A new species of deep-water barnacle that belongs to the family Scalpellidae is described from the South China Sea. A rcoscalpellum liui sp. nov. is morphologically similar to A rcoscalpellum gryllum Zevina,but differ...A new species of deep-water barnacle that belongs to the family Scalpellidae is described from the South China Sea. A rcoscalpellum liui sp. nov. is morphologically similar to A rcoscalpellum gryllum Zevina,but differs from the latter by the absence of longitudinal striae on the capitular plates and the presence of caudal appendages with few terminal setae.展开更多
Curious eroded depressions,most resembling an eye shedding an elongate tear,are found in gently sloping,intertidal,carbonate-rich arenite outcropping on the sea coast near Lakes Entrance,Victoria,southeast Australia.T...Curious eroded depressions,most resembling an eye shedding an elongate tear,are found in gently sloping,intertidal,carbonate-rich arenite outcropping on the sea coast near Lakes Entrance,Victoria,southeast Australia.The depressions,known locally as“Tears of the Virgin,”are evidently formed by multiple generations of a barnacle,Chthamalus antennatus Darwin,1854 in association with cyanobacteria.While the round part of a depression offers the barnacle a modicum of protection from impacts during high tides,it is also partially inhabited by cyanobacteria,which extend into and tend to fill the elongate tear.As such,this appears to be the first case of mutualism between a higher invertebrate and cyanobacteria,with the cyanobacteria reducing the barnacle’s risk of desiccation while receiving metabolic wastes from it during low tides.It is also the first record of a balanomorph barnacle eroding calcareous arenite beneath its shell,the net effect of which would be expected to reduce its adhesion to the substrate.However,the siliceous residue,resulting from the barnacle’s dissolution of the more than 80%of the calcite-rich sedimentary rock,is sequestered in delicate folds on the inside of the shell wall as it grows.A brief review of cirripedes capable of excavation includes the first photographic documentation of excavation of a mollusc shell by a verrucomorph.展开更多
Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the Scalpelliformes.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded ...Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the Scalpelliformes.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event.During the late Palaeogene,rapid radiation of cirripedes resulted in sufficient diversification for them to occupy most marine environments.That they survived both the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to rapidly adapt to opportunities.The wide habitat distribution of balanomorphs in particular is unparalleled;they are known from the upper littoral(Chthamalus)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this attached to rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in this diversity,distribution and biomass.All cirripedes are,nonetheless,at risk,from rapid habitat change,competition,pollution and,especially in light of their sessile habit,from predation.This paper assesses the viability of a number of cirripedes and concludes that the Lepadiformes,Scalpelliformes and Balanomorpha are the most resilient,and will most quickly adapt to occupy new niches when opportunities arise.展开更多
During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were detected.Although bromine ions occur in seawater(u...During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were detected.Although bromine ions occur in seawater(up to 66 ppm),this level of accumulation,in the soft tissue of the barnacle,is extraordinary.Organic concentration of bromine compounds occurs in a number of invertebrates,such as algae and sponges,but this is the first record of elevated bromine in goose barnacles.The high accumulation of bromine compound(s)is most likely a defense mechanism.The present paper includes a review of the mechanisms deployed by barnacles to repel predators.展开更多
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA1103040102)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31172054)
文摘A new species of deep-water barnacle that belongs to the family Scalpellidae is described from the South China Sea. A rcoscalpellum liui sp. nov. is morphologically similar to A rcoscalpellum gryllum Zevina,but differs from the latter by the absence of longitudinal striae on the capitular plates and the presence of caudal appendages with few terminal setae.
文摘Curious eroded depressions,most resembling an eye shedding an elongate tear,are found in gently sloping,intertidal,carbonate-rich arenite outcropping on the sea coast near Lakes Entrance,Victoria,southeast Australia.The depressions,known locally as“Tears of the Virgin,”are evidently formed by multiple generations of a barnacle,Chthamalus antennatus Darwin,1854 in association with cyanobacteria.While the round part of a depression offers the barnacle a modicum of protection from impacts during high tides,it is also partially inhabited by cyanobacteria,which extend into and tend to fill the elongate tear.As such,this appears to be the first case of mutualism between a higher invertebrate and cyanobacteria,with the cyanobacteria reducing the barnacle’s risk of desiccation while receiving metabolic wastes from it during low tides.It is also the first record of a balanomorph barnacle eroding calcareous arenite beneath its shell,the net effect of which would be expected to reduce its adhesion to the substrate.However,the siliceous residue,resulting from the barnacle’s dissolution of the more than 80%of the calcite-rich sedimentary rock,is sequestered in delicate folds on the inside of the shell wall as it grows.A brief review of cirripedes capable of excavation includes the first photographic documentation of excavation of a mollusc shell by a verrucomorph.
文摘Cirripede-like organisms have their origins in the Palaeozoic,but until the Cainozoic,were represented primarily by pedunculated forms,such as the Scalpelliformes.Acorn barnacles(Balanomorpha)are first recorded after the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event.During the late Palaeogene,rapid radiation of cirripedes resulted in sufficient diversification for them to occupy most marine environments.That they survived both the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and the Pleistocene glaciation is testament to their ability to rapidly adapt to opportunities.The wide habitat distribution of balanomorphs in particular is unparalleled;they are known from the upper littoral(Chthamalus)to depths of 3600 m(Tetrachaelasma)and within this attached to rock,wood and miscellaneous flotsam,plus in symbiosis or commensalism with larger marine organisms.Darwin’s(1854)view of the Tertiary as the age of barnacles is reflected in this diversity,distribution and biomass.All cirripedes are,nonetheless,at risk,from rapid habitat change,competition,pollution and,especially in light of their sessile habit,from predation.This paper assesses the viability of a number of cirripedes and concludes that the Lepadiformes,Scalpelliformes and Balanomorpha are the most resilient,and will most quickly adapt to occupy new niches when opportunities arise.
文摘During routine chemical analyses of the stalked ibliform barnacle Chaetolepas calcitergum Buckeridge&Newman 2006,peaks of more than 7%(by dry mass)of bromine were detected.Although bromine ions occur in seawater(up to 66 ppm),this level of accumulation,in the soft tissue of the barnacle,is extraordinary.Organic concentration of bromine compounds occurs in a number of invertebrates,such as algae and sponges,but this is the first record of elevated bromine in goose barnacles.The high accumulation of bromine compound(s)is most likely a defense mechanism.The present paper includes a review of the mechanisms deployed by barnacles to repel predators.
