Rapid Extraction and Analysis of Essential Oil from Cinnamomum Cassia Presl.

An improved solvent-free microwave extraction（ISFME） was used for the extraction of essential oil from dried Cinnamomum cassia Presl. Two kinds of solid microwave absorption media[carbonyl iron powder（CIP） and graphite powder（GP）] were used. When ISFME was applied, the heating rate was enhanced and the extraction time was obviously shorter than that consumed in conventional solvent-free microwave extraction（CSFME）. Twenty-eight kinds of compounds in the essential oil were identified, and the total content fractions of the compounds obtained by CIP-ISFME, GP-ISFME, CSFME, and hydrodistillation（HD） were 96.65%, 96.06%, 97.22%, and 96.29%, respectively. The compounds in the essential oil obtained from Cinnamomum cassia Presl. by ISFME, CSFME, and HD were compared and the quantity of the essential oil was almost the same. The ISFME has been proved to be a feasible way to extract essential oil from dried samples, and there are several obvious advantages in ISFME over those of HD and CSFME, for example, shorter extraction time（30 min） and lower energy consumption.

The essential oil components of Cinnamomum cassia: an analysis under different thinning models of plantation Pinus massoniana

Thinning is an important activity employed in forest management. To date, studies have mainly focused on the effects of thinning on the growth of trees during the same thinning period. In this study, plantation Pinus massoniana Lamb. near maturity were thinned at varying intensities and an economically important species, Cinnamomum cassia Presl., was planted beneath the thinned canopy. The aim of the study was to explore the effects of the extent of thinning on the essential oil content and its components of C. cassia in different parts of the plant, as well as the economic feasibility of the P. massoniana-C.cassia management model. Thinning significantly reduced the oil yield in the bark and branches of C. cassia, but hardly impacted the oil yield from C. cassia leaves compared with pure C. cassia forest（CK）. Among the different thinning treatments, both light（T.4） and extensive（T.1）thinning reduced the oil yield of C. cassia bark and new branches. The concentrations of the main aldehydes differed in different parts of the plant and were affected by the extent of thinning. The influence on cinnamaldehyde in the bark was minor, but was much greater in the branches and leaves. Both the oil yield and content of cinnamaldehyde showed that moderate（T.3） thinning was more favorable than other thinning models. These results not only provide a potentially promising model for the transformation of low-yield artificial pure forests of P. massoniana in the future, but also offer a reference for the management of artificial mixed stands.

Research on potential of Cinnamomum cassia to be developed into supplemental food in prevention and treatment of diabetes

Objective:To dig out potential of Cinnamomum cassia Presl to be developed into health tonics in regulating blood glucose from effectiveness and marketing,we designed this research.Methods:We searched from PubChem,CNKI,Web of Science,associated official websites,and other available resources to obtain information about Cinnamomum cassia Presl in blood glucose regulation.Results:Both volatile and non-volatile components of Cinnamomum cassia Presl were revealed as material foundation in blood glucose regulation.In addition,not only the production and utilization of blood glucose would be conditioned by Cinnamomum cassia Presl,but also the risk factors to diabetes as well as complications could be interfered by Cinnamomum cassia Presl.China,America,Australia,Canada and other countries have developed Cinnamomum cassia Presl-associated products to maintain healthy blood glucose level.Conclusion:Cinnamomum cassia Presl is effective in blood glucose regulation,and it’s of great potential to further develop Cinnamomum cassia Presl health products in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.

肉桂提取物调控COX-2的表达改善大鼠良性前列腺增生

目的研究肉桂乙醇提取物(Cinnamomum cassia Prsel ethanol extract,CE)对良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasa,BPH)的治疗作用及其可能的作用机制。方法分子对接初步推测CE中3种化合物对环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)和5-脂氧合酶(5-lipoxygenase,5-LOX)的结合能力。考察前列腺湿重(prostate weight,PW)、前列腺指数(prostate index,PI),并采用苏木精-伊红染色(hematoxylin-esion staining,HE)观察大鼠前列腺组织的形态变化;Western-blot和q-PCR检测大鼠前列腺组织中COX-2和5-LOX的蛋白、mRNA表达水平。结果分子对接结果表明,CE中3种主要活性单体化合物与COX-2及5-LOX蛋白模型均有较好的结合能;Western-blot和q-PCR结果显示,CE能同时降低COX-2及5-LOX在蛋白和mRNA水平上的表达,对COX-2的下调具有显著性;PW、PI及组织病理学切片均表明肉桂能改善BPH。结论CE能够有效改善BPH,其机制可能与下调花生四烯酸代谢网络中的COX-2的表达相关。

肉桂的组成及其在化妆品中的应用

介绍了肉桂的基本情况及主要化学组成,肉桂含有挥发油、黄酮、多糖、萜类、木脂素、香豆素、矿物质等多种成分,其中挥发油为其主要成分;总结了肉桂与化妆品行业相关的抗氧化、抑菌、美白、皮肤保护等功效;分析了肉桂在化妆品的应用现状及安全性,并提出了肉桂在化妆品中的应用展望。

De novo transcriptome assembly and metabolomic analysis of three tissue types in Cinnamomum cassia

Objective:The barks,leaves,and branches of Cinnamomum cassia have been historically used as a traditional Chinese medicine,spice,and food preservative,in which phenylpropanoids are responsible compounds.However phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways are not clear in C.cassia.We elucidated the pathways by descriptive analyses of differentially expressed genes related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as well as to identify various phenylpropanoid metabolites.Methods:Chemical analysis,metabolome sequencing,and transcriptome sequencing were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the difference of active components content in the barks,branches and leaves of C.cassia.Results:Metabolomic analysis revealed that small amounts of flavonoids,coumarine,and cinnamaldehyde accumulated in both leaves and branches.Transcriptome analysis showed that genes associated with phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis were downregulated in the leaves and branches relative to the barks.The observed differences in essential oil content among the three tissues may be attributable to the differential expression of genes involved in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolic pathways.Conclusion:This study identified the key genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway controling the flavonoid,coumarine,and cinnamaldehyde contents in the barks,branches and leaves by comparing the transcriptome and metabolome.These findings may be valuable in assessing phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolites and identifying specific candidate genes that are related to the synthesis of phenylpropanoids and flavonoids in C.cassia.

肉桂一年生实生苗年生长节律及其生物量分配规律

探究肉桂一年生苗木的生长节律,为肉桂苗木生产管理提供依据,以提高肉桂苗木出圃质量。在定期观测的基础上,研究肉桂苗期生长动态、生物量积累及生长指标与分配规律,建立了苗高和地径的生长模型。结果表明:肉桂一年生苗木的生长过程可分为4个阶段,出苗期、生长前期、生长速生期和生长后期。苗高速生期生长量为8.58 cm,占全年生长量的52.59%,地径速生期生长量为0.029 cm,占全年生长量的67.44%。肉桂一年生苗木地上茎和叶的生物量大于根的生物量,比例是7:3,说明肉桂的生长重心在地上部分。因此,可利用Logistic方程预测生长期内苗高、地径生长量,为制定合理的育苗措施提供了理论依据。5—9月肉桂苗高生长迅速,应加大氮肥施用量,10—11月,苗高生长缓慢,地径仍处在速生期,应停止施用氮肥,追施磷钾肥促进苗木木质化,第二年3—4月可给予施用氮磷钾比较均衡的复合肥。

基于网络药理学探究肉桂治疗骨性关节炎的作用机制

[目的]采用网络药理学方法筛选肉桂治疗骨性关节炎(OA)的作用靶点并明确作用机制.[方法]通过检索中药系统药理学成分分析平台获得肉桂的活性化合物并在PubChem数据库中获取所得化合物的SMILES结构,将其导入至SwissTargetPrediction平台中预测活性成分的潜在靶点,再通过GeneCards数据库获得相关化合物靶点,取两者交集得到肉桂作用靶点;检索TTD、Drug Bank、OMIM、GAD、Pharm GKB、DisGe NET数据库获得OA疾病相关靶点,并取与肉桂作用靶点的交集;采用STRING数据库及Cytoscape 3.2.1软件构建靶点相互作用网络图,并利用cytoHubba插件的MCC算法筛选关键靶点;基于DAVID数据库对靶点进行GO富集和KEGG通路富集分析.[结果]共得到肉桂活性化合物18个,肉桂-OA交集靶点40个,经MCC算法筛选得到关键基因10个,即PTGS2、MAPK8、MMP9、ALB、MMP2、MMP1、SERPINE1、TGFB1、PLAU和ESR1.GO富集共33个结果,其中生物过程主要包括胶原蛋白分解代谢过程、炎症反应、DNA转录正调控、氧化应激反应及组织缺氧反应等;分子功能主要包括血红素结合、芳香化酶活性、金属内肽酶活性及过氧化物酶活性等;细胞组成主要包括细胞外间隙、细胞外基质、血液微粒及核被膜内腔等.KEGG富集相关通路共32条,包括破骨细胞分化、花生四烯酸代谢、低氧诱导因子-1、核转录因子-κB、Toll样受体及肿瘤坏死因子等信号通路.[结论]采用网络药理学方法初步预测了肉桂治疗OA的抗炎、影响细胞增殖、分化及凋亡、抗氧化等潜在的作用机制,为肉桂的活性成分研究和实验研究提供了理论依据.

桂枝挥发油化学成分的GC/MS分析

目的 :用气相色谱 -质谱法对桂枝挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法从桂枝中提取挥发油。试用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析 ,找出最佳分析条件 ,用归一化法测定其百分含量 ,并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。色谱条件 :SE - 5 4毛细管柱 (2 5m× 0 2 5mm ,0 2 5 μm) ,柱温 90℃ (8min)4℃·min-12 30℃ (10min) ;分流进样 ,分流比 1∶5 0 ;进样温度 2 5 0℃ ,FID检测器 ,温度为 2 5 0℃。结果 :共鉴定了 37个成分 ,占挥发油总成分的 92 %以上。结论 :本方法稳定可靠 ,重现性好 。

桂枝的化学成分研究

目的 对桂枝的化学成分进行系统研究。方法 利用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化 ,并根据理化常数和光谱解析 (U V,IR,MS,NMR)鉴定各化合物结构。从桂枝 95 %乙醇浸膏的氯仿和乙酸乙酯部分中 ,共分离得到 11个化合物。结果 分别鉴定为 :肉桂酸 ( )、2 -甲氧基肉桂酸 ( )、1,4 -二苯基 -丁二酮 ( )、香豆素 ( )、β-谷甾醇 ( )、丁香醛 ( )、5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾醇 ( )、2 -甲氧基苯甲酸 ( )、6β-羟基 - 4 -烯 - 3-豆甾酮 ( )、原儿茶酸 ( )、胡萝卜苷 ( )。结论 化合物 、 、 为首次从天然界分离得到 ,化合物 为首次从高等植物中分离得到 ,化合物 、 为首次从本属植物中分离得到。

不同树龄肉桂挥发油的成分比较

采用超临界CO2萃取法提取肉桂的挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行分析和鉴定,共分离出60个成分,鉴定了53个。结果表明不同树龄肉桂中挥发油的化学成分种类和含量均有明显的差别。

桂枝化合物的分离与鉴定及神经保护作用

目的研究桂枝的化学成分及其神经保护作用。方法运用多种色谱方法对桂枝体积分数90%乙醇提取物的化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据波谱数据和理化性质确定其化学结构。采用建立体外脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)激活N9小胶质细胞异常活化的筛选模型对所分离化合物的活性进行评价。结果分离得到了10个化合物,分别鉴定为桂皮醛(cinnamaldehyde,1)、肉桂酸(cinnamic acid,2)、肉桂醇(cinnamyl alcohol,3)、原儿茶醛(protocatechuic aldehyde,4)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,5)、香豆素(coumarin,6)、钩果草苷(harpagoside,7)、二氢肉桂苷(dihydrocinnacasside,8)、3,4,5-三甲氧基-1-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3,4,5-trimethoxypheny-1-β-Dglucopyranoside,9)和邻香豆酸葡萄糖苷(O-coumaric acid glucoside,10)。抑制活性试验表明,化合物3能够较好地抑制LPS刺激的N9小胶质细胞NO释放,在其发挥抑制作用的浓度范围内不影响小胶质细胞的存活率。结论从桂枝乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物,其中化合物7、9和10为首次从樟科植物中分离得到。化合物3具有较好的抑制活性。

蒙药材珍珠杆及其伪品的紫外/荧光/红外光谱法鉴别研究

文章用紫外、荧光及红外三种光谱法对四种蒙药材进行了鉴别研究。分别用甲醇、石油醚、氯仿对蒙药材珍珠杆及其代用品钩藤、接骨木和混伪品桂枝进行了超声提取,对提取物分别进行了紫外光谱和荧光光谱测试,并对上述四种药材粉末的红外光谱进行了比较。结果表明,四种药材的紫外光谱特征峰相异。用荧光光谱鉴别时,对药材的提取溶剂有选择性,以甲醇作提取溶剂时四种药材的荧光光谱能有明显的差异。四种药材粉末的红外光谱有明显区别。

中药肉桂基因组DNA的提取

目的:为获得能用于中药肉桂RAPD分析及其它分子生物学研究的高质量DNA,研究和改进几种DNA提取法。方法:先将样品与PVP和VitC共研碎,然后用Tris-HCI缓冲液洗涤样品,沉淀用改进的CTAB法、高盐低pH法和尿素法来提取DNA。通过电泳、紫外吸收A_(260)/A_(280)和PCR扩增检测所得DNA的产量和质量。结果:改进的CTAB法和高盐低pH法都能获得高质量的DNA进行PCR扩增,其中以改进的CTAB法效果最好。

肉桂果实、种子形态特征的研究

对肉桂7个居群的果实、种子形态进行研究,测定果实、种子的长度、直径、长/直径以及单重等8项生态学指标。结果表明:果实、种子形态性状在种群间和种群内均存在一定程度的变异,变异系数范围0.185(果实单重,kFW)～0.054(种子整体形态,kSL/SD),相比较下种子整体形态最为稳定;单因素方差分析表明,肉桂果实和种子形态在不同居群间差异极显著;果实的直径受经度和海拔高度的共同影响,种子形态(kSL/SD)与平均气温呈显著正相关;聚类分析表明,居群间的形态分化与彼此间的距离无明显关联。

肉桂植物总黄酮的超声波提取工艺研究

肉桂植物具有很高的开发利用价值,为充分利用其资源,介绍用超声波提取法从肉桂植物中提取黄酮类物质,阐述了黄酮类物质的鉴定方法,对所提取的黄酮类物质进行验证,并与乙醇浸提法提取总黄酮的含量进行对比。测得样品中的茎、叶、果总黄酮的含量分别是2.4177、0.9097、0.1759g/L,分别是乙醇浸提法的1.70倍、3.37倍和1.45倍。回收率分别为99.5%、99.3%、100.8%,其纯度和产率均较高。

气相色谱法测定黄连配伍肉桂前后桂皮醛的含量

的:考察黄连配伍肉桂前后化学成分的变化;定量测定黄连配伍肉桂前后桂皮醛含量的变化。方法:气相色谱法,OV-101毛细管柱,柱长25m,内径0.2mm,氢焰检测器,柱温100℃,气化室220℃,检测室220℃,程序升温6℃·min^(-1),100℃～180℃,氮气流速50mL·min^(-1),内标物正十一烷。结果:黄连与肉桂配伍后桂皮醛含量下降,且下降程度与黄连比例有关。所测桂皮醛与其它组分具有良好的分离度,本法最低检测量为0.01μg,线性范围为0.0261～1.5657μg, 加样回收率为98.83％,RSD=1.7％。结论:本方法操作简单,结果准确。

不同浓度GA_3浸种及不同贮藏方式对肉桂种子萌发的影响

【目的】探讨不同浓度GA3浸种及不同贮藏方式对肉桂种子萌发的影响,为解决肉桂种子发芽及贮藏难题提供参考依据。【方法】对肉桂种子分别用0、100.0、200.0、300.0和400.0 mg/L GA3溶液浸种后催芽和播种,分析GA3对肉桂种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响;肉桂种子采用室温干藏、室温湿沙藏、4℃干藏和4℃湿沙藏4个处理后15、30和60 d,测定各贮藏处理种子的发芽率,探讨肉桂种子贮藏特性。【结果】肉桂种子经GA3200.0 mg/L浸泡处理,发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均高于其他处理,其中发芽率为90.0%,比对照高19.8%;发芽势为76.7%,比对照高31.9%;发芽指数52.1,比对照高28.4%。种子经GA3处理,幼苗茎长、根长及全株长均优于对照且差异显著(P<0.05),其中以GA3200.0 mg/L处理效果最佳。室温下沙藏和干藏60 d后,肉桂种子发生霉变失去生活力,4℃干藏60 d后,肉桂种子发芽率仍达60.0%以上,贮藏效果最佳。【结论】对肉桂种子进行适当浓度的GA3处理并进行沙藏催芽,可解决肉桂直播发芽率低和传统沙藏催芽方法出苗不整齐的难题。

肉桂及其混伪品的HSGC-MS的实验比较研究

目的 比较肉桂及其混伪品的顶空气相指纹图谱 ,以此鉴别肉桂药材的真伪。方法 采用顶空气相色谱 -质谱 (HSGC- MS)计算机联用技术 ,分别测定肉桂、桂皮、柴桂的指纹图谱并加以比较。结果 肉桂的顶空气相指纹图谱与混伪品桂皮、柴桂有明显区别 ,其指纹特征峰位于 10 .6 0 ,15 .6 0 min处 ,主要成分为桂皮醛。结论 此方法能有效地鉴别肉桂及其混伪品 ,具有快速、准确、操作简单 ,不需对样品进行提取分离 。