Anti-insect Bioactivity of the Extracts from Cichorium intybus L. Leaves

In order to develop a new plant-source insecticide,some active components from Cichorium intybus L.were extracted with mineral ether,ethyl ether,ethyl acetate,respectively.It were testified the effects of the components on the development of Mythimna separate Walker and anti-feeding by feeding and weighting method.The results showed that the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly lower than the control;the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly different in different solvents in 3-5 days.The corrected mortality of the ethyl acetate treatment was the highest（52.05%）,and the development period of the larvae treated by ethyl acetate was about 4-10 days longer than the control and the corresponding pupating rate was the lowest（43.30%）.Therefore,the effect of ethyl acetate extract was most significant.Moreover,the pupa weight of the treatments was little more than the control.The extracts from Cichorium intybus L.leaves had highest bioactivity mainly in anti-feeding activity on Mythimna separate Walker.

Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L.,a traditional Uighur medicine,against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats

AIM: To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of a Cichorium intybus L. extract (CIE) on CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Effects of the Mixture of <i>Cichorium intybus</i>L. and <i>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</i>on Hepatic Enzymes Activity and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as a metabolic disorder affecting the liver function is rapidly increasing and there is a need to develop new and more efficient treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamon mixture infusion (2.5 and 0.5 g/100mL and twice/day) on patients with NAFLD. This before-after clinical trial study was performed on 25 patients with NAFLD. They were administered the mixture of extract prepared in special bags twice a day for 30 days. Hepatic and metabolic markers of NAFLD like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphates (ALP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), cholesterol (chol), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in plasma and also, fatty liver ultrasonographic grading were determined before and after using the extracts. 30-day treatment with extracts in NAFLD patients resulted in a significant decrease in ALT and AST. FBS, TG and ALP were also decreased after administration of the extracts but not significantly. A significant linear correlation was found between age and ALP, and between gender and liver enzymes. It is concluded that the mixture of Cichorium intybus L. and Cinnamon extracts has some benefits in NAFLD patients making them valuable for future investigations.

Change in Activities of Protective Enzymes in New Strains of Cichorium intybus L. Mutated in Outer Space under Water Stress

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of space mutation on the activities of protective enzymes in different strains of Cichorium intybus L. and provide theoretical basis for screening drought-tolerant plants in southern karst area. [Method] C. intybus seeds were sent into outer space by ＇Shijian No.8＇ seed- breeding satellite. The new strains and original variety of C. intybus L. were used as experimental materials to determine the activities of catalase （CAT）, peroxidase （POD）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） content. [Result] The results showed that MDA content in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 increased gradually with the increase of water stress duration, which was enhanced by 0.575, 0.72 and 0.844 μmol/g respectively at 12 days. In addition, the activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased rapidly; at 9 days, the activities of SOD in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 were enhanced by 878.9, 809.2 and 711.1 U/g, with the increas- ing range of 139.1%, 136.7% and 121.1%, respectively; the activities of POD were enhanced by 4 397, 3 754 and 2 767 U/（g ·min）, with the increasing range of 265.84%, 257.65% and 204.06%, respectively; the activities of CAT were enhanced by 402.1, 277.1 and 170.9 KU/L, with the increasing range of 73.08%, 39.69% and 26.20%, respectively; subsequently, the activities of these three protective enzymes were reduced significantly; at 12 days, the activities of SOD in PA-82, Puna chicory and PA-43 were reduced to 1206.5, 1144.7 and 1108.6 U/g, respectively; the activi- ties of POD were reduced to 3 145, 2 876 and 2 753 U/（g·min） , respectively; the activities of CAT were reduced to 587.2, 698.1 and 584.1 KU/L, respectively. [Con- clusion] According to the results of comprehensive evaluation, drought resistance in three C. intybus varieties exhibited a descending order of PA-82 〉 Puna chicory 〉 PA-43.

Effects of chicory(Cichorium intybus L.)on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

There is a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, which is slowly turning into apandemic as well as a major challenge across the world. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is described as a range ofliver conditions such as fat accumulation, hepatic steatosis, or end-stage liver disease. Patients with nonalcoholicfatty liver disease are asymptomatic and their mortality is higher than people without nonalcoholic fatty liverdisease. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been clearly determined yet. The “two hits”hypothesis is designed to explain the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dyslipidemia, oxidativestress, insulin resistance, obesity, and chronic inflammation are some of the morbidities involved in the progressionof nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is an herbaceous perennial, known as chicory.Chicory contains various compounds, such as vitamins, sonchuside A, caffeic acid derivatives,fructo-oligosaccharides, chlorogenic acid, magnolialide, polysaccharides, coumarins, phenolic acids, terpenoids,flavonoids, polyphenol, cichoriosides, ixerisosides, eudesmanolides, inulin, bitter sesquiterpene lactones, andalkaloids. Current research has revealed that chicory supplementation might be effective in the treatment ofnonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic,antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant properties of chicory provide plausible mechanisms by which chicory mayaffect the various steps of disease progression and severity. Existing studies have shown that chicorysupplementation has beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, but the existence of only one humanstudy and possible side effects of chicory necessitate further studies.

Advances in Research of Cichorium intybus L.in Preventing and Treating Hyperuricemia

With the rapid social development,people s living habits have undergone great changes.Fast-paced lifestyles have led to an increase in people s unhealthy living habits,especially in diet,such as unreasonable dietary structure and irregular diet.In this situation,the number of patients with hyperuricemia has also been increasing,and the hyperuricemia trend is becoming younger.Clinically,western medicines for lowering uric acid are commonly used,which are not safe and have the risk of injuring the liver and kidney functions.Cichorium intybus L.as a medicinal and edible material,plays an important role in treating the hyperuricemia.Recent studies have shown that C.intybus has significant effect of lowering the uric acid.This paper reviewed the experimental studies of C.intybus inhibiting uric acid production and promoting uric acid excretion,discussed its therapeutic effects and action mechanism,to provide a reference for the development of C.intybus drugs for lowering the uric acid.

12C^(6+)辐射对菊苣根黄酮类物质及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究12C^(6+)辐射对菊苣中黄酮类物质及抗氧化活性的影响,以菊苣根为试验材料,测定不同12C^(6+)辐射剂量下总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性。利用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱仪(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS),对总黄酮含量显著增加的20、40 Gy辐射组与对照组中黄酮类物质进行靶向代谢组学分析。结果表明,10~40 Gy12C^(6+)辐射均提高了菊苣根总黄酮含量,其中20、40 Gy辐射组含量提升最显著;鉴定出5类11种黄酮类代谢物,橙皮素、氯化矢车菊素-3-O-芸香糖苷是响应12C^(6+)辐射致菊苣根总黄酮含量升高的关键差异代谢物,12C^(6+)辐射影响了紫云英苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素和橙皮素的合成。类黄酮生物合成途径(ko00941)、黄酮和黄酮醇的生物合成途径(ko00944)富集显著。20、40 Gy剂量辐射提高了菊苣根黄酮提取液的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2’-联氮-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+)自由基清除能力及铁离子还原能力(FRAP),显著增强了其抗氧化活性。综上,20、40 Gy剂量的12C^(6+)辐射能提高菊苣根中总黄酮含量,改变菊苣根中黄酮类物质种类及含量,并增强其抗氧化活性。本研究结果为进一步研究菊苣辐射诱变育种提供了理论依据。

菊苣肉质根膨大与其生理及基因表达变化初步研究

初步探究菊苣肉质根膨大发育进程的农艺性状、生理指标和基因表达变化,以期进一步探讨肉质根发育的生理和分子调控机理。以盆栽根用菊苣‘Hera’和叶用菊苣‘将军’为材料,获取8个不同发育时期的肉质根样品,对糖和内源激素进行定量分析,并对转录因子基因进行qPCR表达量分析。结果表明,根用菊苣根径、根干质量、根冠比和根库活性均大于叶用菊苣。‘Hera’肉质根果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量分别在S2、S3和S4时期最高,且葡萄糖、果糖含量在各时期均高于‘将军’。‘Hera’肉质根生长素IAA、细胞分裂素CTK和赤霉素GA含量均呈现膨大前期高、中期低、后期较高的态势,转录因子基因CiMYB73、CiERF13、CiNAC017、CibZIP53均在S2时期(播种后38 d)呈现高表达。根用菊苣与叶用菊苣农艺性状差异显著,糖和激素可能协同作用于肉质根的膨大发育,播种后38 d可能为菊苣肉质根膨大发育的关键时期。研究结果对后续菊苣肉质根的遗传调控研究、基因工程改良等有一定的参考价值。

基于果蝇模型建立的菊苣提取物抗尿酸盐沉积作用研究

目的:建立尿酸盐沉积果蝇模型并确定其造模条件,并初步观察菊苣提取物抗尿酸盐沉积的作用。方法:以5%酵母提取物饲喂诱导果蝇尿酸盐沉积,通过果蝇马氏小管及后肠偏振光成像、六胺银染色及其匀浆液尿酸水平评价果蝇尿酸盐沉积状态,考察雌雄性别、不同造模时间对果蝇尿酸盐沉积的影响,并应用该模型研究菊苣提取物抗尿酸盐沉积的作用。结果:5%酵母提取物饲喂可成功诱导果蝇尿酸盐沉积;雄性果蝇在造模3 d后开始出现尿酸盐沉积,在造模7 d后大部分出现尿酸盐沉积,各造模时间点果蝇马氏小管及后肠匀浆液尿酸水平持续升高,各造模时间点之间差异不明显;雌性果蝇在造模10 d后开始出现尿酸盐沉积,在造模14 d后大部分出现尿酸盐沉积,各造模时间点果蝇马氏小管及后肠匀浆液尿酸水平持续升高,马氏小管及后肠匀浆液尿酸水平持续升高,各造模时间点之间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);菊苣提取物可减少果蝇马氏小管及后肠偏振光信号,并明显降低其匀浆液的尿酸水平(P<0.001)。结论:以5%酵母提取物饲喂雌性果蝇14 d可较稳定诱导尿酸盐沉积,菊苣提取物可在果蝇模式动物上发挥抗尿酸盐沉积的作用。

菊苣TCP基因家族鉴定与分析

TCP转录因子参与调控植物多种生理过程,包括植物叶片发育、花发育、分枝的形成等方面。菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)是一种优良牧草,但目前还未有关于其TCP基因家族研究的报道。本研究基于菊苣全基因组数据,利用拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)、生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)TCP基因家族的氨基酸序列,对菊苣TCP基因家族成员进行鉴定筛选,最终得到39个菊苣TCP基因家族成员。接着利用生物信息学方法对这些成员进行分析发现,39个成员不均匀分布在9条染色体上;氨基酸数目为113~498,分子量为12425.84~56266.57Da;所有成员分为3个亚家族;均含有保守的basic-helix-loop-helix(bHLH)结构域;顺式作用元件分析发现,菊苣TCP家族成员具有多种激素、非生物胁迫和生长发育响应元件;对CIN类TCP基因在菊苣各组织和高温胁迫下进行表达分析发现,这些成员可能参与菊苣的叶片发育调控且对高温胁迫响应。本研究可以为改良菊苣牧草品质提供理论依据。

菊苣苦味素提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性分析

为充分利用菊苣资源,探究菊苣生产菊粉加工副产品中菊苣苦味素利用价值,本文在单因素实验的基础上,采用超声波结合响应面法对菊苣根苦味素进行提取与参数优化,以获得最佳提取参数,以液质分析对菊苣苦味素进行了成分分析,最后对菊苣苦味素的体外抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:在乙醇浓度80%、超声温度35℃、超声时间24 min、超声功率450 W,液料比33:1 mL/g条件下,菊苣苦味素的得率为1.18%±0.015%。液质分析结果显示,菊苣苦味素主要含有7种化合物,分别为地胆草丁、秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、绿原酸、莴苣酸、山莴苣素及山莴苣苦素。体外抗氧化活性实验结果表明,菊苣苦味素对DPPH·、ABTS^(+)·、羟自由基清除能力的半数清除浓度(IC_(50))分别为0.271、0.0734和0.130 mg/mL,且清除能力与浓度呈现浓度依赖性;菊苣苦味素浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,菊苣苦味素的总还原能力达到了1.108,研究为菊苣苦味素的利用提供了理论和实践基础。

不同采收期对菊苣根系营养成分和芽球产量的影响

以自选的菊苣株系为研究对象,于2020年9月9日播种,播种后76~181 d每隔1周左右采收1次,测定根的糖分、可溶性蛋白质、游离氨基酸含量以及软化后芽球的形态指标,探讨不同采收期对根系营养成分及芽球产量的影响。结果表明:根和叶含水量均随气温下降而降低并在大寒节气前后达到最低点;在播种后76~153 d,根的总糖含量持续增加,而还原糖含量则为当最低气温低于0℃且持续时间较长时增加,153 d以后根的总糖含量逐渐下降而还原糖含量的变化规律也发生了改变;根的可溶性蛋白质含量在104~146 d明显下降,游离氨基酸含量在90~160 d上升,以后下降。相关性分析表明,播种后76~153 d采收的植株,其芽球直径和重量分别与根的干重、总糖、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量呈显著相关,芽球转化率仅与单位重量根中的还原糖含量呈显著相关,软化天数分别与根干重、总糖、还原糖、游离氨基酸含量呈显著负相关。综合分析表明,所选菊苣株系在越冬期间未发生冻害,适当延期采收可使包括糖分和氨基酸在内的干物质充分积累,在南京地区1月初至2月上旬采收植株有利于保证芽球产量和品质。

菊苣活性成分研究进展

菊苣是一种分布广泛的菊科植物,主要以多糖类、黄酮类、多酚类、倍半萜内酯类、香豆素类等活性成分,还含有矿物质、氨基酸、维生素等成分,被认为是一种食品功能的潜在载体。本文主要针对菊苣不同生物活性研究进展进行归纳,为菊苣的研究开发和利用提供借鉴参考。

菊苣的营养成分及在动物生产中的应用进展

菊苣中含有大量的营养成分,包括碳水化合物、氨基酸、蛋白质、矿物质元素,具有生物活性的酚类、挥发油、倍半萜内酯等化合物。因菊苣具有鲜草产量高、营养价值高等特点,在动物饲料中被广泛应用。菊苣味道鲜美,并且具有清肝利胆、健胃消食等药用价值,目前已经成为食品、药物的提取原料。文章综述了菊苣作为饲用牧草的饲用价值和在动物生产中的应用研究进展,为菊苣在动物生产中的进一步推广与应用提供参考。

菊苣种子中五种生物活性成分检测分析

采用加热回流法提取菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)种子中的总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚、总皂苷、总生物碱的含量,利用紫外可见分光光度计测定其吸光度,计算活性成分含量率。结果表明,菊苣种子中菊苣总多糖(29%)、总黄酮(19%)含量较高,总多酚(11%)、总皂苷(8%)含量相近,总生物碱含量最低(2%)。该方法提取工艺简便,重现性好,具有一定的参考价值。

菊苣中酚类化合物的HPLC-ECD指纹图谱及抗氧化活性谱-效关系

建立不同产地菊苣的高效液相色谱-电化学检测法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrochemical Detection,HPLC-ECD)指纹图谱,采用DPPH、ABTS+自由基清除能力和铁离子还原能力来评价菊苣的体外抗氧化活性,并应用皮尔逊分析、灰色关联度分析和偏最小二乘法回归分析研究菊苣指纹图谱与抗氧化活性之间的“谱-效”关系,探寻菊苣的抗氧化活性成分。该研究从建立的21批不同产地的菊苣指纹图谱中,指认出13个酚类化学成分。菊苣提取物的最高总酚含量达30.76 mg GAE/g,其峰面积与抗氧化活性的相关系数大于0.92,“谱-效”关系研究表明对抗氧化活性贡献较大的有菊苣酸、单咖啡酰酒石酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A、1,5-二咖啡酰奎宁酸、异绿原酸C,表明其化学成分与抗氧化活性之间具有显著的相关性(P<0.01)。该研究建立的HPLC-ECD的菊苣指纹图谱结合统计分析方法研究“谱-效”,既体现样品化学成分的差异性,又可直接反映样品的抗氧化活性,该方法简单、可靠,为菊苣的质量评价及产品开发提供参考。

菊苣根提取物的抑菌活性研究

采用离体的试验方法测定了菊苣根的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和乙醇提取物对7种植物病原真菌和3种细菌的抑制活性。采用盆栽试验方法测定了菊苣根提取物对小麦白粉病的防治效果。结果表明,乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物均有一定的抑制植物病原真菌和细菌活性。且乙酸乙酯提取物效果更佳。在10 g.L-1浓度下,乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制小麦赤霉病菌、玉米大斑病菌和烟草赤星病菌3种病原真菌菌丝的生长,抑制率均在85%以上;对小麦根腐病菌、玉米大斑病菌和烟草赤星病菌的孢子萌发抑制率也均在80%以上;对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达21.01 mm和17.23 mm;对盆栽小麦白粉病的预防和治疗作用分别为50.93%和65.82%。

HPLC测定菊苣药材中的有效成分

目的测定菊苣药材中有效成分的含量。方法采用HPLC法。结果秦皮甲素、秦皮乙素、山莴苣苦素、羽扇豆醇的回收率分别为102.01%、102.99%、102.86%、101.06%,RSD分别为2.84%、2.60%、1.12%、2.47%,其回归方程的相关系数分别为0.9995、0.9998、0.9996、0.9992。结论所用方法准确、快速、简便、重复性好,可用于菊苣有效成分的含量测定。

菊苣菊粉提取与纯化研究

以普那菊苣为原料，对菊苣菊粉提取、纯化工艺进行了优化研究。结果表明，菊粉提取的最佳工艺条件为：原料为粉状，温度85℃，固液比为1：30，提取时间为60min，菊粉的提取率达58．58％。纯化时石灰乳脱蛋白的最佳处理温度为70～80℃。提取液最佳脱色工艺条件为：脱色温度70℃，脱色时间50min，活性碳用量为20g／L，脱色率为69．13％，菊粉损失率为7．93％。

盐胁迫对菊苣幼苗脯氨酸积累及其代谢途径的影响

以菊苣(Cichoriumintybus L.)为材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理对菊苣幼苗体内脯氨酸代谢的影响,以期揭示菊苣中脯氨酸代谢的基本规律。结果表明:随着处理浓度的增加,菊苣中鸟氨酸δ-氨基转移酶(δ-OAT)活性呈上升趋势;吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)活性呈现先升后降的趋势;脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)活性呈下降趋势;而脯氨酸含量则显著上升(P<0.05),但高浓度长时间处理后略有降低。研究表明,NaCl胁迫下谷氨酸(Glu)途径和鸟氨酸(Orn)途径对菊苣中脯氨酸的积累均有贡献,低浓度胁迫时P5CS起关键作用的Glu途径占主导地位,高浓度胁迫时δ-OAT起关键作用的Orn途径占主导地位。