BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation(STC)is a disorder with delayed colonic transit.Cinnamic acid(CA)is an organic acid in natural plants,such as Radix Scrophulariae(Xuan Shen),with low toxicity and biological activit...BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation(STC)is a disorder with delayed colonic transit.Cinnamic acid(CA)is an organic acid in natural plants,such as Radix Scrophulariae(Xuan Shen),with low toxicity and biological activities to modulate the intestinal microbiome.AIM To explore the potential effects of CA on the intestinal microbiome and the primary endogenous metabolites-short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and evaluate the therapeutic effects of CA in STC.METHODS Loperamide was applied to induce STC in mice.The treatment effects of CA on STC mice were assessed from the 24 h defecations,fecal moisture and intestinal transit rate.The enteric neurotransmitters:5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue and Periodic acid Schiff staining were used to evaluate intestinal mucosa's histopathological performance and secretory function.16S rDNA was employed to analyze the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome.The SCFAs in stool samples were quantitatively detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS CA ameliorated the symptoms of STC and treated STC effectively.CA ameliorated the infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes,increased the number of goblet cells and acidic mucus secretion of the mucosa.In addition,CA significantly increased the concentration of 5-HT and reduced VIP.CA significantly improved the diversity and abundance of the beneficial microbiome.Furthermore,the production of SCFAs[including acetic acid(AA),butyric acid(BA),propionic acid(PA)and valeric acid(VA)]was significantly promoted by CA.The changed abundance of Firmicutes,Akkermansia,Lachnoclostridium,Monoglobus,UCG.005,Paenalcaligenes,Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter were involved in the production of AA,BA,PA and VA.CONCLUSION CA could treat STC effectively by ameliorating the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome to regulate the production of SCFAs.展开更多
To investigate the effects of a plant autotoxin, cinnamic acid, on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings under salt stress, we used cucumber as the experimental material, cinnamic acid as...To investigate the effects of a plant autotoxin, cinnamic acid, on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings under salt stress, we used cucumber as the experimental material, cinnamic acid as the autotoxin, and NaCl to apply salt stress. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and clone sequencing. Salt stress decreased the diversity of bacterial species in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings at several growth stages. Cinnamic acid exacerbated the effects of salt stress at high concentrations, but alleviated its effects at low concentrations. Cloning and sequencing results indicated that DGGE bands amplified from soil samples showed high homology to uncultured bacterial species. Cinnamic acid at 50 mg kg^-1 soil improved cucumber growth and was the most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of salt stress on bacterial communities.展开更多
A sensitive, simple, and accurate method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic comparison of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after the administration of a Traditional Chinese Medicinal preparation, Di-Gu...A sensitive, simple, and accurate method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic comparison of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after the administration of a Traditional Chinese Medicinal preparation, Di-Gu-Pi decoction, and pure cinnamic acid using RP-HPLC. Di-Gu-Pi was extracted with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, which was followed by purification with ion exchange column chromatography. The plasma samples taken from rats were deproteinized with methanol. The reversed-phase (HPLC) system with a Diamonsil C18 column and methanol-acetonitfile-water (8: 32: 60, volume ratio) (adjusted to pH = 3.0 with glacial acetic acid) as the mobile phase was employed for the separation of cinnamic acid in the plasma samples. The detection was set at 272 nm and 3-(p-fluoro-phenyl)-2-propenoic acid was chosen as the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in a range from 0. 10 to 25.0μg/mL (R2 = 0. 9988, n = 9). The precision was 3.42%-10. 10%; the between-day precision was 2. 84%-8.91% ; the accuracy was - 1.51%-1.26% ; the mean recovery was 99. 9%. The method was found to be sensitive, simple, accurate and appropriate for the determination of cinnamic acid.展开更多
Thirteen solid rare earth tesnary complexes with cinnamic acid C 6H 5CH=CHCOOH, HL and o phenanthroline (phen), RE(phen)L 3 were synthesized. Their IR absorption spectra, molar conductance, TG DTA, X ray power d...Thirteen solid rare earth tesnary complexes with cinnamic acid C 6H 5CH=CHCOOH, HL and o phenanthroline (phen), RE(phen)L 3 were synthesized. Their IR absorption spectra, molar conductance, TG DTA, X ray power diffraction analysis and fluorescence spectra were studied. The results show that all coordination compounds are oxidized and decomposed around 400 ℃ to 540 ℃. They are all crystalline material. The fluorescence spectra indicate that the fluorescence emission intensity of Eu(phen)L 3 is the highest among them.展开更多
In order to study the effects of exogenous cinnamic acids on plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane at cucumber seedling stage, the seedlings of Shando...In order to study the effects of exogenous cinnamic acids on plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane at cucumber seedling stage, the seedlings of Shandong Mici cucumber were tested. The results showed that seedlings growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane were inhibited by cinnamic acids. The growth and root activities of seedlings were significantly (P〈0.05) lower in the soil amended with 100 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids compared to the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid of seedlings significantly (P〈0.05) decreased in the soil amended with 200 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids, whereas ATPase activities exhibited a higher sensitivity and greatly decreased in the soil amended with 50 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids. These results suggested that cinnamic acids could induce a stress condition, and the stress intensities increased with enhanced cinnamic acid concentration.展开更多
Two new cinnamic acid derivatives named biondinin C and biondinin D were isolated from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii pamp. The structures were elucidated by the spectral data including ~1H, ~1H COSY, ~1H-^(13)C ...Two new cinnamic acid derivatives named biondinin C and biondinin D were isolated from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii pamp. The structures were elucidated by the spectral data including ~1H, ~1H COSY, ~1H-^(13)C COSY spectra.展开更多
A 3D homochiral coordination polymer [Mn(edca)]n(1) was synthesized from a flexible coupled cinnamic acid ligand, 2,2?-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)) dicinnamic acid(H_2 edca) and MnCl_2×4 H_2 O under solvo...A 3D homochiral coordination polymer [Mn(edca)]n(1) was synthesized from a flexible coupled cinnamic acid ligand, 2,2?-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)) dicinnamic acid(H_2 edca) and MnCl_2×4 H_2 O under solvothermal conditions. The complex crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P2_12_12_1 with a = 5.5785(8), b = 13.0393(18), c = 23.133(3) A, V = 1682.7(4) A^3, M_r = 407.27, D_c = 1.608 Mg/cm^3, F(000) = 836, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0240 and wR = 0.0590 for 2983 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)). In 1, the edca2+ anions alternately bridge the Mn(Ⅱ) cations to form one-dimensional(1 D) infinite helical chains of [Mn(edca)]n, which are further connected by the ligands generating a three-dimensional(3D) homochiral network. The photoluminescence of 1 was also investigated in solid state at ambient temperature.展开更多
A new metal-organic network, [Cd(CH_3OH)_2(epa)]_n(1), was synthesized from an achiral coupled cinnamic acid, 3,3?-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))diacrylic acid(H_2epa), and Cd(NO3)2...A new metal-organic network, [Cd(CH_3OH)_2(epa)]_n(1), was synthesized from an achiral coupled cinnamic acid, 3,3?-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))diacrylic acid(H_2epa), and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O under solvothermal conditions. The complex crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P2_12_12 with a = 9.8286(8), b = 21.0004(16), c = 5.5169(4) A, V = 1138.71(15) A3, M_r = 528.81, D_c = 1.542 Mg/cm3, F(000) = 536, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0345 and wR = 0.1101 for 2006 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)). In 1 the epa^(2+) anions alternately bridge the Cd(II) cations to form a one-dimensional(1D) infinite homochiral helical chain of [Cd(epa)]n. The chiral homohelical chains via hydrogen bonds formed a two-dimensional(2D) network. The photoluminescence of 1 was also investigated in solid state at ambient temperature.展开更多
[Objectives] To establish a HPLC method for the quantitative determination of cinnamic acid in Stephania longa Lour. [Methods]The chromatographic column: Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C_(18)( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm); mobil...[Objectives] To establish a HPLC method for the quantitative determination of cinnamic acid in Stephania longa Lour. [Methods]The chromatographic column: Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C_(18)( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid( 24∶ 76); flow rate: 1 mL/min; column temperature: 30℃; wavelength: 285 nm. [Results]The cinnamic acid was in a good linear relationship in the range of 0. 021 7-0. 076 μg,the sample recovery rate was 100. 46%,the RSD was 2. 20%,and the content was in the range of 0. 004%-0. 022%. [Conclusions] The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of S. longa Lour.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to determine the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in Chinese herb rhubarb by HPLC.[Method]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established with the following conditions:The...[Objective]The paper was to determine the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in Chinese herb rhubarb by HPLC.[Method]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established with the following conditions:Thermo SCIENTIFIC Hypersil GOLD Dim column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution,gradient elution,detection wavelength 278 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10 pL.[Result]The content of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in rhubarb was determined by HPLC,and they showed good linear relationship in the linear ranges of 0.125-1.250 pg(E2=0.9998)and 0.0382-0.3820μg(E2=0.9994),respectively.[Conclusion]A HPLC method is established to determine gallic acid and cinnamic acid content in rhubarb.The method will provide a scientific basis for quality control of rhubarb and its traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
In this study,the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS,107 g/cfu)and different levels(0.025%,0.050%,0.075%and 0.150%)of trans-cinnamic acid(CA)on fish growth performance,whole body compositions,digestive e...In this study,the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS,107 g/cfu)and different levels(0.025%,0.050%,0.075%and 0.150%)of trans-cinnamic acid(CA)on fish growth performance,whole body compositions,digestive enzymes,intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)were investigated.Six different experimental groups including control group(C),C+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,0.075CA+BS,0.150%CA+BS)were established.According to the results obtained,growth performance,whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups.Further,no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes(trypsin,alkaline phosphatase and lipase)and gastric pepsin.Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups.Moreover,coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B.subtilis and lowest in the 0.150%CA+B.subtilis groups.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the effects of berberine (BBR) and cinnamic acid (CA), the main active components in Jiaotai Pill (交泰丸, JTP), on palmitic acid (PA)-induced intracellular tdglyceride (TG) accumu...Objective: To investigate the effects of berberine (BBR) and cinnamic acid (CA), the main active components in Jiaotai Pill (交泰丸, JTP), on palmitic acid (PA)-induced intracellular tdglyceride (TG) accumulation in NIT-1 pancreatic 13 cells. Methods: Cells were incubated in culture medium containing PA (0.25 mmol/L) for 24 h. Then treatments with BBR (10 μmol/L), CA (100 μmol/L) and the combination of BBR and CA (BBR+CA) were performed respectively. Intracellular lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining and TG content was measured by colorimetric assay. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein and its downstream lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylation acetyl-coA carboxylase (pACC), carnitine acyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) and sterol regulating element binding protein lc (SREBP-lc) were determined by Western blot or real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: PA induced an obvious lipid accumulation and a significant increase in intracellular TG content in NIT-1 cells. PA also induced a remarkable decrease in AMPK protein expression and its downstream targets such as pACC and CPT-I. Meanwhile, AMPK downstream lipogenic genes including SREBP-lc mRNA, FAS and ACC protein expressions were increased. Treatments with BBR and BBR+CA, superior to CA, significantly reversed the above genes changes in NIT-1 pancreatic 13 cells. However, the synergistic effect of BBR and CA on intracellular TG content was not observed in the present study. Conclusion: It can be concluded that in vitro, BBR and BBR+CA could inhibit PA-induced lipid accumulation by decreasing lipoqenesis and increasin.cl lipid oxidation in NIT-1 pancreatic B cells.展开更多
The habituation of cell cultures to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil (DCB) represents a valu- able tool to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in plant cell wall structural plastici...The habituation of cell cultures to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil (DCB) represents a valu- able tool to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in plant cell wall structural plasticity. Maize cell lines habituated to lethal concentrations of DCB were able to grow through the acquisition of a modified cell wall in which cellulose was partially replaced by a more extensive network of arabinoxylans. The aim of this work was to investigate the phenolic metabolism of non-habituated and DCB-habituated maize cell cultures. Maize cell cultures were fed [14C]cinnamate and the fate of the radioactivity in different intra-protoplasmic and wall-localized fractions throughout the culture cycle was analyzed by autoradiography and scintillation counting. Non-habituated and habituated cultures did not markedly differ in their ability to uptake exogenous [14C]cinnamic acid. However, interesting differences were found in the radiolabeling of low- and high-Mr metabolites. Habituated cultures displayed a higher number and amount of radiola-beled low-Mr compounds, which could act as reserves later used for polysaccharide feruloylation. DCB-habituated cultures were highly enriched in esterified [14C]dehydrodiferulates and larger coupling products. In conclusion, an extensive and early cross-linking of hydroxycinnamates was observed in DCB-habituated cultures, probably strengthening their cellulose-deficient walls.展开更多
In this study, cinnamic acid derivatives with pyridine ring were synthesized via Hantzsch reaction in order to expand conjugation system and their antioxidant abilities were tested. According to the evaluation results...In this study, cinnamic acid derivatives with pyridine ring were synthesized via Hantzsch reaction in order to expand conjugation system and their antioxidant abilities were tested. According to the evaluation results of their antioxidant properties, compounds 2 and 3 have similar antioxidant activity to prevent DNA from *OH- and Cu2+/GSH induced oxidation, demonstrating that 1,4-dihydropyridine and pyridine nucleus exhibit good resistance to oxidation while the substituents have little effect. In the meantime, the AAPH-induced oxidative DNA damage [AAPH=2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride] and trapping ABTS+* test show that N--H bond and large conjugation systems are the pivotal parts to improve the activities of antioxidant.展开更多
A magnetic-separated catalyst of chitosan-palladium complex (Fe3O-CS-Pd) based on chitosan coated Fe3O4 microspheres was prepared by the "bottom-up" approach. The catalytic behavior of the catalyst in the cross co...A magnetic-separated catalyst of chitosan-palladium complex (Fe3O-CS-Pd) based on chitosan coated Fe3O4 microspheres was prepared by the "bottom-up" approach. The catalytic behavior of the catalyst in the cross coupling reaction of acrylic acid (AA) with iodobenzene (ArI) was investigated. Compared with the traditional homogeneous palladium catalysts, the catalyst was easily separated and reused.展开更多
A convenient and easy method is described for the formation of carboxamides from carboxylic acids and primary amines in solventless conditions using infrared (IR) light. Thus, under IR light, cinnamic acid derivatives...A convenient and easy method is described for the formation of carboxamides from carboxylic acids and primary amines in solventless conditions using infrared (IR) light. Thus, under IR light, cinnamic acid derivatives and amines can produce yields ranging from 50% to 85% of the resulting amide.展开更多
A series of binuclear complexes with different molar ratio of europium to yttrium with cinnamic acid and o phenanthroline were synthesized in anhydrous alcohol. Elemental analysis shows that the composition of the co...A series of binuclear complexes with different molar ratio of europium to yttrium with cinnamic acid and o phenanthroline were synthesized in anhydrous alcohol. Elemental analysis shows that the composition of the complexes are Eu x Y 1- x (phen)L 3 (L: C 6H 5CH=CHCOO, x =1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1). The IR absorption spectra indicate that cinnamate is coordinated to the rare earth ions and chemical bonds are formed between rare earth ions and nitrogen atoms of o phenanthroline. Fluorescent spectra show that the emission of Eu 3+ ion can be greatly enhanced if some of europium ions in the complexes are substituted by yttrium ions.展开更多
A novel hydrochloride quaternary ammonium salt (E)-4-(benzyloxy)-2-(cinnamo- yloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-l-aminium chloride (Cz3HzgNO4Cl2, Mr = 454.37) has been synthesized via the sequence of acetylatio...A novel hydrochloride quaternary ammonium salt (E)-4-(benzyloxy)-2-(cinnamo- yloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-l-aminium chloride (Cz3HzgNO4Cl2, Mr = 454.37) has been synthesized via the sequence of acetylation and esterification by using L-carnitine (L-4-N-trimethy- lammonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid, LC) and cinnamic acid as the starting materials, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P212121 with a = 10.1670(4), b = 10.4488(4), c = 22.9795(11)A, V = 2441.18(18)A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.236 g/cm3,μ(MoKa) = 0.293 mm-1, F(000) = 960, Flack factor = -0.01(11), the final R = 0.0489 and wR = 0.1550 for 3350 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(/)) and R = 0.0953 for all 5648 unique reflections. The crystal structure involves a conjugated system which shows a reverse olefin structure.展开更多
Side reaction pathways are observed to occur between antioxidants and peroxide during the processing of multiple resin grades mediated by controlled peroxide-induced degradation of impact polypropylene.In the present ...Side reaction pathways are observed to occur between antioxidants and peroxide during the processing of multiple resin grades mediated by controlled peroxide-induced degradation of impact polypropylene.In the present work,the reaction mechanism and main by-products between antioxidants and peroxides were investigated.The results demonstrate that peroxides greatly accelerate the decomposition reactions,and the free radicals formed from peroxide decomposition react with,for example,the antioxidant AO1010 to produce dehydrogenation of phenyl propionic unit(s)at the a position(cinnamic acid ester moiety),which generates a conjugated system leading to the increased color of the product.It is the first time to confirm the cinnamic acid moiety's existence and report its NMR data.Further,this work confirms the dehydrogenation mechanism by comparison with different sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants.It also systematically summarizes the oxidation and degradation mechanism of AO168 and AO1010 under air and peroxide environments,respectively.Based on present study,clear guidelines are obtained to improve the quality of polymeric products,especially the appearance and stability,during product development.展开更多
The inhibitory allelopathic activities of leaves and leaf-origin suspension cultured cells of <i>Spiraea</i> <i>thunbergii</i>, and putative allelochemicals, <i>cis</i>- and <i&g...The inhibitory allelopathic activities of leaves and leaf-origin suspension cultured cells of <i>Spiraea</i> <i>thunbergii</i>, and putative allelochemicals, <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid, were investigated by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis (DIA-PP method) using lettuce as a recipient. The optimal conditions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA) for the cell division of <i>S</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> protoplasts were first examined using 50 μL liquid MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, and 0.8 M mannitol in a 96-well culture plate. The hormonal condition for co-culture, 1 μM 2,4-D plus 0.1 μM BA, which was optimal for lettuce protoplast growth, was sub-optimal for <i>S</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> protoplasts. Effects of co-culture on the three stages of lettuce protoplast growth, <i>i.e.</i>, cell wall formation, cell division, and yellow pigment accumulation, were examined. Protoplasts of leaf and suspension cells of <i>S</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> strongly inhibited lettuce protoplast growth at the cell division stage (100% inhibition at 80 - 100 × 10<sup>3</sup> mL<sup>-1</sup>), but not so much at the other two stages. Both <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid, showed the strongest inhibition at the cell wall formation stage, and 100% inhibition at the cell division stage at 100 μM. These results were compared with those obtained in a lettuce seedling growth test, using different allelopathic plants, and their allelochemicals were studied by the DIA-PP method.展开更多
基金Supported by the "333 Scientific Project" of Jiangsu Province in 2020, No. BRA2020237the Science and Technology Project of Suqian, Jiangsu Province in 2020, No. Z2020057
文摘BACKGROUND Slow transit constipation(STC)is a disorder with delayed colonic transit.Cinnamic acid(CA)is an organic acid in natural plants,such as Radix Scrophulariae(Xuan Shen),with low toxicity and biological activities to modulate the intestinal microbiome.AIM To explore the potential effects of CA on the intestinal microbiome and the primary endogenous metabolites-short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)and evaluate the therapeutic effects of CA in STC.METHODS Loperamide was applied to induce STC in mice.The treatment effects of CA on STC mice were assessed from the 24 h defecations,fecal moisture and intestinal transit rate.The enteric neurotransmitters:5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue and Periodic acid Schiff staining were used to evaluate intestinal mucosa's histopathological performance and secretory function.16S rDNA was employed to analyze the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome.The SCFAs in stool samples were quantitatively detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.RESULTS CA ameliorated the symptoms of STC and treated STC effectively.CA ameliorated the infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes,increased the number of goblet cells and acidic mucus secretion of the mucosa.In addition,CA significantly increased the concentration of 5-HT and reduced VIP.CA significantly improved the diversity and abundance of the beneficial microbiome.Furthermore,the production of SCFAs[including acetic acid(AA),butyric acid(BA),propionic acid(PA)and valeric acid(VA)]was significantly promoted by CA.The changed abundance of Firmicutes,Akkermansia,Lachnoclostridium,Monoglobus,UCG.005,Paenalcaligenes,Psychrobacter and Acinetobacter were involved in the production of AA,BA,PA and VA.CONCLUSION CA could treat STC effectively by ameliorating the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiome to regulate the production of SCFAs.
基金funded by the National 973 Program of China(2009CB119004-05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771252)the Education Department Project of Heilongjiang Province,China(11531018)
文摘To investigate the effects of a plant autotoxin, cinnamic acid, on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings under salt stress, we used cucumber as the experimental material, cinnamic acid as the autotoxin, and NaCl to apply salt stress. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), and clone sequencing. Salt stress decreased the diversity of bacterial species in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings at several growth stages. Cinnamic acid exacerbated the effects of salt stress at high concentrations, but alleviated its effects at low concentrations. Cloning and sequencing results indicated that DGGE bands amplified from soil samples showed high homology to uncultured bacterial species. Cinnamic acid at 50 mg kg^-1 soil improved cucumber growth and was the most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of salt stress on bacterial communities.
文摘A sensitive, simple, and accurate method was developed for the determination and pharmacokinetic comparison of cinnamic acid in rat plasma after the administration of a Traditional Chinese Medicinal preparation, Di-Gu-Pi decoction, and pure cinnamic acid using RP-HPLC. Di-Gu-Pi was extracted with 5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate, which was followed by purification with ion exchange column chromatography. The plasma samples taken from rats were deproteinized with methanol. The reversed-phase (HPLC) system with a Diamonsil C18 column and methanol-acetonitfile-water (8: 32: 60, volume ratio) (adjusted to pH = 3.0 with glacial acetic acid) as the mobile phase was employed for the separation of cinnamic acid in the plasma samples. The detection was set at 272 nm and 3-(p-fluoro-phenyl)-2-propenoic acid was chosen as the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in a range from 0. 10 to 25.0μg/mL (R2 = 0. 9988, n = 9). The precision was 3.42%-10. 10%; the between-day precision was 2. 84%-8.91% ; the accuracy was - 1.51%-1.26% ; the mean recovery was 99. 9%. The method was found to be sensitive, simple, accurate and appropriate for the determination of cinnamic acid.
文摘Thirteen solid rare earth tesnary complexes with cinnamic acid C 6H 5CH=CHCOOH, HL and o phenanthroline (phen), RE(phen)L 3 were synthesized. Their IR absorption spectra, molar conductance, TG DTA, X ray power diffraction analysis and fluorescence spectra were studied. The results show that all coordination compounds are oxidized and decomposed around 400 ℃ to 540 ℃. They are all crystalline material. The fluorescence spectra indicate that the fluorescence emission intensity of Eu(phen)L 3 is the highest among them.
基金The research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30070430,30370819,30230250).
文摘In order to study the effects of exogenous cinnamic acids on plant growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane at cucumber seedling stage, the seedlings of Shandong Mici cucumber were tested. The results showed that seedlings growth, contents of photosynthetic pigment, root activities and ATPase activities of root membrane were inhibited by cinnamic acids. The growth and root activities of seedlings were significantly (P〈0.05) lower in the soil amended with 100 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids compared to the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid of seedlings significantly (P〈0.05) decreased in the soil amended with 200 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids, whereas ATPase activities exhibited a higher sensitivity and greatly decreased in the soil amended with 50 mg kg^-1 cinnamic acids. These results suggested that cinnamic acids could induce a stress condition, and the stress intensities increased with enhanced cinnamic acid concentration.
基金The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Two new cinnamic acid derivatives named biondinin C and biondinin D were isolated from the flower buds of Magnolia biondii pamp. The structures were elucidated by the spectral data including ~1H, ~1H COSY, ~1H-^(13)C COSY spectra.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ130638)
文摘A 3D homochiral coordination polymer [Mn(edca)]n(1) was synthesized from a flexible coupled cinnamic acid ligand, 2,2?-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy)) dicinnamic acid(H_2 edca) and MnCl_2×4 H_2 O under solvothermal conditions. The complex crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P2_12_12_1 with a = 5.5785(8), b = 13.0393(18), c = 23.133(3) A, V = 1682.7(4) A^3, M_r = 407.27, D_c = 1.608 Mg/cm^3, F(000) = 836, Z = 4, the final R = 0.0240 and wR = 0.0590 for 2983 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)). In 1, the edca2+ anions alternately bridge the Mn(Ⅱ) cations to form one-dimensional(1 D) infinite helical chains of [Mn(edca)]n, which are further connected by the ligands generating a three-dimensional(3D) homochiral network. The photoluminescence of 1 was also investigated in solid state at ambient temperature.
基金supported by Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(No.KJ100602,KJ130638)Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing(KJTD201309)
文摘A new metal-organic network, [Cd(CH_3OH)_2(epa)]_n(1), was synthesized from an achiral coupled cinnamic acid, 3,3?-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(oxy))bis(2,1-phenylene))diacrylic acid(H_2epa), and Cd(NO3)2·4H2O under solvothermal conditions. The complex crystallizes in orthorhombic, space group P2_12_12 with a = 9.8286(8), b = 21.0004(16), c = 5.5169(4) A, V = 1138.71(15) A3, M_r = 528.81, D_c = 1.542 Mg/cm3, F(000) = 536, Z = 2, the final R = 0.0345 and wR = 0.1101 for 2006 observed reflections(I 〉 2σ(I)). In 1 the epa^(2+) anions alternately bridge the Cd(II) cations to form a one-dimensional(1D) infinite homochiral helical chain of [Cd(epa)]n. The chiral homohelical chains via hydrogen bonds formed a two-dimensional(2D) network. The photoluminescence of 1 was also investigated in solid state at ambient temperature.
基金Supported by Project of National Natural Science Foundation(8126067381660701)+1 种基金Scientific Research Innovation Program of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine(JS201625)Program of Key Laboratory for Purification and Quality Analysis of TCM Extraction in Guangxi Universities(Gui Jiao Ke Yan[2014]No.6)
文摘[Objectives] To establish a HPLC method for the quantitative determination of cinnamic acid in Stephania longa Lour. [Methods]The chromatographic column: Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C_(18)( 4. 6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm); mobile phase: acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid( 24∶ 76); flow rate: 1 mL/min; column temperature: 30℃; wavelength: 285 nm. [Results]The cinnamic acid was in a good linear relationship in the range of 0. 021 7-0. 076 μg,the sample recovery rate was 100. 46%,the RSD was 2. 20%,and the content was in the range of 0. 004%-0. 022%. [Conclusions] The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for the quality control of S. longa Lour.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81660701)2019 Guangxi First-class Discipline Construction Project of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2019XK105)+3 种基金Key Laboratory Funding Project of Guangxi Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine(GXZYKF2019-2,KJT19005)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2016GXNSFAA380148)Basic Scientific Research Ability Promotion Project of Young and Middle-aged Teachers in Guangxi Universities and Colleges in 2019(2019KY0341)Level III Laboratory for Chinese Medical Research by National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine:Chemistry and Quality Analysis Laboratory of Zhong(Zhuang)Medicine(GZYYF 2009[21])。
文摘[Objective]The paper was to determine the contents of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in Chinese herb rhubarb by HPLC.[Method]High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was established with the following conditions:Thermo SCIENTIFIC Hypersil GOLD Dim column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase methanol-0.1%phosphoric acid solution,gradient elution,detection wavelength 278 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10 pL.[Result]The content of gallic acid and cinnamic acid in rhubarb was determined by HPLC,and they showed good linear relationship in the linear ranges of 0.125-1.250 pg(E2=0.9998)and 0.0382-0.3820μg(E2=0.9994),respectively.[Conclusion]A HPLC method is established to determine gallic acid and cinnamic acid content in rhubarb.The method will provide a scientific basis for quality control of rhubarb and its traditional Chinese medicine.
基金The present study was conducted as a partial fulfilment of the PhD thesis of the first author and summarized from a part of the thesis supported by TUBITAK(Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)with the Project Number of 113O364.
文摘In this study,the combined effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis(BS,107 g/cfu)and different levels(0.025%,0.050%,0.075%and 0.150%)of trans-cinnamic acid(CA)on fish growth performance,whole body compositions,digestive enzymes,intestinal bacteria and internal organ index of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)were investigated.Six different experimental groups including control group(C),C+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,0.075CA+BS,0.150%CA+BS)were established.According to the results obtained,growth performance,whole body compositions and digestive pH were not statistically significant among groups.Further,no significant differences were found between experimental groups in terms of the intestinal enzymes(trypsin,alkaline phosphatase and lipase)and gastric pepsin.Significantly higher levels of intestinal amylase were found in the control+BS,0.025%CA+BS,0.050%CA+BS,and 0.075%CA+BS compared to the control and 0.150%CA+BS groups.Moreover,coliform and Enterobacteriaceae counts were highest in the control+B.subtilis and lowest in the 0.150%CA+B.subtilis groups.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81373871 and 81273683)
文摘Objective: To investigate the effects of berberine (BBR) and cinnamic acid (CA), the main active components in Jiaotai Pill (交泰丸, JTP), on palmitic acid (PA)-induced intracellular tdglyceride (TG) accumulation in NIT-1 pancreatic 13 cells. Methods: Cells were incubated in culture medium containing PA (0.25 mmol/L) for 24 h. Then treatments with BBR (10 μmol/L), CA (100 μmol/L) and the combination of BBR and CA (BBR+CA) were performed respectively. Intracellular lipid accumulation was assessed by Oil Red O staining and TG content was measured by colorimetric assay. The expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein and its downstream lipogenic and fatty acid oxidation genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-coA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylation acetyl-coA carboxylase (pACC), carnitine acyl transferase 1 (CPT-1) and sterol regulating element binding protein lc (SREBP-lc) were determined by Western blot or real time polymerase chain reaction. Results: PA induced an obvious lipid accumulation and a significant increase in intracellular TG content in NIT-1 cells. PA also induced a remarkable decrease in AMPK protein expression and its downstream targets such as pACC and CPT-I. Meanwhile, AMPK downstream lipogenic genes including SREBP-lc mRNA, FAS and ACC protein expressions were increased. Treatments with BBR and BBR+CA, superior to CA, significantly reversed the above genes changes in NIT-1 pancreatic 13 cells. However, the synergistic effect of BBR and CA on intracellular TG content was not observed in the present study. Conclusion: It can be concluded that in vitro, BBR and BBR+CA could inhibit PA-induced lipid accumulation by decreasing lipoqenesis and increasin.cl lipid oxidation in NIT-1 pancreatic B cells.
文摘The habituation of cell cultures to cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil (DCB) represents a valu- able tool to improve our knowledge of the mechanisms involved in plant cell wall structural plasticity. Maize cell lines habituated to lethal concentrations of DCB were able to grow through the acquisition of a modified cell wall in which cellulose was partially replaced by a more extensive network of arabinoxylans. The aim of this work was to investigate the phenolic metabolism of non-habituated and DCB-habituated maize cell cultures. Maize cell cultures were fed [14C]cinnamate and the fate of the radioactivity in different intra-protoplasmic and wall-localized fractions throughout the culture cycle was analyzed by autoradiography and scintillation counting. Non-habituated and habituated cultures did not markedly differ in their ability to uptake exogenous [14C]cinnamic acid. However, interesting differences were found in the radiolabeling of low- and high-Mr metabolites. Habituated cultures displayed a higher number and amount of radiola-beled low-Mr compounds, which could act as reserves later used for polysaccharide feruloylation. DCB-habituated cultures were highly enriched in esterified [14C]dehydrodiferulates and larger coupling products. In conclusion, an extensive and early cross-linking of hydroxycinnamates was observed in DCB-habituated cultures, probably strengthening their cellulose-deficient walls.
文摘In this study, cinnamic acid derivatives with pyridine ring were synthesized via Hantzsch reaction in order to expand conjugation system and their antioxidant abilities were tested. According to the evaluation results of their antioxidant properties, compounds 2 and 3 have similar antioxidant activity to prevent DNA from *OH- and Cu2+/GSH induced oxidation, demonstrating that 1,4-dihydropyridine and pyridine nucleus exhibit good resistance to oxidation while the substituents have little effect. In the meantime, the AAPH-induced oxidative DNA damage [AAPH=2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride] and trapping ABTS+* test show that N--H bond and large conjugation systems are the pivotal parts to improve the activities of antioxidant.
基金the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Program (Grant No.T105)
文摘A magnetic-separated catalyst of chitosan-palladium complex (Fe3O-CS-Pd) based on chitosan coated Fe3O4 microspheres was prepared by the "bottom-up" approach. The catalytic behavior of the catalyst in the cross coupling reaction of acrylic acid (AA) with iodobenzene (ArI) was investigated. Compared with the traditional homogeneous palladium catalysts, the catalyst was easily separated and reused.
基金PAPIIT/UNAM Projects No.IN200614 and IT202015 and project PIAPI VC02 for partially supporting this worka part of the Project Catedra:Diseno de Sustancias Bioactivas of FESC-UNAM-2012.
文摘A convenient and easy method is described for the formation of carboxamides from carboxylic acids and primary amines in solventless conditions using infrared (IR) light. Thus, under IR light, cinnamic acid derivatives and amines can produce yields ranging from 50% to 85% of the resulting amide.
基金Project supponed by the National Natural Scence Foundation of China(20061002)
文摘A series of binuclear complexes with different molar ratio of europium to yttrium with cinnamic acid and o phenanthroline were synthesized in anhydrous alcohol. Elemental analysis shows that the composition of the complexes are Eu x Y 1- x (phen)L 3 (L: C 6H 5CH=CHCOO, x =1.0, 0.7, 0.5, 0.3 and 0.1). The IR absorption spectra indicate that cinnamate is coordinated to the rare earth ions and chemical bonds are formed between rare earth ions and nitrogen atoms of o phenanthroline. Fluorescent spectra show that the emission of Eu 3+ ion can be greatly enhanced if some of europium ions in the complexes are substituted by yttrium ions.
基金Supported by the NNSFC (No. 36072541)partly supported by the Youth Award of Shandong Province (No. 2005BS11005)+1 种基金the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20060422029)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. Y2004C02)
文摘A novel hydrochloride quaternary ammonium salt (E)-4-(benzyloxy)-2-(cinnamo- yloxy)-N,N,N-trimethyl-4-oxobutan-l-aminium chloride (Cz3HzgNO4Cl2, Mr = 454.37) has been synthesized via the sequence of acetylation and esterification by using L-carnitine (L-4-N-trimethy- lammonium-3-hydroxybutyric acid, LC) and cinnamic acid as the starting materials, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P212121 with a = 10.1670(4), b = 10.4488(4), c = 22.9795(11)A, V = 2441.18(18)A3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.236 g/cm3,μ(MoKa) = 0.293 mm-1, F(000) = 960, Flack factor = -0.01(11), the final R = 0.0489 and wR = 0.1550 for 3350 observed reflections (I 〉 2σ(/)) and R = 0.0953 for all 5648 unique reflections. The crystal structure involves a conjugated system which shows a reverse olefin structure.
文摘Side reaction pathways are observed to occur between antioxidants and peroxide during the processing of multiple resin grades mediated by controlled peroxide-induced degradation of impact polypropylene.In the present work,the reaction mechanism and main by-products between antioxidants and peroxides were investigated.The results demonstrate that peroxides greatly accelerate the decomposition reactions,and the free radicals formed from peroxide decomposition react with,for example,the antioxidant AO1010 to produce dehydrogenation of phenyl propionic unit(s)at the a position(cinnamic acid ester moiety),which generates a conjugated system leading to the increased color of the product.It is the first time to confirm the cinnamic acid moiety's existence and report its NMR data.Further,this work confirms the dehydrogenation mechanism by comparison with different sterically hindered phenolic antioxidants.It also systematically summarizes the oxidation and degradation mechanism of AO168 and AO1010 under air and peroxide environments,respectively.Based on present study,clear guidelines are obtained to improve the quality of polymeric products,especially the appearance and stability,during product development.
文摘The inhibitory allelopathic activities of leaves and leaf-origin suspension cultured cells of <i>Spiraea</i> <i>thunbergii</i>, and putative allelochemicals, <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid, were investigated by the protoplast co-culture method with digital image analysis (DIA-PP method) using lettuce as a recipient. The optimal conditions of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (BA) for the cell division of <i>S</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> protoplasts were first examined using 50 μL liquid MS basal medium containing 3% sucrose, and 0.8 M mannitol in a 96-well culture plate. The hormonal condition for co-culture, 1 μM 2,4-D plus 0.1 μM BA, which was optimal for lettuce protoplast growth, was sub-optimal for <i>S</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> protoplasts. Effects of co-culture on the three stages of lettuce protoplast growth, <i>i.e.</i>, cell wall formation, cell division, and yellow pigment accumulation, were examined. Protoplasts of leaf and suspension cells of <i>S</i>. <i>thunbergii</i> strongly inhibited lettuce protoplast growth at the cell division stage (100% inhibition at 80 - 100 × 10<sup>3</sup> mL<sup>-1</sup>), but not so much at the other two stages. Both <i>cis</i>- and <i>trans</i>-cinnamic acid, showed the strongest inhibition at the cell wall formation stage, and 100% inhibition at the cell division stage at 100 μM. These results were compared with those obtained in a lettuce seedling growth test, using different allelopathic plants, and their allelochemicals were studied by the DIA-PP method.