A Case of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis Complicated by Acute Cerebral Infarction and Acute Myelitis

Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis combined with acute cerebral infarction is uncommon in clinical work, and then combined with acute myelitis is even rarer and more complex, which poses a greater challenge to clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a case of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis complicated by acute cerebral infarction and acute myelitis, which be hoped to provide a reference for clinical work. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical information of a 68-year-old female admitted to the Digestive Medical Department with acute gastrointestinal bleeding and appeared limb movement disorder on the third day. Results: The patient was eventually diagnosed with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis complicated by acute cerebral infarction and acute myelitis. Conclusions: When patients with liver cirrhosis have abnormal neurological symptoms, in addition to liver cirrhosis-related complications, doctors need to consider cerebrovascular diseases and myelitis.

Fatal risk factors for cirrhosis complicated with the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Objective: To explore the fatal risk factors of liver cirrhosis complicated with the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding, so as to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 572 patients with cirrhosis admitted to North China University of Science and Technology and Tangshan Infectious Diseases Hospital from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected. According to whether there is concurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it is divided into 163 cases of hemorrhage group and 409 cases of non-bleeding group. The patients in the hemorrhagic group were divided into case group (65 cases died of first upper gastrointestinal bleeding) and control group (98 cases died of non-first upper gastrointestinal bleeding). The general clinical data, laboratory and imaging data of the patients were analyzed. The risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis and the independent risk factors of the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis were analyzed. Results: (1) Univariate analysis showed that: there were significant differences in Hb, PLT, CHE, ALB, TBIL, PT, left gastric vein diameter, portal vein diameter, course of cirrhosis, family history of cirrhosis, Child classification of liver function, esophagogastric varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and portal vein thrombosis between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic groups (P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant;(2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the diameter of left gastric vein, esophageal varices, ascites, Child C grade of liver function and portal vein thrombosis were risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Left gastric vein diameter, esophagogastric varices and portal vein thrombosis are independent risk factors for first upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis. Conclusion:Wider internal diameter of left gastric vein, severe esophagogastric varices and portal vein thrombosis are independent risk factors for fatal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis.

Timing of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy does not influence short-term outcomes in patients with acute variceal bleeding

AIM To examine the association between the timing of endo-scopy and the short-term outcomes of acute variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This retrospective study included 274 consecutive patients admitted with acute esophageal variceal bleeding of two tertiary hospitals in Korea. We adjusted confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazards model and the inverse probability weighting （IPW） method. The primary outcome was the mortality of patients within 6 wk.RESULTS A total of 173 patients received urgent endoscopy （ i.e. , ≤ 12 h after admission）, and 101 patients received non-urgent endoscopy （〉 12 h after admission）. The 6-wk mortality rate was 22.5% in the urgent endoscopy group and 29.7% in the non-urgent endoscopy group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups before （P = 0.266） and after IPW （P = 0.639）. The length of hospital stay was statistically different between the urgent group and non-urgent group （P = 0.033）; however, there was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate between the two groups （8.1%vs 7.9%, P = 0.960）. In multivariate analyses, timing of endoscopy was not associated with 6-wk mortality （hazard ratio, 1.297; 95% confdence interval, 0.806-2.089; P = 0.284）.CONCLUSION In cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding, the timing of endoscopy may be independent of short-term mortality.

PPIs are not associated with a lower incidence of portal-hypertension-related bleeding in cirrhosis

AIM:To determine if proton pump inhibitor use in cirrhotic patients with endoscopic findings of portal hypertension is associated with a lower frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding.METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis and endoscopic findings related to portal hypertension,receiving or not receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy,were included retrospectively.We assigned patients to two groups:group 1 patients underwent PPI therapy and group 2 patients did not undergo PPI therapy.RESULTS:One hundred and five patients with a median age of 58 (26-87) years were included,57 (54.3%) of which were women.Esophageal varices were found in 82 (78%) patients,portal hypertensive gastropathy in 72 (68.6%) patients,and gastric varices in 15 (14.3%) patients.PPI therapy was used in 45.5% of patients (n=48).Seventeen (16.1%) patients presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding;in 14/17 (82.3%) patients,bleeding was secondary to esophageal varices,and in 3/17 patients bleeding was attributed to portal hypertensive gastropathy.Bleeding related to portal hypertension according to PPI therapy occurred in 18.7% (n=9) of group 1 and in 14% (n=8) of group 2 (odds ratio:0.83,95% confidence interval:0.5-1.3,P=0.51).CONCLUSION:Portal hypertension bleeding is not associated with PPI use.These findings do not support the prescription of PPIs in patients with chronic liver disease with no currently accepted indication.

Proton pump inhibitor use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation in liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are widely prescribed,often without clear indications.There are conflicting data on its association with mortality risk and hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic patients.Furthermore,PPI users and PPI exposure in some studies have been poorly defined with many confounding factors.AIM To examine if PPI use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation and the impact of cumulative PPI dose exposure.METHODS Data from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were extracted from a hospital database between 2013 to 2017.PPI users were defined as cumulative defined daily dose(cDDD)≥28 within a landmark period,after hospitalisation for hepatic decompensation.Cox regression analysis for comparison was done after propensity score adjustment.Further risk of hepatic decompensation was analysed by Poisson regression.RESULTS Among 295 decompensated cirrhosis patients,238 were PPI users and 57 were non-users.PPI users had higher mortality compared to non-users[adjusted HR=2.10,(1.20-3.67);P=0.009].Longer PPI use with cDDD>90 was associated with higher mortality,compared to non-users[aHR=2.27,(1.10-5.14);P=0.038].PPI users had a higher incidence of hospitalization for hepatic decompensation[aRR=1.61,(1.30-2.11);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPI use in decompensated cirrhosis is associated with increased risk of mortality and hepatic decompensation.Longer PPI exposure with cDDD>90 increases the risk of mortality.

EVS vs TIPS shunt for gastric variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis:A meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) vs endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy (EVS) in the management of gastric variceal (GV) bleeding in terms of variceal rebleeding, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), and survival by meta-analysis.METHODS: Medline, Embase, and CNKI were searched. Studies compared TIPS with EVS in treating GV bleeding were identified and included according to our predefined inclusion criteria. Data were extracted independently by two of our authors. Studies with prospective randomized design were considered to be of high quality. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odd ratios(ORs) were calculated using a fixed-effects model when there was no inter-trial heterogeneity. Oppositely, a random-effects model was employed.RESULTS: Three studies with 220 patients who had at least one episode of GV bleeding were included in the present meta-analysis. The proportions of patients with viral cirrhosis and alcoholic cirrhosis were 39% (range 0%-78%) and 36% (range 12% to 41%), respectively. The pooled incidence of variceal rebleeding in the TIPS group was significantly lower than that in the EVS group (HR = 0.3, 0.35, 95% CI: 0.17-0.71, P = 0.004). However, the risk of the development of any degree of HE was significantly increased in the TIPS group (OR = 15.97, 95% CI: 3.61-70.68). The pooled HR of survival was 1.26(95% CI: 0.76-2.09, P = 0.36). No inter-trial heterogeneity was observed among these analyses. CONCLUSION: The improved effect of TIPS in the prevention of GV rebleeding is associated with an increased risk of HE. There is no survival difference between the TIPS and EVS groups. Further studies are needed to evaluate the survival benefit of TIPS in cirrhotic patients with GV bleeding.

Epistaxis in end stage liver disease masquerading as severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

AIM: To describe the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of end stage liver disease (ESLD) patients with severe epistaxis thought to be severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH).

Portal vein computed tomography imaging characteristics and their relationship with bleeding risk in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing interventional therapy

BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the predictive value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)perfusion imaging for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.A total of 62 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension and 28 healthy individuals were included.The results showed that multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging had a significant predictive value for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.The vascular area,number of vascular cross-sections,and gastric coronary vein diameter(GCVD)showed high predictive values,with the vascular area having the best predictive value.AIM To investigate the predictive accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.METHODS This study included 62 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension(disease group)and 28 healthy individuals(control group).The disease group was further divided into two subgroups:Group A(n=27,bleeding)and group B(n=35,no bleeding).All patients underwent multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging at our hospital,and we compared various parameters such as liver blood flow,vein size,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area between the two groups.We employed statistical analysis to identify factors associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and created a graph comparing the predictive value of different factors for bleeding.RESULTS We found no difference in hepatic artery(HAP)levels among the three groups(all P>0.05).The portal vein levels in groups A and B were much lower than in the control group;group A was much lower than group B(all P<0.05).The HAP perfusion index levels in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;group A was much higher than group B(all P<0.05).The portal vein diameter,splenic vein diameter,and GCVD levels in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;those in group A were much higher than those in group B(all P<0.05).The number of blood vessels and blood vessel area in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;those in group A were much higher than those in group B(all P<0.05).The statistical method showed a strong link between GCVD,number of blood vessels,blood vessel area,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding(odds ratio=1.275,1.346,1.397,P<0.05).The graph showed that GCVD,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area could predict bleeding well,with blood vessel area having the best prediction power.CONCLUSION That multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging can predict upper gastrointestinal bleeding well in patients with cirrhosis and high blood pressure in the portal vein.GCVD,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area had high prediction power.The blood vessel area had the best prediction power,with an area under the curve of 0.831.

Spontaneous porto-systemic shunts in liver cirrhosis:Clinical and therapeutical aspects

Spontaneous porto-systemic shunts(SPSS)are frequent in liver cirrhosis and their prevalence increases as liver function deteriorates,probably as a consequence of worsening portal hypertension,but without achieving an effective protection against cirrhosis'complications.Several types of SPSS have been described in the literature,each one associated with different clinical manifestations.In particular,recurrent or persistent hepatic encephalopathy is more frequent in patients with splenorenal shunt,while the presence of gastric varices and consequently the incidence of variceal bleeding is more common in gastrorenal shunt.In the advanced stage,the presence of large SPSS can lead to the so called“portosystemic shunt syndrome”,characterized by a progressive deterioration of hepatic function,hepatic encephalopathy and,sometimes,portal vein thrombosis.The detection of SPSS in patients with liver cirrhosis is recommended in order to prevent or treat recurrent hepatic encephalopathy or variceal bleeding.

Selection of a TIPS stent for management of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis: An evidence-based review

Nowadays,transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)has become a mainstay treatment option for the management of portal hypertension-related complications in liver cirrhosis.Accumulated evidence has shown that its indications are being gradually expanded.Notwithstanding,less attention has been paid for the selection of an appropriate stent during a TIPS procedure.Herein,we attempt to review the current evidence regarding the diameter,type,brand,and position of TIPS stents.Several following recommendations may be considered in the clinical practice:(1)a 10-mm stent may be more effective than an 8-mm stent for the management of portal hypertension,and may be superior to a 12-mm stent for the improvement of survival and shunt patency;(2)covered stents are superior to bare stents for reducing the development of shunt dysfunction;(3)if available,Viatorr stent-grafts may be recommended due to a higher rate of shunt patency;and(4)the placement of a TIPS stent in the left portal vein branch may be more reasonable for decreasingthe development of hepatic encephalopathy.However,given relatively low quality of evidence,prospective well-designed studies should be warranted to further confirm these recommendations.

Study of liver cirrhosis over twenty consecutive years in adults in Southern China

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis(LC)is a prevalent and severe disease in China.The burden of LC is changing with widespread vaccination of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and antiviral therapy.However,the recent transition in etiologies and clinical features of LC cases requiring hospitalization is unclear.AIM To identify the transition in etiologies and clinical characteristics of hospitalized LC patients in Southern China.METHODS In this retrospective,cross-sectional study we included LC inpatients admitted between January 2001 and December 2020.Medical data indicating etiological diagnosis and LC complications,and demographic,laboratory,and imaging data were collected from our hospital-based dataset.The etiologies of LC were mainly determined according to the discharge diagnosis,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),portal vein thrombosis,hepatorenal syndrome,and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)were considered LC-related complications in our study.Changing trends in the etiologies and clinical characteristics were investigated using logistic regression,and temporal trends in proportions of separated years were investigated using the Cochran-Armitage test.In-hospital prognosis and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were also invest igated.RESULTS A total of 33143 patients were included in the study[mean(SD)age,51.7(11.9)years],and 82.2%were males.The mean age of the study population increased from 51.0 years in 2001-2010 to 52.0 years in 2011-2020(P<0.001),and the proportion of female patients increased from 16.7%in 2001-2010 to 18.2%in 2011-2020(P=0.003).LC patients in the decompensated stage at diagnosis decreased from 68.1%in 2001-2010 to 64.6%in 2011-2020(P<0.001),and the median score of model for end-stage liver disease also decreased from 14.0 to 11.0(P<0.001).HBV remained the major etiology of LC(75.0%)and the dominant cause of viral hepatitis-LC(94.5%)during the study period.However,the proportion of HBV-LC decreased from 82.4%in 2001-2005 to 74.2%in 2016-2020,and the proportion of viral hepatitis-LC decreased from 85.2%in 2001-2005 to 78.1%in 2016-2020(both P for trend<0.001).Meanwhile,the proportions of LC caused by alcoholic liver disease,autoimmune hepatitis and mixed etiology increased by 2.5%,0.8%and 4.5%,respectively(all P for trend<0.001).In-hospital mortality was stable at 1.0%in 2011-2020,whereas HCC and ACLF manifested the highest increases in prevalence among all LC complications(35.8%to 41.0%and 5.7%to 12.4%,respectively)and were associated with 6-fold and 4-fold increased risks of mortality(odds ratios:6.03 and 4.22,respectively).CONCLUSION LC inpatients have experienced changes in age distribution and etiologies of cirrhosis over the last 20 years in Southern China.HCC and ACLF are associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality among LC complications.

不同方式联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌合并上消化道出血的临床疗效

目的比较经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt TIPS)、内镜治疗及药物治疗3种不同方式联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transhepatic arterial chemoembolization TACE)对原发性肝癌合并门静脉高压、上消化道出血的临床疗效。方法纳入2014年1月至2020年6月联勤保障部队第九八〇医院原发性肝癌合并门静脉高压、上消化道出血患者105例,根据治疗方式分为TIPS联合TACE组25例,内镜联合TACE组30例,药物联合TACE组50例。比较3种不同治疗方式联合TACE治疗肝癌合并上消化道出血的临床疗效、出血复发率、肝性脑病发生率及生存率。结果3组患者治疗后6、12和24个月出血复发率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。TIPS组患者治疗前门静脉压力为(38.47±9.35)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),治疗后为(25.24±5.68)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后3组患者血红蛋白均不同程度升高,TIPS组及内镜组优于药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TIPS组术后6、12和24个月出血复发率低于内镜组及药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);12个月和24个月出血复发率低于内镜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内镜组12个月及24个月出血复发率低于药物组(P<0.05),两组6个月内出血复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TIPS组6个月和12个月肝性脑病发生率高于内镜组及药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),内镜组与药物组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者24个月肝性脑病发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TIPS组与内镜组6个月病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组均低于药物组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TIPS组12个月及24个月病死率低于内镜组及药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内镜组与药物组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TIPS联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌合并上消化道出血可降低上消化道出血复发率,有效控制肿瘤进展,延长生存期。

核苷类似物治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张临床价值研究

目的:探讨核苷类似物治疗乙型肝炎肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张临床价值。方法:选取乙型肝炎肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张患者88例,根据是否抗病毒治疗分为对照组(33例)和治疗组(55例)。比较两组患者治疗前后肝功能指标[白蛋白(ALB)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)]、Child-Pugh评分和凝血功能指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、凝血酶原活动度(PTA)]以及治疗后乙型肝炎病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)阴转率、食管静脉曲张程度和消化道出血情况。结果:抗病毒治疗后,治疗组患者TBIL、ALT、AST较治疗前降低,ALB较治疗前升高(均P<0.05)。抗病毒治疗后,治疗组患者PT较治疗前降低,且治疗组低于对照组;治疗组PTA较治疗前升高,且治疗组高于对照组(均P<0.05)。治疗组抗病毒治疗后Child-Pugh评分较治疗前降低,且治疗组Child-Pugh评分低于对照组(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组在抗病毒治疗后HBV-DNA阴转率升高(P<0.05)。在未行EVL治疗患者中,治疗组食管静脉曲张减轻程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。在接受及未接受EVL治疗的患者中,治疗组消化道出血率低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:核苷类似物能够抑制乙型肝炎肝硬化并发食管静脉曲张患者HBV病毒复制,改善肝功能和凝血功能,减轻食管静脉曲张程度,降低消化道出血风险。

卡维地洛联合益生菌预防乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者消化道出血和自发性腹膜炎的临床研究

目的:探讨卡维地洛联合益生菌预防乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者消化道出血和自发性腹膜炎的价值。方法:纳入2019年1月至2020年9月在我院就诊的96例乙型肝炎肝硬化失代偿期患者作为研究对象,分为对照组48例(50.0%)和研究组48例(50.0%),对照组患者给予常规治疗+普萘洛尔治疗,研究组患者给予常规治疗+卡维地洛+益生菌治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后肝功能、肠黏膜屏障功能、炎症因子以及门静脉系统血流动力学变化,Kaplan-Meier生存分析比较两组患者随访2年无消化道出血事件生存率和无自发性腹膜炎事件生存率。结果:两组患者治疗后谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)以及总胆红素较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),并且治疗后研究组患者以上指标明显低于同一时间点的对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗后二胺氧化酶(DAO)、内毒素以及D-乳酸菌较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),并且明显低于同一时间点的对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者治疗后肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白以及白介素-6(IL-6)较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),并且明显低于同一时间点的对照组(P<0.05);两组患者治疗后门静脉主干内径、门静脉最大血流速度以及门静脉平均流速较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),并且治疗后研究组患者以上指标明显低于同一时间点的对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者随访2年无消化道出血事件生存率和无自发性腹膜炎事件生存率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:卡维地洛联合益生菌治疗能够显著降低乙肝肝硬化失代偿期患者自发性腹膜炎和消化道出血发生风险。

生长抑素联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的效果分析

目的:分析生长抑素联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的效果。方法:选取2020年8月—2022年10月滨州市中心医院收治的肝硬化上消化道出血患者76例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各38例。对照组给予雷贝拉唑治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以生长抑素治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组止血总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。治疗后,两组血流动力学指标、凝血功能指标优于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:生长抑素联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的效果显著,可增强止血效果,改善血流动力学及凝血功能,且安全性高。

不同剂量奥曲肽联合内镜下套扎术治疗肝硬化并发上消化道出血的临床效果及对血清学指标的影响

目的探讨肝硬化并发上消化道出血实施不同剂量奥曲肽联合内镜下套扎术治疗的效果。方法选取广西壮族自治区江滨医院于2023年1—12月收治的110例肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为研究组(n=55)和对照组(n=55)。全部患者均进行内镜下套扎术治疗,对照组予以常规剂量奥曲肽联合治疗,研究组予以高剂量奥曲肽联合治疗,比较两组患者的围术期相关指标以及治疗前后的血清学指标以及不良反应发生率。结果研究组的72 h再出血发生率(5.45%)低于对照组(18.18%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.274,P<0.05)。研究组住院时间、止血时间及输血量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的过氧化氢(Lipid Hydroperoxide,LHP)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MAD)、晚期氧化蛋白产物(Advanced Oxidation Protein Products,AOPP)水平均有所下降,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)水平均有所上升,而研究组的LHP、MAD以及AOPPs水平均低于对照组,GSH-Px水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论肝硬化并发上消化道出血实施高剂量奥曲肽联合内镜下套扎术治疗的止血效果更好,加速术后恢复,同时可降低机体氧化应激反应,且不会显著增加不良反应。

双向质量反馈管理对肝硬化合并UGB的效果及对患者SRSS评分的影响

目的探讨应用双向质量反馈管理对肝硬化合并上消化道出血(UGB)患者的干预效果及对患者睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)评分的影响。方法选取2020年10月—2023年11月泰安市中医医院收治的100例肝硬化合并UGB患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理干预方法,观察组采用常规护理+双向质量反馈管理方法,比较两组的干预效果、自我管理能力改善情况、心理状态及睡眠质量。结果观察组的止血时间、住院时间短于对照组,住院费用少于对照组,住院期间再出血发生率、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分以及SRSS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的肝硬化自我管理行为量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双向质量反馈管理对肝硬化合并UGB患者具有显著的干预效果,能够有效提高患者的自我管理能力,并改善其心理状态和睡眠质量,缩短康复进程。

肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的危险因素分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的危险因素。方法 收集2018年3月至2023年3月北京丰台医院收治的80例肝硬化门静脉高压患者的临床资料,按照入院时是否存在上消化道出血将其分为出血组(n=41)和对照组(n=39)。收集所有患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础病史、肝硬化相关病史等,分析肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的危险因素。结果 出血组患者年龄、饮酒史、收缩压、凝血酶原时间延长比例、服用抗血小板药物比例、未服用降低门静脉压力药物比例均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、有饮酒史、凝血酶原时间延长、未服用降低门静脉压力药物、服用抗血小板药物均为肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 年龄≥60岁、饮酒史、凝血酶原时间延长、未服用降低门静脉压力药物、服用抗血小板药物均为肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素,临床上可根据上述指标筛查高危患者,给予针对性的预防措施和监测。

肝硬化并发首次上消化道出血患者心理体验的质性研究

目的 深入了解肝硬化并发首次上消化道出血患者的真实心理体验,并探讨其应对方式。方法 采用质性研究设计,于2022年3—6月对山西省临汾市某三甲医院消化内科的11例代表性样本进行半结构化深度访谈,数据逐字转录,并使用Colaizzi的现象学方法进行主题分析。结果 确定了2个类属5个主题。类属1:负价体验,即焦虑与恐慌;自责与愧疚;自我负担感。类属2:正价体验,即主动探求疾病知识;反思与成长。结论 肝硬化并发首次上消化道出血患者心理体验多样,护理人员要引导患者加强正价体验,改善负价体验,为制定和提供高质量的护理服务提供科学依据。

肝硬化门静脉高压患者TIPS相关肝性脑病与肠道微生物相关性研究进展

肝硬化门静脉高压可伴肠道屏障功能受损、小肠细菌过度生长、肠道微生物失调而进一步加重肝硬化程度;以TIPS治疗后可发生肝性脑病(HE)。本文就肝硬化门静脉高压及TIPS相关HE与肠道微生物的相关性的研究进展进行综述。