Design and dynamic analysis of a scissors hoop-rib truss deployable antenna mechanism

As the support mechanism of space-borne antennas,space deployable antenna mechanism belongs to complex multi-closed-loop coupling mechanism,configuration design and dynamic analysis are more difficult than general parallel mechanism.In this paper,an unequal-length scissors mechanism(ULSM)is proposed by changing the position of the internal rotational joint through a basic scissors mechanism.A scissors hoop-rib truss deployable antenna mechanism(SHRTDAM)is constructed by replacing the parabolic rib with the ULSM.Kinematic analysis of SHRTDAM is conducted,and the degree of freedom(DOF)of the whole antenna mechanism is analyzed based on screw theory,the result showed that it has only one DOF.Velocity and acceleration characteristics of SHRTDAM are obtained by the screw derivative and rotation transformation.Based on Lagrange equation,dynamic model of this mechanism is established,the torque required to drive the mechanism is simulated and verified by Adams and MATLAB software.In addition,a ground experiment prototype of 1.5-m diameter was fabricated and a deployment test is conducted,which demonstrated the mobility and deployment performance of the whole mechanism.The mechanism proposed in this paper can provide a good reference for the design and analysis of large aperture space deployable antennas.

A Combined Antenna Array Deployment with High Positioning Accuracy and Low Angular Measurement Error

In this paper,an antenna array composed of circular array and orthogonal linear array is proposed by using the design of long and short baseline“orthogonal linear array”and the circular array ambiguity resolution design of multi-group baseline clustering.The effectiveness of the antenna array in this paper is verified by sufficient simulation and experiment.After the system deviation correction work,it is found that in the L/S/C/X frequency bands,the ambiguity resolution probability is high,and the phase difference system error between each channel is basically the same.The angle measurement error is less than 0.5°,and the positioning error is less than 2.5 km.Notably,as the center frequency increases,calibration consistency improves,and the calibration frequency points become applicable over a wider frequency range.At a center frequency of 11.5 GHz,the calibration frequency point bandwidth extends to 1200 MHz.This combined antenna array deployment holds significant promise for a wide range of applications in contemporary wireless communication systems.

Topology Structure Synthesis and Analysis of Spatial Pyramid Deployable Truss Structures for Satellite SAR Antenna

Many attentions for structural synthesis are paid to planar linkages and parallel mechanisms, while design novel pyramid deployable truss structure（PDTS） of satellite SAR mainly depends on experience of designer. To design novel configuration of PDTS, a two-step topology structure synthesis and analysis approach is proposed. Firstly, a conceptual configuration of PDTS is synthesized. Weighted graph and weighted adjacency matrix are established to realize topological description for PDTS. Graph properties are then summarized to distinguish differentia between PDTS and other type structures. According to graph properties, a procedure for synthesis conceptual configuration of PDTS is presented. Secondly, join relationship of components in a PDTS is analyzed. Kinematic chain and corresponding incidence/adjacency matrix are employed to analyze join relationship of PDTS. Properties and simplified rules of kinematic chain are extracted to construct kinematic chain. A procedure for construction kinematic chain of PDTS is then established. Finally, with this two-step approach all 11 rectangular pyramid deployable structures whose folded state is planar are discovered and their kinematic chains are constructed. Based on synthesis results, a novel deployable support structure for satellite SAR is designed. The proposed research can be applied to obtain some novel PDTSs, which is of great importance to design some novel deployable support structures for satellite SAR antenna.

Novel Surface Design of Deployable Reflector Antenna Based on Polar Scissor Structures

Space-deployable mechanisms can be used as supporting structures for large-diameter antennas in space engineering.This study proposes a novel method for constructing the surface design of space reflector antennas based on polar scissor units.The concurrency and deployability equations of the space scissor unit with definite surface constraints are derived using the rod and vector methods.Constraint equations of the spatial transformation for space n-edge polar scissor units are summarized.A new closed-loop deployable structure,called the polar scissor deployable antenna(PSDA),is designed by combining planar polar scissor units with spatial polar scissor units.The overconstrained problem is solved by releasing the curve constraint that locates at the end-point of the planar scissor mechanism.Kinematics simulation and error analysis are performed.The results show that the PSDA can effectively fit the paraboloid of revolution.Finally,deployment experiments verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed design method,which provides a new idea for the construction of large space-reflector antennas.

Static analysis of synchronism deployable antenna

A 3D synchronism deployable antenna was designed, analyzed, and manufactured by our research group. This an-tenna consists of tetrahedral elements from central element. Because there are springs at the ends of some of the rods, spider joints are applied. For analysis purpose, the structure is simplified and modelled by using 2D beam elements that have no bending stiffness. Displacement vectors are defined to include two translational displacements and one torsional displacement. The stiff-ness matrix derived by this method is relatively simple and well defined. The analysis results generated by using software de-veloped by our research group agreed very well with available test data.

Deployable Antenna with Compact Ortho-mode Transducer and Feeding Systems

The compact ortho-mode transducer (OMT) and compact conical corrugated horn(CCCH) are used as feeding system of the deployable dual polarizing antenna in this paper.A new stricture of double-septum in main wave guide OMT is proposed. The finite difference method in time domain (FDTD) in combination with genetic algorithms(GAs) is used to analysis and optimize this new OMT. The experiment results show that the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of this OMT and feeding system is less than 1.17 in bandwidth; the isolation between the ortho-mode ports is less than -40dB; the cross-polar level of the feed can reach -35dB and the length of the main waveguide can be reduced 50% at least.

Design and Kinematics Analysis of Support Structure for Multi-Configuration Rigid-Flexible Coupled Modular Deployable Antenna

In order to meet the urgent need for diversified and multi-functional deployable antennas in many major national aerospace projects,such as interstellar exploration,the fourth phase of lunar exploration project,and the industrial application of Bei Dou,a deployable antenna structure composed of hexagonal prism and pentagonal prism modules is proposed.Firstly,the arrangement and combination rules of pentagonal prism and hexagonal prism modules on the plane were analyzed.Secondly,the spatial geometric model of the deployable antenna composed of pentagonal prism and hexagonal prism modules was established.The influence of module size on the antenna shape was then analyzed,and the kinematic model of the deployable antenna established by coordinate transformation.Finally,the above model was verified using MATLAB software.The simulation results showed that the proposed modular deployable antenna structure can realize accurate connection between modules,complete the expected deployment and folding functional requirements.It is hoped that this research can provide reference for the basic research and engineering application of deployable antennas in China.

Recent Advances in Space-Deployable Structures in China

Deployable space structure technology is an approach used in building spacecraft,especially when realizing deployment and folding functions.Once in orbit,the structures are released from the fairing,deployed,and positioned.With the development of communication,remote-sensing,and navigation satellites,space-deployable structures have become cutting-edge research topics in space science and technology.This paper summarizes the current research status and development trend of spacedeployable structures in China,including large space mesh antennas,space solar arrays,and deployable structures and mechanisms for deep-space exploration.Critical technologies of space-deployable structures are addressed from the perspectives of deployable mechanisms,cable-membrane form-finding,dynamic analysis,reliable environmental adaptability analysis,and validation.Finally,future technology developments and trends are elucidated in the fields of mesh antennas,solar arrays,deployable mechanisms,and on-orbit adjustment,assembly,and construction.

Deploying process modeling and attitude control of a satellite with a large deployable antenna

Modeling and attitude control methods for a satellite with a large deployable antenna are studied in the present paper. Firstly, for reducing the model dimension, three dynamic models for the deploying process are developed, which are built with the methods of multi-rigid-body dynam- ics, hybrid coordinate and substructure. Then an attitude control method suitable for the deploying process is proposed, which can keep stability under any dynamical parameter variation. Subse- quently, this attitude control is optimized to minimize attitude disturbance during the deploying process. The simulation results show that this attitude control method can keep stability and main- tain proper attitude variation during the deploying process, which indicates that this attitude con- trol method is suitable for practical applications.

Design and analysis of a truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a 3UU-3URU unit

Space deployable structures with large calibers, high accuracy, and large folding ratios are indispensable equipment in the aerospace field. Given that the single-DOF 3 RR-3 RRR deployable unit cannot be fully folded, this study proposes a 3 UU-3 URU deployable unit with two kinds of DOF: folding movement and orientation adjustment. First, based on the G-K formula, the DOF of the 3 UU-3 URU unit is analyzed. Then, the 3 UU-3 URU unit is used to construct a deployable truss antenna with a curved surface, and the DOF of the whole deployable antenna containing multiple 3 UU-3 URU units is calculated. The structural design of a deployable antenna with two loops is carried out with specific parameters and geometric relations. Next, a DOF simulation of a basic combination unit composed of three 3 UU-3 URU units is performed. Finally, a prototype of the basic combination unit is manufactured, and the DOF of the mechanism is experimentally verified.

Optimizing accuracy of a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism based on stiffness analysis

Accuracy of the fitted surface is of great importance to the performance of deployable antennas utilized in space.This paper proposes a stiffness analysis based fitting accuracy optimization method for achieving the optimal parameters of the parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism.The stiffness matrix of the proposed cylindrical antenna mechanism is established by assembling the stiffness of beams and tension cables.Structural deformations of the mechanism are calculated where the tensioned cable is substituted by a 2-node truss element and an equivalent force acting on the joint.Consideration of the tensity of tension cables,namely tensioned or slack,is transformed into a typical linear complementarity problem.Comparison between structural deformations of the mechanism fixed at different points is performed.Sensitivities of the geometric and structural parameters on fitting accuracy are investigated.Influence of force of the driven cable on structural deformations of antenna operated in different orbits is conducted.A fitting optimization method is proposed to minimize the structural deformations subject to constraints on volume and mass.Simulation result shows that the fitting accuracy of the antenna mechanism is improved significantly through the optimization.The proposed method can be utilized for the optimal design of other deployable mechanisms constructed by joining rigid links.

Design and analysis of truss deployable antenna mechanism based on a novel symmetric hexagonal profile division method

As the deployment,supporting,and stability mechanisms of satellite antennas,space-deployable mechanisms play a key role in the field of aerospace.In order to design truss deployable antenna supporting mechanisms with large folding rate,high accuracy,easy deployment and strong stability,aiming at the geometric division of the parabolic reflector,a novel method based on symmetric hexagonal division and its corresponding modular truss deployable antenna mechanism is proposed,and the original method based on asymmetric triangular division and its corresponding mechanisms are presented for comparative analysis.Then,the screw theory is employed to analyze the mobility of different mechanisms.Furthermore,the improved three-dimensional mesh method is used to divide the reflector surface of a large parabolic antenna designed by the two different methods,and the profile accuracy and the type of links are taken as the evaluation indexes to quantitatively analyze the division results.Finally,a three-dimensional model of the modular deployable mechanism based on the symmetric hexagonal design is developed,and the deployable mechanisms with different configurations based on the two design methods are compared and analyzed from the mechanical perspective.The research results provide a good theoretical reference for the design of deployable truss antenna mechanisms and their application in the aerospace field.

Type synthesis of deployable mechanisms for ring truss antenna based on constraint-synthesis method

Space deployable antenna is the key equipment in realizing the communication and data transmission between the spacecraft and the earth.In order to enrich the configurations of deployable antennas,the type synthesis of deployable mechanisms for ring truss antenna is conducted in this study.First,the principle of the constraint-synthesis method based on screw theory is briefly described,the structure of the ring truss deployable antenna and its folding principle are analyzed,and the ring truss mechanism is divided into upper edges,lower edges and linkages.Then,based on the constraint-synthesis method,the type synthesis of the basic unit edges is carried out,a series of basic unit mechanisms are obtained from combining the basic unit edge mechanisms,and five mechanism units with fewer joints and simple structures are selected.Furthermore,simulation models of the five ring truss deployable mechanisms are built in Solidworks and Matlab software,and the deploying process is verified by the movement simulation.Finally,mechanism characteristics of the five mechanisms are analyzed and discussed,and a prototype is manufactured,verifying the analysis in this paper.This research provides a new way for the type synthesis of spatial deployable mechanisms,and the ring truss deployable mechanisms obtained in this study can be well applied in the field of aerospace.

空间折展结构热响应研究现状与展望

中国航天正面向世界科技前沿和国家重大战略需求飞速前进,航天事业已成为我国整体发展战略的重要组成部分。近年来,随着航天核心技术的逐渐提升和突破,高精度、大尺度和轻量化的新型空间折展结构逐渐得到广泛应用,然而,其柔性大、刚度小,尤其是受空间极端环境显著影响等问题也备受关注。例如,空间折展结构中的典型应用——空间可展开天线,该新型结构作为航天和国防领域传递与获取信息的核心装备,在轨服役期间受空间热交变环境影响,其形面精度和网面稳定性问题凸显,甚至干扰航天器及其附件在轨工作姿态,从而导致航天器失效。为满足应用需求,文中归纳总结了伸展臂、太阳翼及可展开天线等空间折展结构的热致变形和热致振动等热响应研究进展。基于研究现状,从热-结构耦合情况、非线性因素、新型结构组合、结构连接及热控措施优化等方面展望空间折展结构热响应研究发展趋势,为我国空间折展结构的优化设计和防护方案提供理论依据及应用参考。

5G室内分布系统规划建模及优化算法

由于5G移动通信技术中的多数新业务包括时代智慧家庭、智能工厂、虚拟现实等等都发生在室内场景,因此如何快速规划建设成本低且功率损耗少的5G网络室内分布系统,对电信运营商来说具有重要的意义。建立了更贴近实际场景下的5G室内分布系统规划数学模型,该模型以最小化部署成本和天线间最大输出信号功率偏差为目标,以满足每个天线的期望输出信号功率为约束,是一个带约束的混合变量多目标优化问题。基于哈夫曼编码思想,提出了适合室分系统结构的编码策略,利用该编码策略在MOEA/D-CM2M算法框架下设计出求解该模型的有效算法,并且能够通过一次运行提供多个规划方案。计算机仿真表明建立的模型与提出的算法十分有效,比两个真实案例的原设计分别节省了8.90%和20.09%的成本。

空间可展开天线铰链热变形分析与试验验证

在轨热变形是影响空间可展开天线精度的关键因素之一,因此,空间可展开天线结构的在轨热变形分析具有十分重要的意义。随着空间探测任务要求的不断提高,铰链热变形对空间可展开天线指向精度的影响已经不可忽略。以某空间可展开天线的根部铰链和臂间铰链为研究对象,建立其有限元模型,计算铰链主弯方向和侧弯方向在温度每变化10℃时相对角度的变化。基于高低温箱和电子经纬仪构建铰链精度测试系统,开展铰链热变形试验。试验结果表明:根部铰链和臂间铰链在主弯方向和侧弯方向呈现纯结构热变形特性,仿真结果与试验分析结果基本一致,验证有限元模型和试验分析方法的正确性。根据铰链主弯和侧弯方向角度相对变化,评估热变形对铰链变形的影响。该建模和试验分析方法可为同类型空间可展开天线设计、分析和优化及类似可展开机构精度影响因素的分析提供参考。

辐射肋式空间可展开天线机构设计与分析

可展开天线机构是网面可展开天线的关键组成部分,对天线展开后结构的稳定性和刚度具有重要影响。针对空间可展开天线大型化、高收纳率、高精度化发展趋势,设计了一种辐射肋式空间可展开天线机构新构型。首先,开展了天线整体结构设计,根据结构组成进行尺寸计算并建立了结构的三维模型;然后,采用数值仿真软件开展了机构运动学仿真研究,并分析了运动的变化规律;最后,建立了有限元模型,开展了结构模态分析。研究结果表明,所提出的机构能够实现由收拢至展开的运动变化,展开过程中机构具有良好的同步性,构件间无干涉,验证了结构方案及原理的正确性和可行性。研究结果对于空间可展开天线基础理论及工程应用等具有较高的参考价值。

星载SAR天线展开机构装配精度确信可靠性建模

星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)天线展开机构是空间桁架结构,其杆系和铰链的空间位置相互耦合,在装配过程中主要依赖于人工装调,装配精度难以准确控制,装配可靠性直接影响星载SAR天线的服役性能。为此,基于可靠性科学原理,提出星载SAR天线装配精度确信可靠性建模方法。考虑天线装配过程中影响装配精度的内因和外因,确定表征天线展开机构装配精度的性能指标及阈值,建立性能裕量模型。开展多源不确定性分析与量化,构建星载SAR天线展开机构装配精度确信可靠性模型。以某型号星载SAR天线展开机构为研究对象,进行可靠性敏感度分析和验证。研究结果表明:所提方法可为星载SAR天线展开机构装调提供理论指导,有效提高装配精度和效率。

空间可展开天线模态测试与模型修正技术

为准确预测结构的力学特性,使仿真结果精确逼近试验结果,必须对有限元模型进行修正。由于网状可展开天线的有限元模型中存在着各类结构参数且内部索网属于柔性结构,索网索段由于预张力才具有刚度,结构的这一特殊性导致模型修正困难。对3 m可展开天线样机进行了模态测试,在样机自由状态下获取了结构的模态频率和振型;针对可展开天线这种柔性复杂结构模态参数难识别、待修正参数多的特点,对修正参数进行了有针对性的选择;使用基于设计参数灵敏度型的模型修正方法对有限元模型进行了修正,缩小了样机与仿真固有频率和振型之间的误差,得到一种处理含有索网结构的模态测试流程和模型修正方法。

基于分割法的抛物面固面天线热变形抑制

为满足未来高分辨率微波遥感航天器对于大口径高形面精度的空间可展开天线的需求,提出了一种能有效降低偏馈固面天线在轨因热变形造成形面误差的新方法,即分割法。采用5 m口径的偏馈固面抛物面天线,分析了天线热变形对其电性能尤其是主波束效率的影响。对连续固面天线六点支撑下不同支撑位置对其热变形的影响进行了研究。在温差为200℃的均匀温度场下,分析了不同形状单胞的形面误差,随后确认采用正六边形作为分割单胞并对其形面误差与尺寸的关系进行了研究。研究了分割单胞的尺寸及排布方式对天线的形面误差及电性能的影响,并验证了分割单胞之间的缝隙对天线电性能的影响,最终确定分割方案。结果显示,分割后天线形面误差从500μm降低至5μm,主波束效率下降值从6.72%下降至1.77%。