Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on gut microbial imbalance and liver function in patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B cirrhosis(HBC)is a chronic disease characterized by irreversible diffuse liver damage and aggravated by intestinal microbial imbalance and metabolic dysfunction.Although the relationship between certain single probiotics and HBC has been explored,the impact of the complex ready-to-eat Lactobacillus paracasei N1115(LP N1115)supplement on patients with HBC has not been determined.AIM To compare the changes in the microbiota,inflammatory factor levels,and liver function before and after probiotic treatment in HBC patients.METHODS This study included 160 HBC patients diagnosed at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between October 2018 and December 2020.Patients were randomly divided into an intervention group that received LP N1115 supplementation and routine treatment and a control group that received routine treatment only.Fecal samples were collected at the onset and conclusion of the 12-wk intervention period.The structure of the intestinal microbiota and the levels of serological indicators,such as liver function and inflammatory factors,were assessed.RESULTS Following LP N1115 intervention,the intestinal microbial diversity significantly increased in the intervention group(P<0.05),and the structure of the intestinal microbiota was characterized by an increase in the proportions of probiotic microbes and a reduction in harmful bacteria.Additionally,the intervention group demonstrated notable improvements in liver function indices and significantly lower levels of inflammatory factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION LP N1115 is a promising treatment for ameliorating intestinal microbial imbalance in HBC patients by modulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota,improving liver function,and reducing inflammatory factor levels.

Impact of Nursing Interventions Based on Self- Efficacy Theory on HAMA and HAMD Scores in Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis

Objective:To explore the effect of nursing interventions based on self-efficacy theory guidance on psychological stress indicators in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:70 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis from October 2023 to May 2024 were selected and grouped by random number table.The observation group received nursing intervention based on self-efficacy theory,while the control group received routine nursing.The differences in psychological stress indicators,self-efficacy indicators,and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale(HAMA)and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(HAMD)scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05);Chronic Disease Self-Efficacy Scale(CDSES)scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05);and nursing satisfaction scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Hepatitis B cirrhosis patients receiving nursing care based on self-efficacy theory can stimulate patients'self-efficacy,calm their emotions,and their overall satisfaction is high.

Correlation Between NLRP3 Inflammasome and GP73 Levels and Hepatitis B Cirrhosis with Esophageal Varices Rupture

Objective:To investigate the correlation between NOD-like receptor family protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome and Golgi protein 73(GP73)levels and hepatitis B cirrhosis with esophageal varices(EV)rupture.Methods:The subjects of this study were 145 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and varices who were treated in our hospital in recent years.Endoscopic examination was performed on the patients.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether there was EV rupture:rupture group and non-rupture group.The correlation between plasma NLRP3 and GP73 levels and hepatitis B cirrhosis with EV rupture was analyzed.Results:Through observation,comparing the levels of NLRP3 and GP73 between the two groups,the levels of NLRP3 and GP73 were significantly higher in the rupture group than in the non-rupture group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that NLRP3 and GP73 levels and Child-Pugh classification were related risk factors of hepatitis B cirrhosis with EV rupture.Conclusion:NLRP3 inflammasome and GP73 levels are closely related to hepatitis B cirrhosis with EV rupture.The corresponding evaluation aids in predicting EV rupture and bleeding in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Network meta-analysis of the compensatory effect of different Chinese herbal compounds combined with Entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different Chinese herbal compounds combined with Entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis during the compensatory period by using mesh meta-analysis.Methods:PubMed,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP databases were searched by computer,and the retrieval time was from the establishment of each database to October 5,2022.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,literature search was conducted independently by two researchers.RevMan5.4.1 software provided by Cochrane was used for evaluation,and Stata16.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 34 RCTs were included,involving 16 TCM compounds and 1543 patients.The results of network meta-analysis showed that ALT indexes of liver function were listed as Yiqi Jiedu Tongluo Method>Luoshugan Tablet>Anluo Huaxian Wan>Qishenrugan Capsule>Qingganhuaji Decoction>Ganshuang Granules>Compound Biejia Rugan Tablet>Rougan Sanjie Decoction>Shugan Jianpi Decoction>Shenqi Fuzheng Huayu Decoction>Peituhua Decoction>Shugan Jianpi Huoxu prescription>Rhubarb Zhezhan Capsule combined with Entecavir treatment respectively;The order of HA index of liver fibrosis was Heluo Shugan Tablet>Shugan Jianpi Huoxui prescription>Anluo Huaxian Wan>Compound Biejia Ruangan Tablet>Rougan Sanjie Decoction>Ganshuang Granules>Danji Huoxui Decoction>Yiqi Jiedu Tongluo Method>Rhubarb Zhezhe Capsule>Fuzheng Huayu Table>Shugan Jianpi Decoction>Rougan Huayu Decoction>Peitu Huayu Decoction>Qingganhuaji Prescription>Shenqi Fuzheng Huayu prescription combined with Entecavir respectively;In order of adverse reactions from best to worst,Shuganjianpi Decoction,Qishenrugangan Capsule,Ganshuang Granules,Peituhuazhi Decoction,compound Biejiruganpian,and He Shugan Pian combined with entecavir,respectively;The effective rate of treatment was listed as Ganshuang Granules>Compound Biejia Ruangan Tablets>uoshugan Tablets>Rougansanjie Decoction>Rhubarb Zhezhe Capsules>Yiqi Jiedu Tongluo Method>Qingganhuaji prescription>Anluo Huaxia Wan>Shugan Jianpi Decoction>Fuzheng Huayu tablets>Peituhuazhi Decoction>Shenqi Fuzheng Huayu prescription combined with Entecavir respectively.Conclusion:Entecavir combined with supplementing qi and detoxifying and dredging collages is the best method to recover ALT index of liver function during the compensation period for hepatitis B cirrhosis;Entecavir combination and Luoshugan tablet were the best treatment for HA index of hepatic fibrosis;Entecavir combined with Shuganjianpi Decoction was the best treatment for adverse reactions;The best treatment efficiency was Entecavir combined with Ganshuang granules.

Impact of Fuzheng Huayu tablet on antiviral effect of entecavir in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis

Background:Fuzheng Huayu tablet is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)used for the treatment of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.However,whether the combination with Fuzheng Huayu tablet could affect the antiviral efflcacy of nucleos(t)ide remains a concern.The objective of this trial was to explore the impact of Fuzheng Huayu tablet on antiviral effect of entecavir in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:A prospective,randomized control trial was conducted.Patients with compensated hepatitis B cirrhosis were randomly divided into the treatment group(entecavir capsule plus Fuzheng Huayu tablet)and the control group(entecavir capsule plus simulant of Fuzheng Huayu),and followed up for 48 weeks.The dynamic changes of HBV DNA load,the rate of serological conversion of HBeAg,liver function,renal function and liver stiffness measurement(LSM)were monitored.The general clinical data and adverse events were also recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the rate of virological response and cumulative virological response between the treatment group and the control group(P>0.05).After 48 weeks of treatment,the HBeAg seroconversion rate,biochemical response rate and LSM value were 21.05%and 4.76%(P=0.164),86.96%and 65.96%(P=0.017),9.5 kpa and 10.6 kpa(P=0.827)in the treatment group and the control group,respectively.No serious adverse events related to the study therapy occurred during the trial.Conclusions:The antiviral entecavir combined with Fuzheng Huayu tablet did not affect the antiviral efflcacy of entecavir,but could improve the rate of biochemical response,and had a tendency to improve the rate of serological conversion of HBeAg and liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.Fuzheng Huayu tablet is clinically safe for patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis.

Adjuvant hepatic chemotherapy after resection of solitary hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis B virus cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: Although resection is the major treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC), the high intrahepatic recurrence remains a cardinal cause of death. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy on the survival and recurrence of HCC patients with hepatitis B virus ( HBV) cirrhosis after resection. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients who had undergone placement of a hepatic arterial pump at the time of liver wedge resection for HCC from 1998 through 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. These patients aged 23-71 years had HBV cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class A or B). They were given floxuridine(FUDR) (250 mg), doxorubicin (10 mg) and mitomycin C (4 mg) alternatively every 2 or 3 days through arterial pumps for 8 cycles each year in the first two years after resection. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese herbal medicine was prescribed to the patients. When the leucocyte count was as low as 3 x 109/L or asparate aminotransferase (AST) level was significantly increased, the regimen of chemotherapy was delayed for the normalization of leucocyte count and AST level (below 80 U/L). RESULTS: Of the 28 patients, 23 received 8 or 16 cycles of the set regimen of chemotherapy. These patients are alive with no evidence of recurrence. Among them, 5,7, and 11 patients are alive beyond 5 years, 3 years, and 1 year respectively. In the remaining 5 patients, 3 who had had a HCC 10 cm or more in diameter showed tumor recurrence within 1 year, in whom, 8 cycles of chemotherapy were not completed because of their low leucocyte count (<3 × 109/L) and poor liver function. One patient who had received 8 cycles of chemotherapy demonstrated recurrence at 16 months after resection. One patient who had received 16 cycles of chemotherapy had intrahepatic recurrence at 58 months after surgery. No recurrence was observed in 17 patients who had received 16 cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant hepatic arterial chemotherapy may be feasible to improve the survival of patients after resection of solitary HCC associated with HBV cirrhosis.

B cell depletion in treating primary biliary cirrhosis:Pros and cons

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a progressive autoim- mune liver disease of unknown etiology that affects almost exclusively women.Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is currently the only approved drug by Food and Drug Administration for patients with PBC.Although the precise pathogenesis of PBC remains unclear,it has been postulated that many cell populations,including B cells,are involved in the ongoing inflammatory process,which implicates,not surprisingly,a potential thera- peutic target of depleting B cell to treat this disorder.Rituximab is a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been approved for the treatment of lymphoma and some autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.Whether it is effective in the treatment of PBC has not been evaluated.Recently,Tsuda et al [1] demon- strated that B cell depletion with rituximab significantly reduced the number of anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA)-producing B cells,AMA titers,the plasma levels of immunoglobulins (IgA,IgM and IgG) as well as se- rum alkaline phosphatase,and it was well tolerated by all the treated patients with no serious adverse events.This observation provides a novel treatment option for the patients with PBC who have incomplete response to UDCA.

OBSERVATION ON THE EFFECT OF MOXIBUSTION ON HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA IN HEPATITIS B TYPE CIRRHOSIS PATIENTS

Objective: To study the effect of moxibustion on hyperbilirubinemia in hepatitis B cirrhosis patients. Methods: 56 cases of inpatients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were divided into treatment group (n=27) and control group (n=29) randomly. All the patients of these two groups were given with routine expectant treatment including administration of medicines (Bifendate, Eessentiale, Potenline, etc) for protecting liver functions, reducing the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), etc., and in the meantime, patients of the treatment group were also treated with moxibustion of Zusanli (足三里 ST 36), Taichong (太冲 LR 3) and Sanyinjiao (三阴交 SP 6), once daily, continuously for 4 weeks. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, of the 27 and 29 cases of treatment and control group, 23 and 10 patients had improvement in clinical symptoms, 4 and 19 failed, with the total effective rates being 85.18% and 34.48% respectively. Serum total bilirubin (TBil) contents of treatment and control groups decreased significantly, and the level of TBil in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Moxibustion is an effective remedy in relieving hyperbilirubinemia and improving clinical symptoms in the treatment of hepatitis B cirrhosis patients.

Hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by liver transplantation:Case report and literature review

Objective:To summarize and analyze the clinical treatment experience of hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with Budd-Chiari syndrome.Methods:Data was obtained from a patient who were diagnosed with hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with Budd-Chiari syndrome.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical character of the patient.Results:The patient was diagnosed with Budd-Chiari syndrome incidentally during operation.so the patient underwent orthotopic liver transplanation,in which the liver and retrohepatic vena cava were resected,and recovered uneventfully.Conclusion:Orthotopic liver transplantation is not only an ideal treatment but also improves the prognosis of patients for hepatitis B cirrhosis combined with Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Short Term Efficacy of Entecavir in the Treatment of Decompensated Chronic Hepatitis B Cirrhosis

Objective:To explore the effect of entecavir on patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis.Methods:From October 2007 to December 2019,100 patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis who were treated in our hospital were selected to carry out this study.The clinical data of the patients were analyzed.According to whether entecavir treatment was carried out,100 patients were divided into two groups,50 cases in the control group and 50 cases in the observation group.The control group was treated with conventional drugs,and the observation group was treated with entecavir.Liver function indexes,liver fibrosis indexes,HBV-DNA negative conversion rate and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared with the control group,the liver function indexes of the observation group were lower,P<0.05;Compared with the control group,the observation group was better,P<0.05;The negative rate of HBV-DNA in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups,P>0.05.Conclusion:Entecavir can not only improve the liver function,but also enhance the shortterm treatment effect,without increasing adverse reactions,and has high safety,which is worthy of recommendation.

De novo combination therapy with lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic hepatitis B patients

AIM:To investigate the appropriate time for combination therapy in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients with decompensated cirrhosis.METHODS:Thirty HBeAg positive CHB patients with decompensated cirrhosis were enrolled in the study.All of the patients were given 48 wk combination therapy with lamivudine(LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil(ADV) .Briefly,10 patients were given the de novo combination therapy with LAM and ADV,whereas the other 20 patients received ADV in addition to LAM after hepatitis B virus(HBV) genetic mutation.RESULTS:Serum alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were both improved in the two groups at 4,12,24 and 48 wk after treatment.Serum albumin was also improved at 24 and 48 wk after combination therapy in both groups.The serum HBV DNA level wasstill detectable in every patient in the two groups at 4 and 12 wk after combination treatment.However,in the de novo combination group,serum HBV DNA levels in 4(40%) and 9(90%) patients was decreased to below 1×10 3 copies/mL at 24 and 48 wk after the combination treatment,respectively.In parallel,serum HBV DNA levels in 2(20%) and 8(40%) patients in the add-on combination group became undetectable at 24 and 48 wk after combination treatment,respectively.Furthermore,6(60%) patients in the de novo combination group achieved HBeAg seroconversion after 48 wk treatment,whereas only 4(20%) patients in the add-on combination group achieved seroconversion.Child-Pugh score of patients in the de novo combination group was better than that of patients in the add-on combination group after 48 wk treatment.Moreover,patients in the de novo combination group had a significantly decreased serum creatinine level and elevated red blood cell counts.CONCLUSION:De novo combination therapy with LAM and ADV was better than add-on combination therapy in terms of Child-Pugh score,virus inhibition and renal function.

Hyperoxia accelerates progression of hepatic fibrosis by up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β expression

AIM: To investigate the effect of hypoxia or hyperoxia on the progression of hepatic fibrosis and to examine the role of transforming growth factor-&#x003b2; (TGF-&#x003b2;) in the livers of rats exposed to hypoxic or hyperoxic conditions.

Influence of Fuzheng Huayu Tablet(扶正化瘀片) on Mental State and Social Function of Patients with Post-Hepatitis B Liver Cirrhosis

Objective： To observe the influence of Fuzheng Huayu Tablet （扶正化瘀片, FZHYT） on mental state and social activity of patients with post-hepatitis B liver cirrhosis （LC-HB）. Methods： Adopting grouped randomized double-blinded control method, 180 LC-HB patients in 3 research centers were distributed to 2 groups, the treated group and the control group, 90 in each group. Patients in the treated group were administered with FZHYT; while those in the control group treated with conventional therapy combined with placebo, the course for all patients were 6 months. Their mental state and social activity were evaluated before treatment, after 3 months＇ treatment and at terminal of the 6-month therapeutic course by estimating with Zung self-rating anxiety scale （SAS）, self-rating depression scale （SDS） and social deficit screening scale （SDSS）. Additionally, the basic demographic materials, liver function, cirrhosis index, hepatic and splenic images, blood coagulation function, etc. in the patients were tested and compared as well. Results： As compared with before treatment, the normal rate of SAS and SDS scores increased and the social deficit rate decreased in the treated group significantly after treatment, showing statistical significance （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）; while in the control group, change was only shown in the social deficit （P〈0.01）, inter-group comparisons after treatment showed significant differences in all the three indexes （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Additionally, after treatment, levels of liver function, cirrhosis, blood coagulation function and splenomegaly in the treated group were all improved significantly （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and the improvements were better than those in the control group （P〈0.01） in levels of total bilirubin （TBIL）, albumin （ALB）, type 1V collagen （1V-C）, prothrombin time （PT）, prothrombin activity （PTA）. Conclusion： Most patients of LC-HB have mental disturbance and social activity deficit, which could definitely be improved by intervention with Chinese FZHYT.

Etiological features of cirrhosis inpatients in Beijing, China

Background The etiological spectrum of cirrhosis has changed over the years, but our knowledge of it is limited. The present study aimed to investigate the etiological features of cirrhosis inpatients and their variation in the past 18 years in Beijing. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on all patients with cirrhosis diagnosed for the first time in Peking University People＇s Hospital from January 1, 1993, to October 25, 2010. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. Results A total of 2119 cirrhosis inpatients were included in this study： 1412 （66.6%） male and 707 （33.4%） female. Chronic hepatitis B accounted for 58.7%; chronic hepatitis C for 7.6%; chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus co-infection for 0.8% （16 cases）; alcoholic liver disease for 9.4% （200 cases）; and autoimmune diseases for 9.4% （199 cases）. In the past 18 years, the percentage of chronic hepatitis B has decreased from 75.2% to 48.7%; alcoholic liver disease has increased from 5.1% to 10.6%; and autoimmune disease has increased from 2.2% to 12.9%. The percentages of chronic hepatitis B and alcoholic liver disease were higher among men, whereas the percentages of chronic hepatitis C, autoimmune diseases and cryptogenic cirrhosis were higher among women. Conclusions Chronic hepatitis B was still the most common etiology of cirrhosis in China, but the percentage has been decreasing. The percentages of alcoholic liver disease and autoimmune diseases have been increasing. The etiological spectrum of cirrhosis inpatients differed significantly according to sex.

Prognosis of 153 patients with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis is improved after 3-year continuous lamivudine treatment

Background The long-term effectiveness and safety of lamivudine in patients with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis are still not clear. The present study attempted to describe the clinical outcomes of lamivudine therapy in these special patients over three years. Methods This study was a retrospective, controlled cohort study which involved 153 patients with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cJrrhosJs. Of these, 86 patients received lamJvudJne 100 mg daily accompanied with general internal treatment, and the other 67 were given general internal treatment only. Significant clinical responses were recorded after years of antiviral treatment. Results The patients in both groups were matched in terms of age, sex and laboratory results at baseline. After years of therapy, the Child-Pugh-Turcotte scores and laboratory values of the patients receiving lamivudine were remarkably improved compared to the patients in the control group. The mortality rate and the incidence of cirrhosis-related complications were much lower in the lamivudine group than in the control group. Genotypic resistance tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate mutations developed in 26.7 percent of the patients during 3-year lamivudine treatment, and cirrhosis-related death and the hepatocellular carcinoma were more likely to occur in patients with these mutations than in the other patients who were treated with lamivudine. Conclusions Continuous long-term lamivudine treatment in patients with decompensated hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis delays clinical progression, and significantly improves hepatic function and prognosis. However, the use of a retrospective control cohort precludes drawin（~ definitive conclusions.

Efficacy observation of Yiguanjian decoction combined adefovir Dipivoxil tablet in treating HBeAg negative chronic viral hepatitis B active compensated liver cirrhosis patients

Objective To explore clinical efficacy of Yiguanjian Decoction(YD)combined Adefovir Dipivoxil Tablet(ADT)in treating HBe Ag negative chronic viral hepatitis B(CVHB)active compensated liver cirrhosis(LC)patients.Methods Totally 68 HBe Ag negative CVHB active compensated LC patients initially treated were assigned to the treatment group and the control group

Evaluation of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Patients with Chronic Hepatic Disease

Background： The ^13C urea breath test （^13C-UBT） is the gold standard for detecting Helicobacterpylori infection. H. pylori pathogenesis in patients with hepatitis B virus （HBV） and related diseases remains obscure. We used ^13C-UBT to detect H. p.vlori infection in patients with chronic HBV infection, HBV-related cirrhosis, HBV-related hepatic carcinoma, and other chronic hepatic diseases. Methods： A total of 131 patients with chronic hepatitis B （HB）, 179 with HBV-related cirrhosis, 103 with HBV-related hepatic carcinoma, 45 with HBV-negative hepatic carcinoma, and 150 controls were tested for H. pylori infection using ^13C-UBT. We compared H. pylori infection rate, liver function, complications of chronic hepatic disease, serum HBV-DNA, serum alpha-fetoprotein （AFP）, and portal hypertensive gastropathy （PHG） incidence among groups. Results： HBV-related cirrhosis was associated with the highest H. pylori infection rate （79.3%）. H. pylori infection rate in chronic HB was significantly higher than in the HBV-negative hepatic carcinoma and control groups （P 〈 0.001 ）. 11. pylori infection rate in patients with HBV-DNA ≥10^3 copies/ml was significantly higher than in those with HBV-DNA 〈103 copies/ml （76.8% vs. 52.4%, P 〈 0.001）. Prothrombin time （21.3 ± 3.5 s vs. 18.8 ±4.3 s）, total bilirubin （47.3±12.3 μmol/L vs. 26.6±7.9 μmol/L）, aspartate aminotransferase （ 184.5 ±37.6 U/L vs. 98.4 ± 23.5 U/L）, blood ammonia （93.4 ± 43.6 μmol/L vs. 35.5 ± 11.7 μmol/L）, and AFP （203.4±62.6 μg/L vs. 113.2± 45.8 μg/L） in the ^13C-UBT-positive group were significantly higher than in the ^13C-UBT-negative group （P 〈 0.01）. The incidence rates of esophageal fundus variceal bleeding （25.4% vs. 16.0%）, ascites （28.9% vs. 17.8%）, and hepatic encephalopathy （24.8% vs. 13.4%） in the ^13C-UBT-positive group were significantly higher than in the 13C-UBT-negative group （P 〈 0.01 ）. The percentages of patients with liver function in Child-Pugh Grade C （29.6% vs. 8.1%） and PHG （43.0% vs. 24.3%） in the ^13C-UBT-positive group were significantly higher than in the ^13C-UBT-negative group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions： It is possible that H. pylori infection could increase liver damage caused by HBV. 1t. pylori eradication should be performed in patients with complicating H. pylori infection to delay hepatic disease progression.

The power of prevention:how tenofovir and entecavir are changing the game in hepatocellular carcinoma

Introduction Individual patient data(IPD)meta-analysis by Choi et al.(1)compared hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)risk between the entecavir(ETV)and tenofovir(TDF)in treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model from 11 Asian studies,totaling 42,939 patients receiving nucles(t)tide analogues(NAs)for more than one year.