe forms of CSU after Corticosteroids (C) induction phase. Patients and Methods: 16 adult patients (aged 44 ± 7) with severe CSU for 5 ± 1 months, were included in the study. Eight patients had attacks of angioneurotic oedema. Their previous treatments were antihistaminic and short-courses of C. Results: After 2 weeks of remission with C and HCQ 200 mg twice daily, the dose of C was tapered down and discontinued by the end of the first month. The seven days Urticaria Activity Score decreased from 30 ± 3 to 6 ± 1 by the first month and remained low at 3 ± 1 by the end of 2 years of follow-up. Moreover, IgE levels and CRP had similar trends. Remission persisted after 37 ± 9 months of follow-up. Conclusion: HCQ is a safe, efficacious and inexpensive drug for the treatment of CSU.

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria on Omalizumab Therapy and Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A New Case Report

Background: Chronic Spontaneous urticarial (CSU) is a common dermatological problem characterized by recurrent pruritic or burning wheals last less than 24 hours and treated by many modalities of therapy including systemic antihistamines and in refractory cases with Omalizumab anti-IgE antibody biological injection. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is diagnosed based on a positive tuberculin skin test or QuantiFERON-TB test without evidence of active tuberculosis. Aim: To document a new case report of a patient with a history of CSU and latent tuberculosis on Omalizumab therapy during Isoniazid (INH) prophylaxis. Case Report: A-53-year-old woman with a history of CSU and newly identified LTBI who have been treated with INH monotherapy before starting Omalizumab injection followed up over 24 weeks course of therapy for any sign of tuberculosis reinfection. Conclusion: Omalizumab injection was used effectively for the treatment of CSU in a patient with latent tuberculosis infection with minimal risk of tuberculosis reactivation.

Chronic Refractory Idiopathic Urticaria

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a complex medical condition characterized by substantial morbidity and a negative impact on one’s quality of life. There are several treatment approaches available, tailored to the severity of the condition, which can enhance overall quality of life. Aim: In this article, we outline a systematic approach to managing chronic urticaria, while also elucidating the available treatment strategies for cases that prove resistant to conventional therapies. To illustrate our points, we present a clinical case as a practical example. Case Presentation: Here, we present a patient with CSU since childhood who presented in the context of refractory hives and generalized arthralgia that responded well to omalizumab therapy with no further relapse. Conclusion: Omalizumab is a biological agent that offers a potential treatment option for CSU. It is available for individuals twelve years and older who have not responded well to conventional treatments. It has demonstrated good efficacy with a relatively low rate of clinically significant adverse effects. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research regarding the optimal method for tapering the dosage and determining the duration of treatment.

Effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding combined with Chinese herbal medicine in chronic urticaria: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupoint catgut embedding(ACE)in combination with Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)in treating chronic urticaria(CU).Methods:We thoroughly searched Embase,PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wangfang database,Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP),and Chinese biomedical literature database(SinoMed)for relevant studies from inception until May 2022.Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on ACE combined with CHM for CU were included.Literature search,data extraction,and risk of bias assessment were independently conducted by two authors.Results:A total of 15 RCTs with 1065 participants were included in this review.Five trials reported that the combined therapy showed a higher total effective rate,and four trials reported that the combined therapy was associated with a lower level of serum immunoglobulin E.Furthermore,two,four,and four trials reported that the combined therapy was more effective in reducing itching degree,size,and number of wheals,respectively.The combined therapy was reported to be associated with a lower recurrence rate in three trials,and with a fewer adverse reaction rate in two trials.Conclusions:ACE in combination with CHM appears to be a safe and effective therapy for patients with CU.Given the relatively low quality of the included trials,these findings should be interpreted cautiously.Further high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm our findings.

Pricking,Cupping and Qu Feng Tiao Ying Decoction for Treatment of Chronic Urticaria

Chronic urticaria is a commonly encountered skin illness characterized by protracted course and recurrent episodes. The author had treated 26 cases of chronic urticaria by pricking, cupping and Qu Feng Tiao Ying (QFTY) decoction (祛风调营汤the Wind-dispelling and Ying system-regulating Decoction) with satisfactory results. A report is as follows.……

Association of HLA-DRB1, DQB1 Alleles with Chronic Urticaria

In order to investigate the association of genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles with the genetic susceptibility of chronic urticaria (CU), genotypes of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes were detected by polymerase chain reactions with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 42 patients with CU (19 men and 23 women, mean age 30.67±12.45 y old as well as 193 racially matched healthy persons in ethnic Han from Hubei provinece. Gene frequencies of HLA-DRB1*12, *0901 (RR=3.11, χ2=7.579, P=0.006; RR=2.47, χ2=5.684, P=0.017) were significantly increased in CU patients as compared with that in healthy people. Gene frequencies of HLA-DQB1*05 (RR=0.26, χ2=6.683, P=0.01) were significantly decreased in CU patients. It was suggested that CU was found strongly associated with HLA-DRB1*12, *0901 and HLA-DQB1*05, the former might be the genetic markers for susceptibility to CU, but the latter might play a resistive role.

Chronic Urticaria Due to Allergy to Wheat Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor Proteins

Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is defined as the spontaneous appearance of wheals, angioedema, or both, for at least 6 weeks, due to known or unknown causes [1]. In some patients who present a CSU with daily or almost daily symptoms a type I allergy could be the underlying cause. We present one adult patient with chronic urticaria who was finally diagnosed as a non-occupational case of IgE-mediated wheat allergy manifested following exposure by 3 different routes: inhalation (rhinitis and bronchial asthma), dermal absorption (contact urticaria) and ingestion (systemic chronic urticaria). We were able to detect the culprit proteins by immunoblotting. Serum IgE binds mainly to alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitors and, to a lesser extent, to other proteins associated with food allergy to grains (e.g. beta-glucanase, serpin, peroxidase). In our opinion, skin prick tests with a food standard battery could help in the etiological diagnosis of chronic urticaria. The identification of responsible allergens could be difficult because only a few complex in vitro techniques allow detecting the allergy to several proteins.

Cost of Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria in Turkey

Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a chronic disease with significant negative impact on quality of life of patients. The direct and indirect costs of the disease can be substantial both for the health care system and society. The aim of this research is to estimate the cost of mild, moderate and severe CSU in Turkey and to forecast the cost of the disease from the payer (Social Security Institution—SSI) perspective. Expert opinions with Delphi technique were used in order to determine the cost items and their frequency. A questionnaire was designed to outline resources used in the out-patient, inpatient and emergency care episodes and was answered by dermatologists followed by a consensus meeting. Unit costs were calculated from the price list of the SSI. The annual total cost of treating the disease to the SSI was estimated as 262,111,978TL (94,417,870€) comprising 0.06% of the total healthcare budget in 2013. Since there is limited information about the cost of CSU in Turkey, the methodology and results of this study are unique and very important.

Efficacy of the H2-receptor antagonist famotidine on chronic spontaneous urticaria in children

Urticaria is a common pediatric skin disorder. Histamine H1-receptor antagonists are effective in chronic as well as acute urticaria. When H1-anti-histamines are ineffective, add-on use of H2-receptor antagonists is thought to give better symptom relief. However, there are few reports on the therapeutic efficacy in pediatric patients. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (csU) who met the following criteria. They were consulted our outpatient clinic between April 2010 and March 2012;were unsuccessfully treated with H1 antihistamines;and were treated with add-on H2-receptor antagonist (famotidine). In six patients who met the inclusion criteria (mean age 6.1 ± 5.1 years), urticaria activity score was significantly decreased from 4.3 ± 0.8 just before administration of famotidine to 1.3 ± 1.0 on the first outpatient visit within 4 weeks after the first administration of famotidine

Based on data mining,the drug law of clinical treatment of chronic urticaria

Background:Based on clinical data mining,we introduce the medication rule and clinical application of Professor Wang Lifen in the treatment of chronic urticaria,as the reference of clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.Methods:we collected 110 traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for the treatment of chronic urticaria,and found out tastes,functions and channel tropism of Chinese medicine.After collecting and sorting,we inputted the data into excel 2010 software and established drug electronic database.We calculated the frequency of tastes,functions and channel tropism using the Spss 20.0 and analyzed the potential relationship between the drugs using Weka 3.8.We used Cytoscape 3.6.1 to draw the related network and combine it into a new prescription.Then the clinical data of prescriptions were statistically analyzed.Results:The statistical analysis showed that the high-frequency drugs for the treatment of the disease were Gancao(Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma),Huangqin(Radix scutellariae),Desmopeel,Jingjie(Herba schizonepetae),parsnip,etc.,accounting for more than 69.50%of the total frequency.Moreover,the combination and drug pairs with the strongest and most commonly used high-frequency drugs were found.From the point of medicinal properties of these drugs in the treatment of chronic urticaria,the main drugs are cold,followed by warm and smooth,accounting for 70.75%of the total frequency.From the perspective of the efficacy of these drugs in the treatment of chronic urticaria,heat-clearing drugs are the main ones,followed by relieving drugs and Tonic drugs,accounting for 68.25%of the total frequency.From the perspective of medicine taste,sweet taste is the most important,followed by bitter and pungent taste,accounting for 68.00%of the total frequency.From the perspective of drugs channel tropism,the meridian of spleen is the most important,followed by the meridian of lung,liver,heart,stomach,etc.,accounting for 71.62%of the total frequency.Conclusion:According to the data mining results,traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic urticaria is mainly based on dispelling wind,clearing heat and removing dampness,cooling blood and detoxifying,supplemented by nourishing blood and nourishing deficiency.This data mining conforms to the law and principle of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic urticaria,which has certain reference and enlightenment significance for clinical treatment of chronic urticaria.

Quality of Life of Patients with Urticaria in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

Introduction: The prevalence of urticaria is increasing. Approximately 20% of individuals have suffered from an acute episode of urticaria at least at some point in their lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and therapeutic socio-demographic profile and quality of live of patients followed for urticaria in the dermatology-venereology department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou. Methodology: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 5-year period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2019. The data were collected retrospectively by analysing the files and prospectively by evaluating the quality of life with DLQI. All the records of patients treated for urticaria at the Dermatology-Venerology Department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital during the period were included. Results: Urticarial frequency is 1.91%. There were 36 men (25.71%) and 104 women (74.28%), i.e. a sex ratio of 0.34. The median age was 31 years with extremes of 4 to 70 years. The 30 - 45 age group accounted for 51.42%, followed by the 16 - 29 age group (31.42%), then the 46 - 65 age group (9.28%), the 4 - 15 age group (5.71%) and the over 66 age group (2.14%). In terms of occupation, pupils/students accounted for 37.1%, housewives for 18.6% and workers for 44.3%. As for the residence of the patients, 88.57% lived in Ouagadougou Personal history of atopy, it concerned 19.26% of patients, with precisely 9.28% having asthma history, 7.14% having rhino-sinusitis history, 1.42% of atopic dermatitis and allergic conjunctivitis respectively. For clinical aspects, 97.14% of the patients had superficial urticaria, and 2.86% had facial angioedema. There were 35% (49) patients with acute urticaria and 65% (91) with chronic urticaria. Chronic urticaria was spontaneous in 55% (50) and physically inducible in 10% (9) (sweating, pressure or friction). 97.14% of patients received antihistamines associated with systemic corticoids in 2.86%. For Quality of life, the mean DLQI score was 7.51, indicating a moderate effect of urticaria on patients’ quality of life. The quality of life of women was more affected than that of men, especially in the professional and social spheres. Conclusion: In hospital frequency of urticaria is low in Ouagadougou, a predominance of chronic spontaneous urticaria whose management involves the use of second generation antihistamines at a dosage and duration that do not meet international recommendations. The patients’ quality of life was moderately impaired.

生物制剂在慢性自发性荨麻疹治疗中的应用进展

慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)是一种临床常见的免疫反应性皮肤病,其发病的关键效应细胞是肥大细胞。随着近年来对CSU发病机制的不断认识,不少新型生物制剂被应用于CSU患者的治疗。生物制剂可通过靶向作用于肥大细胞的活化过程的不同阶段,阻断肥大细胞的活化、脱颗粒,从而有效治疗CSU;根据作用靶点和作用机制,可分为抑制肥大细胞激活、抑制胞内信号转导、激活抑制性受体的药物。本文对生物制剂在CSU治疗中的应用展开综述。

从“有诸内者必形诸外”及体质论治小儿慢性荨麻疹

慢性荨麻疹因其反复发作、瘙痒难耐的特点严重影响患儿的身心健康,属于儿科临床难治病证。慢性荨麻疹虽属于外科范畴,侯江红教授认为“内之症或不及其外,外之症则必根于其内也”,治疗时不可拘泥于外治之法,必当思外而揣内,究其内在本因。考虑小儿好发该病,多责之于乳食所伤,侯教授指出小儿慢性荨麻疹的发生多由脾胃不和导致,因此临床辨证可从脾胃湿热型、气虚热盛型、营卫失和型入手,治疗采用培土生金法健运脾胃、调补肺脾、调和肺脾,以扶正固表、调和营卫、解表透疹。体质形成由脏腑盛衰偏颇所决定,因此亦认为体质因素是荨麻疹治疗与预防的重要病机,其中高敏偏颇体质患儿易出现荨麻疹、易咳嗽、哮喘等非健康倾向,故将调理高敏体质作为防治的重点,有效减少了患儿荨麻疹的复发率。此外还注重治养兼顾,讲求医患配合,从饮食、运动、作息、家长行为心理等方面改变养护观念,避免家长过度就医对患儿造成过度用药,通过非药物干预的方法来有效调动患儿自身免疫功能,亦增进了医患之间的信任。文章附案例一则,详细介绍侯江红教授治疗小儿慢性荨麻疹临证经验,以期为临床相关治疗提供参考。

孟鲁司特的联合盐酸奥洛他定对慢性荨麻疹患者IgE水平和生活质量的影响

目的研究孟鲁司特钠联合盐酸奥洛他定治疗慢性荨麻疹临床疗效及对患者IgE水平、生活质量、复发率的影响。方法将88例慢性荨麻疹患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组44例。对照组给予盐酸奥洛他定片治疗,观察组给予孟鲁司特钠联合盐酸奥洛他定片治疗,疗程均为1个月。比较2组临床疗效及治疗前后IgE水平、皮肤病生活质量指数(DLQI)评分,治疗期间不良反应、6个月内复发率。结果治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组患者风团数量、大小、持续时间、发生频率及瘙痒程度评分和总分、血清IgE水平、DLQI量表各项评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组更低(P<0.05)。2组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访3、6个月时,治疗组复发率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论孟鲁司特钠联合盐酸奥洛他定片治疗慢性荨麻疹临床疗效更佳,更能有效降低IgE水平,提高患者生活质量,且6个月内复发率更低。

咪唑斯汀治疗急慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎的可行性分析

目的分析咪唑斯汀治疗急慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎的可行性。方法回顾性选取2020年2月—2021年2月山东省临朐县人民医院耳鼻喉科收治的100例急慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎患者的临床资料,依据用药方法分为咪唑斯汀组、西替利嗪组,各50例。咪唑斯汀组口服咪唑斯汀、西替利嗪组口服西替利嗪。比较两组的风团数、风团直径评分、症状评分、生活质量、临床疗效、不良反应发生情况、复发情况。结果用药前,两组风团数、风团直径评分、瘙痒、鼻痒、鼻塞、打喷嚏、流涕评分、生活质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05),用药后,两组的风团数、风团直径评分、瘙痒、鼻痒、鼻塞、打喷嚏、流涕评分均低于用药前,且咪唑斯汀组低于西替利嗪组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);用药后,生活质量评分均高于用药前,且咪唑斯汀组高于西替利嗪组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);咪唑斯汀组的总有效率为96.00%,高于西替利嗪组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.061,P<0.05)。咪唑斯汀组患者的不良反应发生率和复发率均低于西替利嗪组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论咪唑斯汀治疗急慢性荨麻疹并发过敏性鼻炎的可行性较高。

玉屏风颗粒联合卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性荨麻疹的效果分析

目的:探讨玉屏风颗粒联合卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性荨麻疹的效果。方法:选取2021年7月—2023年7月滨州市中心医院收治的慢性荨麻疹患者96例作为研究对象,随机分为试验组和对照组,各48例。对照组采用卡介菌多糖核酸治疗,试验组在对照组基础上采用玉屏风颗粒治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:治疗后,试验组瘙痒程度、风团数目、每日风团发作次数、风团最大直径、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、皮肤病生活质量指数评分,白细胞介素-4、白细胞介素-10、CD8^(+)水平,复发率均低于对照组,白细胞介素-2、CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:玉屏风颗粒联合卡介菌多糖核酸治疗慢性荨麻疹的效果良好,能够改善患者临床症状、睡眠质量与生活质量,减轻炎性反应,提高免疫功能,减少复发,且安全性较高。

地氯雷他定与氯雷他定治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的临床效果分析

目的:探讨地氯雷他定与氯雷他定治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹的临床效果。方法:选取2021年1月—2023年12月临沂市中医医院收治的慢性特发性荨麻疹患者104例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各52例。对照组接受氯雷他定治疗,观察组接受地氯雷他定治疗。比较两组治疗效果、不良反应发生情况、满意度、起效时间。结果:观察组治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.028);两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组总满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.008);两组治疗起效时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:地氯雷他定治疗慢性特发性荨麻疹效果优于氯雷他定,患者满意度更高,且未增加不良反应发生风险,未延长治疗起效时间。

富马酸卢帕他定片治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效及安全性研究

观察富马酸卢帕他定片治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效及安全性。选取2021年7月—2023年7月医院收治的90例慢性荨麻疹患者为研究对象,随机将患者分为对照组和试验组两组,每组各45例。对照组患者接受左西利替嗪治疗,试验组患者接受富马酸卢帕他定片治疗,比较两组患者治疗效果。结果显示,试验组治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05),不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,试验组患者各项症状评分、炎症因子指标和免疫指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);治疗3个月后,试验组患者的疾病复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。研究发现,富马酸卢帕他定片治疗慢性荨麻疹患者效果显著,其能明显改善患者免疫功能,减轻患者体内的炎症反应,缓解患者的临床症状,治疗安全性较高。

止痒消疹颗粒联合第2代抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹的临床疗效

目的:慢性荨麻疹呈反复发作的慢性经过,其一线用药为第2代抗组胺药,治疗选择有限,且抗组胺药的疗效存在个体差异,并不能满足所有患者的需求。本研究旨在探索止痒消疹颗粒联合抗组胺药治疗慢性荨麻疹患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:回顾性收集2020年4月至2021年3月就诊于中南大学湘雅医院,且诊断为慢性荨麻疹的患者的临床资料。接受常规的第2代抗组胺药治疗的患者为对照组,在常规的第2代抗组胺药治疗的基础上联合使用止痒消疹颗粒治疗的患者为观察组。比较治疗前和治疗4周后2组7日荨麻疹活动度评分(Weekly Urticaria Activity Score,UAS7)及皮肤病生活质量指数(Dermatology Life Quality Index,DLQI)的差异,采用症状积分下降指数(Symptom Score Reduce Index,SSRI)评价并比较2种治疗方案的疗效。结果:治疗4周后,2组的UAS7均明显降低(分别P=0.001,P<0.001)。尽管根据UAS7计算SSRI来评价疗效时,对照组和观察组的有效率分别为61.11%和59.38%,2组间疗效的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但是在根据DLQI计算SSRI来疗效评价时,对照组和观察组的有效率分别为33.33%和46.88%,2组间疗效的差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2组均有3例患者存在嗜睡的药物不良反应。结论:止痒消疹颗粒联合第2代抗组胺药可有效降低慢性荨麻疹患者的疾病活动度,且对生活质量的改善优于单用第2代抗组胺药。

从内风论治慢性自发性荨麻疹

慢性自发性荨麻疹(CSU)是慢性荨麻疹(CU)最常见的表型。西医治疗以二代抗组胺药为主,但约有50%的患者对抗组胺治疗产生抵抗,且容易复发。中医方面,多数医家从表风如风寒束表、风热犯表等角度进行论治,但仍有部分患者治疗效果欠佳。导师张丰川教授提出内风致病的观点,临床从内风论治CSU,效果较好,复发率低,本文从CSU的中医病因病机;内风与CSU的关系;从调整机体气血阴阳平衡、祛风填络、健脾祛湿、调畅情志四方面入手治疗CSU,深入探讨从内风论治CSU,为临床论治CSU提供理论参考。