Fingerprint analysis of Cirsium japonicum DC.using high performance liquid chromatography

In many areas of China Cirsium setosum is used as Cirsiumjaponicum DC. Although the two herbs have similar appearance and many similar compounds, they are totally different medicinal material, and have different pharmacodynamic actions. The fingerprint spectrum can be a good tool to distinguish the two herbs and control the quality of Cirsium japonicum DC. In this paper, the chemical fingerprint of Cirsiumjaponicum DC was established using raw materials from 15 origins in China. The chromatographic separations were obtained by a SHIM-PACK VP-ODS column （150 mm ~ 4.6 mm i.d., 5 ~tm） using gradient elution, and run time of 80 min. The peak of linarin was considered as the control peak. The experimental data were analyzed with the software of Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （Version 2004A） and the quality control system of both the overall qualitative similari- ties and the overall quantitative similarities of traditional Chinese medicine chromatographic fingerprints.

Inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts formation by Korean thistle,Cirsium maackii

Objective:To evaluate inhibitoy potential of seven Korean thistles against the advanced glyeatinn endproducts(AGE) formation as well as to identify responsible compounds from the most active species.Methods:We used an in vitro AGE inhibition assay to evaluate the antidiabetic complication potential of the methanol extracts of the selected Korean thistles.Results:Among the seven Korean thistles,the leaves of Cirsium maackii(C.maackii) exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity against AGE formation.By means of bioassay-directed fractionation,a lignan.chlorogenic acid and 14 flavonoids were isolated from the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction of a methanol extract from C.maackii leaves.Luteolin and its 5-O-glueoside have been previously isolated:however,a lignan and 13 known compounds were isolated for the first lime from C maackii leaves in this study.Most of the isolated compounds exhibited inhibitory activities against potential AGE formation.Among them,cernuoside was shown to be the most potent AGE inhibitor with an IC_(50) value of 21.21 μ mol/L.Most importantly,two major flavonoids,luteolin and ils 5-O-glucoside,also significantly inhibited AGE formation,with IC_(50) values of36.33 and 37.47 μmol/L,respectively.Structure activity relationship revealed that the presence of free 3'and 4' dihydroxyl group in flavonoids skeleton played an important role in AGE inhibition.Conclusions:These results indicate that C.maackii and C maackii-derived flavonoids might be explored further to develop therapeutic agents for the prevention of diabetic eoniplicalions due to their significant inhibitory activity against AGE formation.

Polysaccharide extracts of Cirsium japonicum protect rat H9c2 myocardial cells from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide

Daji （Cirsium japonicum） has been applied against gastric disorders, lung diseases, and cardiovascular problems in thetraditional Chinese medicinal system. The present study was to investigate the protective effects of Daji （Cirsiumjaponicum） polysaccharide extracts （CJP） against hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） shock in rat H9c2 myocardial cells. First,CJP was isolated by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation; it was then characterized by high performance liquidchromatography and infrared spectrum analysis. Rat H9c2 cells were subjected to H2O2 treatment to establish a cellinjury model. The 3- （4,5- dimethylthiazol- 2-yl）-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay showed that CJP pretreatmentsignificantly ameliorated the H2O2 injury in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the cell apoptosis induced by H2O2was markedly inhibited by CJP pretreatment, whereas the cleavage level of caspase-3, -8, and -9 was reduced. Inaddition, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway might be involved in the protective effect of CJP onmyocardial cells. Therefore, we conclude that polysaccharide extracts of Daji （Cirsium japonicum） protect rat H9c2myocardial cells from oxidative stress induced by H2O2.

Antibacterial Activity of Plants in Cirsium:A Comprehensive Review

As ethnic medicine,the whole grass of plants in Cirsium was used as antimicrobial.This review focuses on the antimicrobial activity of plants in Cirsium,including antimicrobial components,against different types of microbes and bacteriostatic mechanism.The results showed that the main antimicrobial activity components in Cirsium plants were flavonoids,triterpenoids and phenolic acids,and the antimicrobial ability varied according to the species and the content of chemicals.Among them,phenolic acids showed a strong antibacterial ability against Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterococcus faecium.The antibacterial mechanisms include:(1)damaging the cell membrane,cell walls,mitochondria and nucleus of bacteria;(2)inhibiting the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids;(3)suppressing the synthesis of enzymes for tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways and glycolysis,and then killing the bacteria via inhibition of energy production.Totally,most research results on antimicrobial activity of Cirsium plants are reported based on in vitro assays.The evidence from clinical data and comprehensive evaluation are needed.

Taraxastane-type triterpenoids from the medicinal and edible plant Cirsium setosum

Guided by TNF-α secretion inhibitory activity assay, four taraxastane-type triterpenoids, including two new ones, 22-oxo-20-taraxasten-3β, 30-diol(1) and 22α-hydroxy-20-taraxasten-30β, 30-triol(2), have been obtained from an active fraction of the petroleum ether-soluble extract of the the medicinal and edible plant Cirsium setosum. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data and CD data analysis. In the TNF-α secretion inhibitory activity assay, compounds 1 and 2 were active with the IC50 of 2.6 and 3.8 μmol·L-1, respectively. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed moderately selective cytotoxicity against the human ovarian cancer(A2780) and colon cancer(HCT-8) cell lines.

双水相提取小蓟多酚工艺优化及其生物活性研究

以信阳小蓟为试材,采用乙醇-(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)双水相法(ATPE)提取多酚,研究了多酚的提取工艺及其对淀粉消化酶的抑制作用和对亚硝酸盐的清除能力,以期为小蓟多酚作为降血糖药品或食品添加剂的开发利用提供参考依据。结果表明:最佳提取工艺条件为(NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4)质量分数23%,乙醇质量分数26%,提取时间60 min,液料比30∶1 mL·g^(-1),提取温度81℃。在此条件下,多酚得率为(9.36±0.51)mg·g^(-1),对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率的IC_(50)值分别为0.014 mg·mL^(-1)和0.061 mg·mL^(-1),明显优于阿卡波糖,且对亚硝酸盐的清除率高达82.05%,表现出良好的降血糖活性和清除亚硝酸盐的能力。

线叶蓟的性状和显微鉴别研究

目的对线叶蓟Cirsium lineare(Thunb.)Sch.-Bip进行生药学研究,为线叶蓟药材的鉴定提供依据。方法查阅有关文献,采用性状、微性状及显微鉴别方法对线叶蓟进行生药学研究。结果经性状观察,线叶蓟叶上下表面异色,茎、叶及苞片被有蛛丝毛,茎叶上还存在多细胞长节毛。根部显微可观察到具缘纹孔导管、分泌道及菊糖等特征。茎横切面可见有若干分泌道和草酸钙针晶。叶部显微可见多细胞非腺毛、分隔石细胞。花及果实粉末显微中可见花粉粒、果皮薄壁细胞等。结论通过性状、微性状及显微特征可对线叶蓟进行准确鉴别。

改善小蓟水提液风味的发酵工艺优化及机制研究

为优化改善小蓟水提液风味的发酵工艺,分析发酵改善其口感的分子机制。该试验通过单菌及混菌发酵、响应面优化法确定最佳发酵工艺,利用代谢组学技术阐释发酵改善小蓟水提液风味的分子机制。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌∶嗜热链球菌=3∶1(体积比)为最佳混菌发酵组合,最佳发酵工艺条件为接菌量1.46%、发酵温度23.65℃、蔗糖含量4.35%。发酵后,小蓟水提液总黄酮含量未发生明显变化。代谢组学分析结果显示,小蓟水提液发酵后,6'-唾液乳糖、α-乳糖等甜味成分和2-羟基肉桂酸、双香豆素芳香味成分均显著上调,苦毒宁、番泻苷C等苦涩味物质显著下调,与风味改善有关的代谢主要被富集在糖、氨基酸、核苷酸相关的代谢通路。

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化小蓟多糖的工艺研究

试验以吸附率与解析率为考察指标,比较4种大孔吸附树脂D101、D4020、AB-8、X-5对小蓟(Cirsium setosum)多糖的纯化效果。采用分光光度法测定小蓟多糖的含量,用静态与动态吸附-解析方法从4种树脂中筛选出最适树脂,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化其纯化工艺。结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂为纯化小蓟多糖的最佳树脂;其纯化最佳工艺条件为:上样液浓度2.0 mg/m L,上样量30 m L,流速1.0 m L/min,洗脱剂p H 7.0。在此工艺条件下,AB-8对小蓟多糖的解析率可达77.93%。

一测多评法同时测定小蓟配方颗粒中5种成分

建立一测多评(QAMS)法同时测定小蓟配方颗粒中新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、芦丁5种成分的含量。采用高效液相色谱法测定小蓟配方颗粒中5种成分,流动相为乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱,流量为0.8 mL/min,柱温为25℃,检测波长为340 nm,进样体积为10μL。5种成分的质量浓度与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均为0.999 9,加标平均回收率分别为94.22%、98.58%、100.98%、99.96%、95.23%,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于1.00%(n=6)。以绿原酸为内参物,建立其与新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸和芦丁的相对校正因子,相对校正因子分别为1.153、1.014、0.783、1.516。将一测多评法计算结果与外标法测定结果进行对比,两种方法对10批小蓟配方颗粒的测定结果均无明显差异,新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸和芦丁测定结果的相对偏差均小于2%。建立的一测多评法测定结果准确可靠,可用于小蓟配方颗粒5种成分的同时测定及质量控制。

大孔树脂纯化大蓟总黄酮工艺优化及其纯化前后抗氧化活性比较

目的 研究大孔树脂纯化大蓟总黄酮的最佳工艺条件并比较提取物与纯化物的体外抗氧化活性。方法 通过静态吸附-解吸实验选择适宜型号的大孔树脂后,采取动态吸附-解吸实验探讨大蓟黄酮提取物的最佳纯化条件,同时测定不同产物对羟自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼(DPPH·)自由基的清除率。结果 AB-8大孔树脂动态吸附-解吸大蓟黄酮提取物的工艺条件为:上样液浓度为2mg·mL^(-1)、上样流速为1mL·min^(-1)、上样液体积为60mL、乙醇体积分数为75%、洗脱流速为1mL·min^(-1)和洗脱液体积为80mL。纯化后大蓟黄酮的含量由17.6%提高至61.2%。体外实验结果表明,当大蓟黄酮纯化物浓度为1.0mg·mL^(-1)时,对DPPH·和·OH的清除率分别为88.9%、95.1%,较提取物均有提高。结论 采用最佳工艺条件纯化大蓟黄酮粗提物简便可行,且能进一步增强大蓟总黄酮的抗氧化活性。

基于高效液相色谱指纹图谱和多成分定量的大蓟配方颗粒质量评价

目的评价不同生产企业不同批次大蓟配方颗粒的质量。方法采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定大蓟配方颗粒中5种有效成分的含量,色谱柱为Agilent Extend C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5µm),流动相为乙腈-甲醇(4∶1,V/V)-0.1%磷酸溶液(梯度洗脱),流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为330 nm,柱温为30℃,进样量为10µL;建立指纹图谱,通过比对鉴定共有峰,并进行相似度评价,采用聚类分析法(CA)、主成分分析(PCA)法和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)法对5个生产企业的17批样品进行分析。结果大蓟配方颗粒的指纹图谱有14个共有峰,指认出了8个峰;CA和PCA将17批大蓟配方颗粒分为4类;OPLS-DA确定了6种差异标志物成分,对其影响显著性排序分别为芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖醛酸苷>峰7>绿原酸>峰9>隐绿原酸>柳穿鱼叶苷。5种成分在各自质量浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r≥0.9991,n=5);平均加样回收率为95.88%~99.12%,RSD为1.40%~2.00%(n=9)。结论该方法操作简单,方法学考察结果良好,能用于大蓟配方颗粒的质量评价。

中药大蓟的化学及药理研究进展

对中药大蓟的复杂化学成分进行了整理 ,发现主要是三萜和甾体类、挥发油类、长链炔醇类、黄酮和黄酮苷类化合物等。并综述了其抗菌、抑制心脏、降压、升压、降低脂质过氧化物形成、止血、抗肿瘤、杀线虫等药理作用。

葵花大蓟亲脂性化学成分研究

从葵花大蓟地上部分的提取物中分离得到6个化合物。利用现代波谱技术鉴定为山奈甲黄素（1）、芹菜素（2）、刺槐素（3）、3β-羟基豆甾-5-烯-7-酮（4）、β-谷甾醇（5）、β-胡萝卜苷（6）。以ABTS^＋自由基清除实验表明化合物1、2具有良好的抗氧化活性。化合物1～6均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

大蓟化学成分的研究

目的 研究中药大蓟CirsiumjaponicumDC .的化学成分。方法 应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化 ,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果 共分得 1 2个化合物 ,分别鉴定为cis 8,9 epoxy heptadeca 1 ene 1 1 ,1 3 diyne 1 0 ol(1 ) ,ciryneolA (2 ) ,8,9,1 0 triacetoxy heptadeca 1 ene 1 1 ,1 3 diyne (3) ,ciryneoneF (4) ,cireneolG (5) ,ciryneolH (6) ,ciryneolC (7) ,对 香豆酸 (8) ,丁香苷 (9) ,蒙花苷 (1 0 ) ,β 谷甾醇 (1 1 )和胡萝卜苷 (1 2 )。 结论 4 ,5 ,6为新化合物 ,3为新天然产物 。

烟管蓟地上部分化学成分研究

对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔产烟管蓟的化学成分进行研究,从烟管蓟乙醇提取物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取部分中分离得到13个化合物,根据波谱分析和文献对照的方法鉴定它们分别为:β-谷甾醇(1)、α-菠甾醇(2)、蒲公英甾醇(3)、三十烷醇(4)、叶绿素a(5)、叶黄素(6)、蒙花苷(7)、β-谷甾醇葡萄糖苷(8)、3,′4′-二羟基苯乙醇葡萄糖苷(9)、3-(3,′5′-二甲基-4′-羟基苯基)-丙烯醇葡萄糖苷(10)、尿嘧啶(11)、绿原酸甲酯(12)、绿原酸(13),以上化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到。

小蓟的化学成分研究

从小蓟带花全草的乙醇提取物中,分离得到6个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为:5,7-二羟基黄酮,7-葡萄糖酸-5,6-二羟基黄酮,乌苏甲酯,齐墩果酸,胆甾醇和芸香苷,其中前5个化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。

ITS2序列鉴定大蓟、小蓟药材及其近缘混伪品

目的:应用ITS2序列鉴别大蓟、小蓟药材及其近缘混伪品,以保障临床用药准确。方法:收集大蓟、小蓟药材的基原物种蓟和刺儿菜及其近缘混伪品,经DNA提取、PCR扩增、测序和序列拼接等步骤,获得ITS2序列,结合Gen Bank载序列共14个物种54条序列,用MEGA6.0对序列进行比对分析,计算种内种间K2P(Kimura 2-Parameter)遗传距离,构建系统邻接(NJ)树。结果:ITS2序列分析表明,蓟和刺儿菜种内变异位点数均远小于其与混伪品种间变异位点,以上2个物种种内最大(平均)K2P距离均小于其与混伪品种间最小(平均)K2P距离;基于ITS2序列的系统NJ树可以将蓟和刺儿菜及其近缘混伪品很好地区分开,且各物种均单独成支。结论:ITS2序列可以很好地鉴定大蓟、小蓟药材及其近缘混伪品。

小蓟化学成分研究

从菊科植物小蓟地上部分中分到5种成分。经鉴定分别为ψ-乙酰蒲公英甾醇,蒲公英甾醇,三十烷醇,β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇。

大蓟炭炮制工艺及质量标准研究

采用正交试验法,对大蓟炭的炮制工艺进行优选。结果表明,大蓟炭的最佳炮制工艺为220℃炒10min,该炮制品的多种宏量及微量元素含量明显升高。