Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substa...Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substantial disagreement on the validity of this taxonomy. In this study, we described the shell and internal traits of these species to better discuss the validity of related species. We found that C. ampulliformis is synonym of C. lecythis, and C. wingatei is synonym of C. chinensis, while C. ampullacea and C. fluminalis are subspecies of C. lecythis and C. chinensis, respectively. C. dianchiensis should be paled in the genus Margarya, while C. menglaensis and C. yunnanensis belong to genus Mekongia. Totally, this leaves 11 species and 2 subspecies recorded in China. Based on whether these specimens' spiral whorl depth was longer than aperture depth, these species or subspecies can be further divided into two groups, viz. chinensis group and cathayensis group, which can be determined from one another via the ratio of spiral depth and aperture depth, vas deferens and number of secondary branches of vas deferens. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis indicated that body whorl depth, shell width, aperture width and aperture length were main variables during species of Cipangopaludina. A key to all valid Chinese Cipangopaludina species were given.展开更多
The ratio of metal：P stoichiometry was used to identify the accumulation pathways of heavy metals （V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb） from periphyton to snails Cipangopaludina chinensis Gray （C. chinensis） in the Bai...The ratio of metal：P stoichiometry was used to identify the accumulation pathways of heavy metals （V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb） from periphyton to snails Cipangopaludina chinensis Gray （C. chinensis） in the Bai River watershed. The results showed that periphyton communities were mainly composed of two types of algae, filamentous green algae and unicellular diatoms. The proportion of unicellular diatoms in the periphyton community is a key factor that influences metal accumulation in C. chinensis. The V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Cd content of C. chinensis increased steadily as the corresponding metal content of periphyton increased, but Cu and Pb in the snail did not increase in the periphyton. Mechanisms of V, Cr, and Ni accumulation were found to be related to the proportion of diatoms, while Cd and Pb accumulation were dependent on the physiological characteristics of C. chinensis. The accumulation of Cu in C. chinensis was closely related to their grazing behavior. The metal：P stoichiometry revealed that Cr, Ni, and Cd can reduce the potential ecological risks associated with increased P inputs to the ecosystem. V and Co were considered to be relatively safe, regardless of the periphyton P content. Finally, Pb may not be prone to transfer to higher trophic levels, and may pose the lowest ecological risks of the studied heavy metals, but Cu can cause potential ecological risks when eutrophication has occurred.展开更多
The glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play important roles in detoxification of microcystins(MCs),but the responses of GSTs to MC-LR have not been well characterized in freshwater gastropod,Cipangopaludina cahayensis.In...The glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play important roles in detoxification of microcystins(MCs),but the responses of GSTs to MC-LR have not been well characterized in freshwater gastropod,Cipangopaludina cahayensis.In the present study,we cloned full-length cDNAs of mu-and pi-class GSTs(GSTM and GSTP)and partial cDNA of omega-class GST(GSTO),and determined the transcriptional responses of the three GST genes to different concentrations of MC-LR(0,1,10 and 100 lg/L)in C.cahayensis.The full-length cDNAs of GSTM and GSTP of C.cahayensis were 813 and 820 bp,containing an open reading frame(ORF)of 648 bp(encoding 215 amino acids)and 624 bp(encoding 207 amino acids),respectively.The mRNA expression of GSTM and GSTO significantly decreased after exposure to 10 lg/L MC-LR,and the mRNA expression of GSTP significantly decreased after100 lg/L MC-LR exposure.This might contribute to the detoxication of MCs in C.cahayensis,which is consistent with its sedentary life and filter-feeder status.The mRNA expression of the three GST isoforms in C.cahayensis could be used as biomarkers for water contamination.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31301865)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China(LY12C19006)the Collection and Preparation of Display Specimens at Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology(KSZD–EW–TZ–005)
文摘Viviparidae are widely distributed around the globe, but there are considerable gaps in the taxonomic record. To date, 18 species of the viviparid genus Cipangopaludina have been recorded in China, but there is substantial disagreement on the validity of this taxonomy. In this study, we described the shell and internal traits of these species to better discuss the validity of related species. We found that C. ampulliformis is synonym of C. lecythis, and C. wingatei is synonym of C. chinensis, while C. ampullacea and C. fluminalis are subspecies of C. lecythis and C. chinensis, respectively. C. dianchiensis should be paled in the genus Margarya, while C. menglaensis and C. yunnanensis belong to genus Mekongia. Totally, this leaves 11 species and 2 subspecies recorded in China. Based on whether these specimens' spiral whorl depth was longer than aperture depth, these species or subspecies can be further divided into two groups, viz. chinensis group and cathayensis group, which can be determined from one another via the ratio of spiral depth and aperture depth, vas deferens and number of secondary branches of vas deferens. Additionally, Principal Component Analysis indicated that body whorl depth, shell width, aperture width and aperture length were main variables during species of Cipangopaludina. A key to all valid Chinese Cipangopaludina species were given.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21107126)the Ministry ofWater Resources’ Special Funds for Scientific Research on Public Causes (No. 200901008)the National Water Pollution Control Program (Special Water Project) (No.2008ZX07209-010)
文摘The ratio of metal：P stoichiometry was used to identify the accumulation pathways of heavy metals （V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, and Pb） from periphyton to snails Cipangopaludina chinensis Gray （C. chinensis） in the Bai River watershed. The results showed that periphyton communities were mainly composed of two types of algae, filamentous green algae and unicellular diatoms. The proportion of unicellular diatoms in the periphyton community is a key factor that influences metal accumulation in C. chinensis. The V, Cr, Co, Ni, and Cd content of C. chinensis increased steadily as the corresponding metal content of periphyton increased, but Cu and Pb in the snail did not increase in the periphyton. Mechanisms of V, Cr, and Ni accumulation were found to be related to the proportion of diatoms, while Cd and Pb accumulation were dependent on the physiological characteristics of C. chinensis. The accumulation of Cu in C. chinensis was closely related to their grazing behavior. The metal：P stoichiometry revealed that Cr, Ni, and Cd can reduce the potential ecological risks associated with increased P inputs to the ecosystem. V and Co were considered to be relatively safe, regardless of the periphyton P content. Finally, Pb may not be prone to transfer to higher trophic levels, and may pose the lowest ecological risks of the studied heavy metals, but Cu can cause potential ecological risks when eutrophication has occurred.
基金supported by the Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period(2012BAD25B04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272641,31172420)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2013SC13)
文摘The glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)play important roles in detoxification of microcystins(MCs),but the responses of GSTs to MC-LR have not been well characterized in freshwater gastropod,Cipangopaludina cahayensis.In the present study,we cloned full-length cDNAs of mu-and pi-class GSTs(GSTM and GSTP)and partial cDNA of omega-class GST(GSTO),and determined the transcriptional responses of the three GST genes to different concentrations of MC-LR(0,1,10 and 100 lg/L)in C.cahayensis.The full-length cDNAs of GSTM and GSTP of C.cahayensis were 813 and 820 bp,containing an open reading frame(ORF)of 648 bp(encoding 215 amino acids)and 624 bp(encoding 207 amino acids),respectively.The mRNA expression of GSTM and GSTO significantly decreased after exposure to 10 lg/L MC-LR,and the mRNA expression of GSTP significantly decreased after100 lg/L MC-LR exposure.This might contribute to the detoxication of MCs in C.cahayensis,which is consistent with its sedentary life and filter-feeder status.The mRNA expression of the three GST isoforms in C.cahayensis could be used as biomarkers for water contamination.
