Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer(PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers ...Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer(PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers are urgently needed in all phases of management from early detection to staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids(cf NAs), such as DNA, m RNA, and noncoding RNA have been recognized. In the recent years, their presence in the blood has encouraged researchers to investigate their potential use as novel blood biomarkers, and numerous studies have demonstrated their potential clinical utility as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. This concept, called "liquid biopsy" has been focused on as a less invasive, alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy for obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we review the available literature on CTCs and cfN As in patients with cancer, particularly focusing on PCa, and discuss future perspectives in this field.展开更多
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer remains a disease hard to cure,and for this reason predictive tools to monitor disease progression and therapy response are an urgent need.In this respect,liquid biopsy on...Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer remains a disease hard to cure,and for this reason predictive tools to monitor disease progression and therapy response are an urgent need.In this respect,liquid biopsy on circulating cell-free nucleic acids represents an interesting strategy based on robust data.The low invasiveness and the possibility to target circulating cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acid underline the high specificity,sensitivity and clinical usability of the technique.Moreover,it has been observed that the cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acid of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients can be representative of the tumor heterogeneity.Cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acids express the same behaviors as mutations:Variation in gene copy number or the methylation rate of the tumor tissue.Recently,circulating cell-free ribonucleic acid molecules have emerged as interesting markers to stratify the disease.Due to high-throughput technologies,liquid biopsy on circulating cell-free nucleic acids will soon be utilized in the clinical management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients.展开更多
Early diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke remains a critical challenge in clinical settings.A blood biomarker can be a promising quantitative tool to represent the clinical manifestations in ischemic stroke.Cel...Early diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke remains a critical challenge in clinical settings.A blood biomarker can be a promising quantitative tool to represent the clinical manifestations in ischemic stroke.Cell-free DNA(cfDNA)has recently turned out to be a popular circulating biomarker due to its potential relevance for diagnostic applications in a variety of disorders.Despite bright outlook of cfDNA in clinical applications,very less is known about its origin,composition,or function.Several recent studies have identified cell-derived mitochondrial components including mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)in the extracellular spaces including blood and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the time course of alterations in plasma mtDNA concentrations in patients after an ischemic stroke is poorly understood.DNA is thought to be freed into the plasma shortly after the commencement of an ischemic stroke and then gradually decreased.However,the importance of cell-free mtDNA(cf-mtDNA)in ischemic stroke is still unknown.This review summarizes about the utility of biomarkers which has been standardized in clinical settings and role of cfDNA including cfmtDNA as a non-invasive potential biomarker of ischemic stroke.展开更多
Detection of circulating tumor DNAs(ct DNAs) in cancer patients is an important component of cancer precision medicine ct DNAs. Compared to the traditional physical and biochemical methods, blood-based ct DNA detectio...Detection of circulating tumor DNAs(ct DNAs) in cancer patients is an important component of cancer precision medicine ct DNAs. Compared to the traditional physical and biochemical methods, blood-based ct DNA detection offers a non-invasive and easily accessible way for cancer diagnosis, prognostic determination, and guidance for treatment. While studies on this topic are currently underway, clinical translation of ct DNA detection in various types of cancers has been attracting much attention, due to the great potential of ct DNA as blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. ct DNAs are detected and tracked primarily based on tumorrelated genetic and epigenetic alterations. In this article, we reviewed the available studies on ct DNA detection and described the representative methods. We also discussed the current understanding of ct DNAs in cancer patients and their availability as potential biomarkers for clinical purposes. Considering the progress made and challenges involved in accurate detection of specific cell-free nucleic acids, ct DNAs hold promise to serve as biomarkers for cancer patients, and further validation is needed prior to their broad clinical use.展开更多
文摘Despite recent advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management, the prognosis of pancreatic cancer(PCa) remains extremely poor. To provide optimal treatment for each patient with Pca, superior biomarkers are urgently needed in all phases of management from early detection to staging, treatment monitoring, and prognosis. In the blood of patients with cancer, circulating tumor cells(CTCs) and cell-free nucleic acids(cf NAs), such as DNA, m RNA, and noncoding RNA have been recognized. In the recent years, their presence in the blood has encouraged researchers to investigate their potential use as novel blood biomarkers, and numerous studies have demonstrated their potential clinical utility as a biomarker for certain types of cancer. This concept, called "liquid biopsy" has been focused on as a less invasive, alternative approach to cancer tissue biopsy for obtaining genetic and epigenetic aberrations that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. In this article, we review the available literature on CTCs and cfN As in patients with cancer, particularly focusing on PCa, and discuss future perspectives in this field.
文摘Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer remains a disease hard to cure,and for this reason predictive tools to monitor disease progression and therapy response are an urgent need.In this respect,liquid biopsy on circulating cell-free nucleic acids represents an interesting strategy based on robust data.The low invasiveness and the possibility to target circulating cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acid underline the high specificity,sensitivity and clinical usability of the technique.Moreover,it has been observed that the cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acid of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients can be representative of the tumor heterogeneity.Cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acids express the same behaviors as mutations:Variation in gene copy number or the methylation rate of the tumor tissue.Recently,circulating cell-free ribonucleic acid molecules have emerged as interesting markers to stratify the disease.Due to high-throughput technologies,liquid biopsy on circulating cell-free nucleic acids will soon be utilized in the clinical management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients.
文摘Early diagnosis and prognosis of ischemic stroke remains a critical challenge in clinical settings.A blood biomarker can be a promising quantitative tool to represent the clinical manifestations in ischemic stroke.Cell-free DNA(cfDNA)has recently turned out to be a popular circulating biomarker due to its potential relevance for diagnostic applications in a variety of disorders.Despite bright outlook of cfDNA in clinical applications,very less is known about its origin,composition,or function.Several recent studies have identified cell-derived mitochondrial components including mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)in the extracellular spaces including blood and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the time course of alterations in plasma mtDNA concentrations in patients after an ischemic stroke is poorly understood.DNA is thought to be freed into the plasma shortly after the commencement of an ischemic stroke and then gradually decreased.However,the importance of cell-free mtDNA(cf-mtDNA)in ischemic stroke is still unknown.This review summarizes about the utility of biomarkers which has been standardized in clinical settings and role of cfDNA including cfmtDNA as a non-invasive potential biomarker of ischemic stroke.
基金supported by the Precision Medicine Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KJZD-EW-L14)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program+2 种基金 Grant Nos. 2012CB518302 and 2013CB911001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31540033 and 91019024)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA01040407)
文摘Detection of circulating tumor DNAs(ct DNAs) in cancer patients is an important component of cancer precision medicine ct DNAs. Compared to the traditional physical and biochemical methods, blood-based ct DNA detection offers a non-invasive and easily accessible way for cancer diagnosis, prognostic determination, and guidance for treatment. While studies on this topic are currently underway, clinical translation of ct DNA detection in various types of cancers has been attracting much attention, due to the great potential of ct DNA as blood-based biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of cancers. ct DNAs are detected and tracked primarily based on tumorrelated genetic and epigenetic alterations. In this article, we reviewed the available studies on ct DNA detection and described the representative methods. We also discussed the current understanding of ct DNAs in cancer patients and their availability as potential biomarkers for clinical purposes. Considering the progress made and challenges involved in accurate detection of specific cell-free nucleic acids, ct DNAs hold promise to serve as biomarkers for cancer patients, and further validation is needed prior to their broad clinical use.
