Cisplatin-induced activation of TGF-βsignaling contributes to drug resistance

Growing evidence suggests an association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),a hallmark of tumor malignancy,and chemoresistance to a number of anti-cancer drugs.However,the mechanism of EMT induction in the process of acquiring anti-cancer drug resistance remains unclear.To address this issue,we obtained a number of cisplatin-resistant clones from LoVo cells and found that almost all of them lost cell-cell contacts.In these clones,the epithelial marker E-cadherin was downregulated,whereas the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin was upregulated.Moreover,the expression of EMT-related transcription factors,including Slug,was elevated.On the other hand,the upregulation of other mesenchymal marker Vimentin was weak,suggesting that the mesenchymal-like phenotypic changes occurred in these cisplatin-resistant clones.These mesenchymal-like features of cisplatin-resistant clones were partially reversed to parental epithelial-like features by treatment with transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)receptor kinase inhibitors,indicating that TGF-βsignaling is involved in cisplatin-induced the mesenchymallike phenotypic changes.Moreover,cisplatin was observed to enhance the secretion of TGF-βinto the culture media without influencing TGF-βgene transcription.These results suggest that cisplatin may induce the mesenchymal-like phenotypic changes by enhancing TGF-βsecretion,ultimately resulting in drug resistance.

miR-125b reverses cisplatin resistance by regulating autophagy via targeting RORA/BNIP3L axis in lung adenocarcinoma

The platinum-based chemotherapy is one of the most frequently used treatment protocols for lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD),and chemoresistance,however,usually results in treatment failure and limits its application in the clinic.It has been shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)play a significant role in tumor chemoresistance.In this study,miR-125b was identified as a specific cisplatin(DDP)-resistant gene in LUAD,as indicated by the bioinformatics analysis and the real-time quantitative PCR assay.The decreased serum level of miR-125b in LUAD patients was correlated with the poor treatment response rate and short survival time.MiR-125b decreased the A549/DDP proliferation,and the multiple drug resistance-and autophagy-related protein expression levels,which were all reversed by the inhibition of miR-125b.In addition,xenografts of human tumors in nude mice were suppressed by miR-125b,demonstrating that through autophagy regulation,miR-125b could reverse the DDP resistance in LUAD cells,both in vitro and in vivo.Further mechanistic studies indicated that miR-125b directly repressed the expression levels of RORA and its downstream BNIP3L,which in turn inhibited autophagy and reversed chemoresistance.Based on these findings,miR-125b in combination with DDP might be an effective treatment option to overcome DDP resistance in LUAD.

The Analysis of the Correlation between SPT and CPT Based on CNN-GA and Liquefaction Discrimination Research

The objective of this study is to investigate themethods for soil liquefaction discrimination. Typically, predicting soilliquefaction potential involves conducting the standard penetration test (SPT), which requires field testing and canbe time-consuming and labor-intensive. In contrast, the cone penetration test (CPT) provides a more convenientmethod and offers detailed and continuous information about soil layers. In this study, the feature matrix based onCPT data is proposed to predict the standard penetration test blow count N. The featurematrix comprises the CPTcharacteristic parameters at specific depths, such as tip resistance qc, sleeve resistance f s, and depth H. To fuse thefeatures on the matrix, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed for feature extraction. Additionally,Genetic Algorithm (GA) is utilized to obtain the best combination of convolutional kernels and the number ofneurons. The study evaluated the robustness of the proposed model using multiple engineering field data sets.Results demonstrated that the proposed model outperformed conventional methods in predicting N values forvarious soil categories, including sandy silt, silty sand, and clayey silt. Finally, the proposed model was employedfor liquefaction discrimination. The liquefaction discrimination based on the predicted N values was comparedwith the measured N values, and the results showed that the discrimination results were in 75% agreement. Thestudy has important practical application value for foundation liquefaction engineering. Also, the novel methodadopted in this research provides new ideas and methods for research in related fields, which is of great academicsignificance.

TGF-β-regulated different iron metabolism processes in the development and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer

The impact of different iron metabolism processes(DIMP)on ovarian cancer remains unclear.In this study,we employed various gene chips and databases to investigate the role of DIMP in the initiation and development of ovarian cancer.cBioPortal was used to determine mutations in DIMP-associated genes in ovarian cancer.Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to examine the influence of DIMP on the prognosis of ovarian cancer.By analyzing 1669 serous ovarian cancer cases,we identified a range of mutations in iron metabolism genes,notably in those coding for the transferrin receptor(19%),melanotransferrin(19%),and ceruloplasmin(10%)in the iron import process,and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase(9%),hepcidin antimicrobial peptide(9%),metal regulatory transcription factor 1(8%),and bone morphogenetic protein 6(8%)in the iron regulation process.Compared to the unaltered group,the group with gene alterations exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden count(43 vs.54)and more advanced histologic grade(78.19%vs.87.90%).Compared to the normal ovarian counterparts,a reduction in expression was observed in 9 out of the 14 genes involved in iron utilization and 4 out of the 5 genes involved in iron export in ovarian cancer;in contrast,an increase in expression was observed in 2 out of the 3 genes involved in iron storage in ovarian cancer.Furthermore,in cisplatin-resistant cells compared to cisplatin-sensitive ones,the expression of all genes in iron storage and 13 out of 14 genes in iron import was decreased,while that of 8 out of the 10 genes in iron utilization was increased.In addition,survival curve analysis indicated that a higher expression in the majority of genes in the iron import process(12/21),or a reduced expression in most genes in the iron export process(4/5)correlated with poor progression-free survival.Additionally,TGF-βcould regulate the expression of most iron metabolism-associated genes;particularly,expression of genes involved in the iron storage process(2/2)was inhibited after TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 treatment.In conclusion,DIMP plays multifaceted roles in the initiation,chemo-resistance,and prognosis of ovarian cancer.Therapeutically targeting DIMP may pave the way for more tailored treatment approaches for ovarian cancer.

Celecoxib enhances the response of tumor cells to cisplatin through upregulating PUMA in non–small cell lung cancer carrying wild-type p53

Celecoxib,a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy;however,its effect seems inconsistent.In this study,we investigated whether celecoxib would increase the antiproliferative effects of cisplatin in human lung cancer cells.Our data demonstrated the synergistic effects of celecoxib with cisplatin in wild-type p53 cells and their antagonistic effects inmutated or deleted p53 cells.Combination indices of 0.82 to 0.93 reflected a synergistic effect between celecoxib and cisplatin in lung cancer cells with wild-type p53.Combination indices of 1.63 to 3.00 reflected antagonism between celecoxib and cisplatin in lung cancer cells with mutated or deleted p53.Compared with that in cells with mutated or deleted p53,apoptosis significantly increased with the addition of celecoxib and cisplatin in wild-type p53 cells(P<0.05).Moreover,the results in vivo were similar to those in vitro:celecoxib combinedwith cisplatin slowed tumor growth in wild-type p53 groups and not in mutated or deleted p53 groups.In addition,celecoxib promoted p53 translocation into the nucleus and upregulated active p53 expression in wild-type p53 cells.Celecoxib combined with cisplatin upregulated PUMA(PUMA is a downstream gene of p53)after active p53 increased in wild-type p53 cells.In summary,the combination of celecoxib and cisplatin demonstrates clear synergistic effects in wild-type p53 cells and antagonistic effects inmutated or deleted p53 cells.The synergistic effect was achieved by apoptosis,induced by upregulating PUMA.Our results will provide a new treatment strategy for patients carrying wild-type p53,insensitive to cisplatin.

基于应激CPT模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务在肠造口术患儿中的应用效果

目的探讨基于应激CPT(cognitive phenomenological transnational)模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务在学龄期肠造口术患儿中的应用。方法选取本院2020年5月—2022年5月收治的130例学龄期肠造口术患儿作为研究对象,将2020年5月—2021年5月收治的65例肠造口术患儿列为对照组,将2021年6月—2022年5月收治的65例肠造口术患儿列为观察组。对照组行常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施基于应激CPT模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务护理措施,观察并比较两组患儿干预后的心理状态、应对方式及遵医行为情况。结果干预后,观察组患儿焦虑、抑郁评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿的消极应对各维度评分低于对照组,积极应对各维度评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患儿遵医依从率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于应激CPT模型和理性情绪理论的游戏服务应用于学龄期肠造口患儿临床护理中,可显著缓解患儿的焦虑、抑郁不良情绪,提升其积极应对水平,提高遵医依从性,为患儿获取优质预后起到了重要作用,安全有效,应用简便,值得在临床推广和应用。

三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠PPARα/CPT-1通路的影响

目的:基于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARα)/肉毒碱棕榈酰基转移酶-1(CPT-1)通路探究三子养亲汤对正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠脂质代谢的影响。方法:将50只Wistar大鼠随机分成空白组10只及造模组40只,空白组给予维持饲料,造模组采用高脂饲料饲养+高盐(6%盐水)灌胃方式制备正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠模型,造模8周,模型构建成功后将40只大鼠随机分为模型组及三子养亲汤低、中、高剂量组,每组各10只。其后,空白组给予生理盐水灌胃,造模组继续给予高脂饲料加6%盐水灌胃,同时三子养亲汤各组给予相应浓度水煎液灌胃。灌胃8周后,检测各组大鼠体质量、血压、血脂四项及肝脏生化指标,观察肝脏病理形态及脂质沉积情况,检测大鼠肝脏中PPARα、CPT-1、酰基辅酶A氧化酶(ACOX1)基因和蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组体质量、血压及血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶均显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。空白组大鼠肝细胞排列整齐,细胞核形态完整,无红色脂质沉积;模型组大鼠肝细胞排列不整齐,出现细胞核消失的现象,肝细胞内出现部分脂质沉积;三子养亲汤高剂量组肝细胞排列规则、细胞核完整,有较少红色脂质沉积;三子养亲汤中、低剂量组细胞核较完整,肝细胞排列较整齐,有少量红色脂质沉积。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1蛋白表达水平明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),中剂量组ACOX1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,三子养亲汤高剂量组PPARα、CPT-1、ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),三子养亲汤低、中剂量组ACOX1mRNA水平升高(P<0.01)。结论:三子养亲汤可改善正常高值血压痰湿壅盛证大鼠体质量、血压、血脂及肝脏生化指标等。其机制可能与三子养亲汤调控PPARα/CPT-1信号通路,促进脂肪酸氧化分解,进而调控肝脏脂质代谢相关。

我国积极对接CPTPP背景下的智慧关税建设路径研究

当前全球经济秩序和贸易体系处于变革和重塑时期,以《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)为代表的高标准国际经贸规则发挥了引领作用,其高水准制定的规则成为国际贸易新趋势。我国于2021年申请加入CPTPP。习近平总书记多次在重要的国际会议场合强调或者重申:“中国将积极推动加入CPTPP”。关税减让是CPTPP的核心内容之一。如何通过智慧关税建设,对标CPTPP的规则、标准、管理提升监管服务水平,成为我国高质量对接CPTPP,进一步推动制度型开放的关键。

CPTPP何以吸引中国

CPTPP由TPP发展而来,CPTPP的前身是TPP。TPP是跨太平洋伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement)的英文缩写,而TPP前身是四个伙伴国(P4),即由新西兰、新加坡、智利、文莱发起的自2002年开始酝酿的跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系协定(Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement)。2009年11月,时任美国总统奥巴马宣布美国参与TPP谈判,后陆续有秘鲁、越南、澳大利亚、马来西亚、日本、墨西哥、加拿大加入TPP谈判。2016年2月,12个成员国在新西兰奥克兰签署成立TPP。

CPT1A、CPT2表达水平在肾透明细胞癌预后评估中的价值

目的探索脂肪酸降解相关基因肉碱棕榈酰转移酶IA(carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1A,CPT1A)和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅱ(carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2,CPT2)在肾透明细胞癌(clear cell renal cell carcinoma,ccRCC)的表达及意义。方法生物信息学分析癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)、纪念斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心(Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center,MSKCC)的ccRCC数据中脂肪酸降解相关基因及代谢物。采用免疫组化染色和Western blot分析脂肪酸降解关键基因CPT1A、CPT2蛋白表达水平。构建ccRCC组织芯片(n=103),通过CPT1A、CPT2免疫组化染色评分分析二者表达和预后的关系。构建并初步评价预后预测模型。结果生物信息学分析结果显示,CPT1A、CPT2是参与棕榈酰肉碱代谢、脂肪酸氧化及肾癌进展的关键基因。组织芯片和TCGA队列的结果显示:(1)ccRCC中CPT1A和CPT2的表达水平均较正常肾组织降低(P<0.05);(2)免疫组化评分显示CPT1A、CPT2的表达与病理分级(r=-0.243,P=0.013;r=-0.391,P<0.01)和TNM分期(r=-0.363,P<0.01;r=-0.430,P<0.01)负相关;(3)CPT1A、CPT2低表达与较低的无疾病生存率相关(P<0.01)。Cox回归分析结果显示,CPT2表达水平是ccRCC独立预后因素(P<0.01)。TNM-CPT1A、TNM-CPT2预后模型能显著提高TNM分期对预后的预测能力。结论与高表达患者相比,CPT1A、CPT2低表达预示ccRCC患者预后不良。

Ellagic acid ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating inflammation and SIRT6/TNF-α signaling

De spite cisplatin has been widely used in the treatment of various cancers,the noteworthy nephrotoxicity greatly constrained its clinical value.For this reason,finding novel targeted therapies to attenuate the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin should be pretty significant.Our previous study found that histone deacetylase sirtuin 6(SIRT6)could be an ideal target for the treatment of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.In this study,we explored the protective effects of ellagic acid,a natural polyphenol compound that activates SIRT6,on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.Pre-treatment of ellagic acid attenuated cytotoxicity of cisplatin in primary renal cells and TCMK-1 cells.Moreover,ellagic acid ameliorated renal dysfunction,apoptosis and fibrosis induced by cisplatin in mice.Furthermore,ellagic acid reduced nephrotoxicity-associated inflammatory factor interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 expression both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,ellagic acid reversed cisplatin-reduced SIRT6 expression and diminished cisplatin-induced tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αexpression.And SIRT6 knockdown abrogated the protective effects of ellagic acid on cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis,indicating the renal-protective effects of ellagic acid are mainly dependent on ellagic acid-mediated SIRT6 activation.Our results provide preclinical rationale for using ellagic acid as a feasible and promising agent to ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury,and support ellagic acid as a potential adjunctive therapy for future cancer treatment.

一种井下ICPT供电电路设计和数值分析

ICPT技术,即非接触感应耦合电能传输技术,在需要非接触传输电能和信号传输的石油井下技术装备中,有非常重要的作用。本文设计了一种基于ICPT技术的,供井下非接触电能传输装置使用的电能传输电路模块,实现了井下仪器相对转动的两部分之间的非接触式电能传输;并详细介绍了初级推挽式电流型逆变电路主电路和控制电路的原理和设计方案,提供了电路稳态参数的数值分析方法,对电路的参数设计有很重要的参考作用。

CPT阻力受土层界面效应影响的数值模拟

因为相邻土层性质差异,导致贯入阻力在穿越土层界面时发生明显变化,成层土中的静力触探试验(CPT)会出现超前、滞后效应,使得依据阻力曲线划分土层的精确性降低。为此设置可变参数,并采用PFC^(2D)软件模拟成层土中的CPT贯入试验。通过对比各组试验获得的阻力曲线,分析贯入阻力受土层界面效应影响的主要因素,并根据颗粒位移和力链分布,研究探头穿越土层界面时的锥土作用机理。结果表明,砂土密实度主要影响超前、滞后深度,而内摩擦角决定阻力稳定值,黏聚力对界面效应影响不大;探头在砂土中超前、滞后深度大于在黏土中的。该研究有助于提高依据CPT阻力曲线识别土层的准确性。

CPT评估长航线飞行员警觉度的稳定性研究

为探讨飞行运行环境中使用持续绩效测试(Continuous Performance Test,CPT)监测长航线飞行员警觉度的稳定性,并确定其实时评估警觉度的准确性,进而为新冠肺炎疫情期间国内航空公司开展疲劳风险管理系统(Fatigue Risk Management System,FRMS)建设过程中疲劳数据采集的科学化提供支持,收集了24名在校男大学生与62名长航线飞行员CPT测试数据。通过分析错分与漏分概率、击中反应时与标准差的组内相关系数(Intra-class Correlation Coefficient,ICC)、最小可检测变化(Minimal Detectable Change,CMD)等14个指标探讨CPT在飞行员警觉度评估中的相对信度与绝对信度。研究表明:CPT在监测飞行员警觉度变化方面的相对信度尚需提升,但绝对信度良好,对选择性注意、持续性警觉、阶段性警觉和持续注意力的变化较为敏感,在长航线飞行运行环境中监测飞行员警觉度具有良好的稳定性。

Bioinformatics Identification of ZNFs/LINC00520/miR-181d/BCL2 Axis as a Novel Network in Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Background: Resistance to cisplatin (DDP) leads to poor prognosis in patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and limits its clinical application. It has been confirmed that autophagy promotes chemoresistance and, therefore, novel strategies to reverse chemoresistance by regulating autophagy are desperately needed. Methods: The differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between A549 and A549/DDP cell lines were identified using the limma package in R, after gene expression profiles were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By combining Autophagy-Related Genes (ARGs) from Human Autophagy Database (HADb), the interactions lncRNA-miRNAs and the interactions miRNAs-mRNAs respectively predicted by miRcode and miRDB/Targetscan database, the autophagy-related ceRNA network was constructed. Then, extraction of ceRNA subnetwork and Cox regression analyses were performed. A prognosis-related ceRNA subnetwork was constructed, and the upstream Transcription Factors (TFs) regulating lncRNAs were predicted by the JASPAR database. Finally, the expression patterns of candidate genes were further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments. Results: A total of 3179 DEmRNAs, 180 DEmiRNAs, and 160 DElncRNAs were identified, and 35 DEmRNAs were contained in the HADb. Based on the ceRNA hypothesis, we established a ceRNA network, including 10 autophagy-related DEmRNAs, 9 DEmiRNAs, and 14 DElncRNAs. Then, LINC00520, miR-181d, and BCL2 were identified to construct a risk score model, which was confirmed to be a well-predicting prognostic factor. Furthermore, 5 TF ZNF family members were predicted to regulate LINC00520, whereas the RT-PCR results showed that the 5 ZNFs were consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Finally, a ZNF regulatory LINC00520/miR-181d/BCL2 ceRNA subnetwork was constructed. Conclusions: An ZNFs/LINC00520/miR-181d/BCL2 axis as a novel network in DDP-resistant LUAD has been constructed successfully, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for LUAD.

Deciphering key genes involved in cisplatin resistance in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma through a combined in silico and in vitro approach

The low survival rate of Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma(KIRC)patients is largely attributed to cisplatin resistance.Rather than focusing solely on individual proteins,exploring protein-protein interactions could offer greater insight into drug resistance.To this end,a series of in silico and in vitro experiments were conducted to identify hub genes in the intricate network of cisplatin resistance-related genes in KIRC chemotherapy.The genes involved in cisplatin resistance across KIRC were retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)database using search terms as“Kidney renal clear cell carcinoma”and“Cisplatin resistance”.The genes retrieved were analyzed for hub gene identification using the STRING database and Cytoscape tool.Expression and promoter methylation profiling of the hub genes was done using UALCAN,GEPIA,OncoDB,and HPA databases.Mutational,survival,functional enrichment,immune cell infiltration,and drug prediction analyses of the hub genes were performed using the cBioPortal,GEPIA,GSEA,TIMER,and DrugBank databases.Lastly,expression and methylation levels of the hub genes were validated on two cisplatin-resistant RCC cell lines(786-O and A-498)and a normal renal tubular epithelial cell line(HK-2)using two high throughput techniques,including targeted bisulfite sequencing(bisulfite-seq)and RT-qPCR.A total of 124 genes were identified as being associated with cisplatin resistance in KIRC.Out of these genes,MCL1,IGF1R,CCND1,and PTEN were identified as hub genes and were found to have significant(p<0.05)variations in their mRNA and protein expressions and effects on the overall survival(OS)of the KIRC patients.Moreover,an aberrant promoter methylation pattern was found to be associated with the dysregulation of the hub genes.In addition to this,hub genes were also linked with different cisplatin resistance-causing pathways.Thus,hub genes can be targeted with Alvocidib,Estradiol,Tretinoin,Capsaicin,Dronabinol,Metribolone,Calcitriol,Acetaminophen,Acitretin,Cyclosporine,Azacitidine,Genistein,and Resveratrol drugs.As the pathogenesis of KIRC is complex,targeting hub genes and associated pathways involved in cisplatin resistance could bring a milestone change in the drug discovery and management of drug resistance,which might uplift overall survival among KIRC patients.

Erratum to:ARID1A Inactivation Increases Expression of circ0008399 and Promotes Cisplatin Resistance in Bladder Cancer

The original version of this article was revised due to production error by the vendor.The author“Hua-min DING”is one of the co-authors,and the name should be labeled correctly as appears on PDF.The affiliation of“Yu-jun SHUAI”and“Chao HUANG”is“Department of Urology,Union Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430022,China”,and both of them should be labeled as 1,as correctively appears on PDF.

hucMSC-derived exosomes protect ovarian reserve and restore ovarian function in cisplatin treated mice

Anti-cancer therapy often causes premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility as the ovarian follicle reserve is extremely sensitive to chemotherapy drugs,such as cisplatin.Various fertility preservation methods have been explored for women,especially prepubertal girls undergoing radiotherapy and chemotherapy due to cancer.In recent years,mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes(MSC-exos)have been reported to play an important role in tissue repair and the treatment of various diseases.In the current study,we observed that human umbilical cord-derived MSC-exos(hucMSC-exos)after short-term culture improved follicular survival and development while receiving cisplatin treatment.Moreover,intravenous injection of hucMSC-exos improved ovarian function and ameliorated inflammatory environment within the ovary.The underlying mechanism of hucMSC-exos on fertility preservation was associated with the down-regulation of p53-related apoptosis and their anti-inflammatory function.Based on these findings,we propose that hucMSC-exos may be a potential approach to improve fertility in women diagnosed with cancer.

The Role for AVE0991 (MAS-Receptor Angiotensin II (1-7) Agonist) in Reducing Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury on C57BL/6 Mice

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a condition that causes nephrotoxicity in kidney tissues due to cisplatin-induced cancer treatments. Hence, it is proposed in this review that AVE0991 (a MAS-receptor Angiotensin II (1-7) agonist) may reduce cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by promoting nitric oxide production.

Elevated extracellular calcium ions accelerate the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells and decrease cisplatin sensitivity

Hepatoblastoma is the most frequent liver malignancy in children.HepG2 has been discovered as a hepatoblastoma-derived cell line and tends to form clumps in culture.Intriguingly,we observed that the addition of calcium ions reduced cell clumping and disassociated HepG2 cells.The calcium signal is in connection with a series of processes critical in the tumorigenesis.Here,we demonstrated that extracellular calcium ions induced morphological changes and enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in HepG2 cells.Mechanistically,calcium ions promoted HepG2 proliferation and migration by up-regulating the phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase(FAK),protein kinase B,and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.The inhibitor of FAK or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinaseⅡ(CaMKⅡ)reversed the Ca2+-induced effects on HepG2 cells,including cell proliferation and migration,epithelial-mesenchymal transition protein expression levels,and phosphorylation levels of FAK and protein kinase B.Moreover,calcium ions decreased HepG2 cells'sensitivity to cisplatin.Furthermore,we found that the expression levels of FAK and CaMKⅡwere increased in hepatoblastoma.The group with high expression levels of FAK and CaMKⅡexhibited significantly lower ImmunoScore as well as CD8+T and NK cells.The expression of CaMKⅡwas positively correlated with that of PDCD1 and LAG3.Correspondingly,the expression of FAK was negatively correlated with that of TNFSF9,TNFRSF4,and TNFRSF18.Collectively,extracellular calcium accelerates HepG2 cell proliferation and migration via FAK and CaMKⅡand enhances cisplatin resistance.FAK and CaMKⅡshape immune cell infiltration and responses in tumor microenvironments,thereby serving as potential targets for hepatoblastoma.