Research on cognitive load evaluation with subjective method in manual assembly

Subjective scales have different kinds of applicability in diverse fields.This study intends to implement a quantitative approach to determine the applicability of subjective scales in manual as-sembly work and evaluate the cognitive load of assembly workers.A multi-scale research paradigm based on subjective evaluation method is proposed.Three typical task stages are extracted from the process of assembly work.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index(NASA-TLX)scale,PAAS scale and Workload Profile Index Ratings(WP)scale are selected for the design of 3×3 multi-factor mixed experiment.The power spectrum density(PSD)characteris-tics of electroencephalogram(EEG)are utilized to identify the difficulty levels of the three task sta-ges.The relevant indicators of scale applicability are assessed.The results show that in terms of sensitivity,NASA-TLX scale reaches the highest sensitivity(F=999.137,P=0<0.05).In terms of validity,NASA-TLX scale possesses the best concurrent validity(P=0.0255<0.05).In terms of diagnosticity,NASA-TLX scale based on 6 dimensions takes on the best diagnostic performance.In terms of subject acceptability,WP scale performs the worst.According to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)model,the applicability scores of NASA-TLX scale,PAAS scale and WP scale are determined as 3,2.55 and 1.6714,respectively.Therefore,NASA-TLX scale is regarded as the most suitable subjective evaluation questionnaire for assembly workers,which is also an effective quantitative evaluation method for the cognitive load of assembly workers.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Distributed PV Grid-Connected Based on Combined Weighting Weights and TOPSIS-RSR Method

To effectively quantify the impact of distributed photovoltaic(PV)access on the distribution network,this paper proposes a comprehensive evaluation method of distributed PV grid connection combining subjective and objective combination of assignment and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)—rank sum ratio(RSR)(TOPSIS-RSR)method.Based on the traditional distribution network evaluation system,a comprehensive evaluation system has been constructed.It fully considers the new development requirements of distributed PV access on the environmental friendliness and absorptive capacity of the distribution grid and comprehensively reflects the impact of distributed PV grid connection.The analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was used to determine the subjective weights of the primary indicators,and the Spearman consistency test was combined to determine the weights of the secondary indicators based on three objective assignment methods.The subjective and objective combination weights of each assessment indicator were calculated through the principle of minimum entropy.Calculate the distance between the indicators to be evaluated and the positive and negative ideal solutions,the relative closeness ranking,and qualitative binning by TOPSIS-RSR method to obtain the comprehensive evaluation results of different scenarios.By setting up different PV grid-connected scenarios and utilizing the IEEE33 node simulation algorithm,the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed subject-object combination assignment and integrated assessment method are verified.

Carbon efficiency evaluation method for urban energy system with multiple energy complementary

Urban energy systems(UESs)play a pivotal role in the consumption of clean energy and the promotion of energy cascade utilization.In the context of the construction and operation strategy of UESs with multiple complementary energy resources,a comprehensive assessment of the energy efficiency is of paramount importance.First,a multi-dimensional evaluation system with four primary indexes of energy utilization,environmental protection,system operation,and economic efficiency and 21 secondary indexes is constructed to comprehensively portray the UES.Considering that the evaluation system may contain a large number of indexes and that there is overlapping information among them,an energy efficiency evaluation method based on data processing,dimensionality reduction,integration of combined weights,and gray correlation analysis is proposed.This method can effectively reduce the number of calculations and improve the accuracy of energy efficiency assessments.Third,a demonstration project for a UES in China is presented.The energy efficiency of each scenario is assessed using six operational scenarios.The results show that Scenario 5,in which parks operate independently and investors build shared energy-storage equipment,has the best results and is best suited for green and low-carbon development.The results of the comparative assessment methods show that the proposed method provides a good energy efficiency assessment.This study provides a reference for the optimal planning,construction,and operation of UESs with multiple energy sources.

Subjective evaluation of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls in central district of Chongqing,China

Good indoor environmental quality enhances occupant health,comfort and productivity. In order to know the status of indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls,five large underground shopping malls in five central districts of Chongqing,China,were surveyed. 2 411 questionnaires were distributed,and 98.5% of them were returned. From the results of questionnaire survey,the following conclusions were obtained:(1) in the five underground shopping malls surveyed,only shopping mall D in Nan'an district accords with the ASHRAE standard for good indoor air quality; (2) odors and sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms are widespread in the underground shopping malls. The SBS occurrence rates for women and salespersons are higher than those of men and customers,respectively; (3) in the evaluation of the indoor environment,the indoor air quality dissatisfaction rate is the highest,followed by the thermal environment; and (4) women and salespersons generally have higher rates of dissatisfaction with the indoor environmental quality of underground shopping malls than men and customers,respectively.

Perceptual Quality Assessment of Omnidirectional Images:Subjective Experiment and Objective Model Evaluation

Virtual reality(VR) environment can provide immersive experience to viewers.Under the VR environment, providing a good quality of experience is extremely important.Therefore, in this paper, we present an image quality assessment(IQA) study on omnidirectional images. We first build an omnidirectional IQA(OIQA) database, including 16 source images with their corresponding 320 distorted images. We add four commonly encountered distortions. These distortions are JPEG compression, JPEG2000 compression, Gaussian blur, and Gaussian noise. Then we conduct a subjective quality evaluation study in the VR environment based on the OIQA database. Considering that visual attention is more important in VR environment, head and eye movement data are also tracked and collected during the quality rating experiments. The 16 raw and their corresponding distorted images,subjective quality assessment scores, and the head-orientation data and eye-gaze data together constitute the OIQA database. Based on the OIQA database, we test some state-of-the-art full-reference IQA(FR-IQA) measures on equirectangular format or cubic formatomnidirectional images. The results show that applying FR-IQA metrics on cubic format omnidirectional images could improve their performance. The performance of some FR-IQA metrics combining the saliency weight of three different types are also tested based on our database. Some new phenomena different from traditional IQA are observed.

Value of subjective performance evaluation： A theoretical perspective

To break through the academic research tradition of isolating subjective performance evaluation （SPE） with objective evaluation, and enhance the application and explanation power of analytical research findings, this paper adopts a one-period principal-agent model, and solves programming problems by internalizing validity conditions for SPE as constraints according to revelation principle. We find that both SPE and its objectivization can achieve Pareto improvement for both the principal and the agent. Our findings have a general application beyond bonus contracts; it not only explains the pervasive existence of SPE, but also helps to interpret phenomena of the objectification of SPE.

全球心血管疾病学术影响力评价(CAPE)体系的方法探索

目的:构建全球心血管疾病学术影响力评价(Cardiovascular Academic Performance Evaluation,CAPE)体系,并对全球医疗机构心血管疾病学术影响力进行排名。方法:由心血管疾病领域人员和图书情报人员提取医学主题词表(MeSH)、Embase同义词表、国际疾病分类(ICD)中心血管疾病相关术语,建立心血管术语词表(即阜外词表),设定缺血性心脏病、高血压、血管疾病、心律失常、肺血管疾病、心力衰竭、先天性心脏病、心肌病和瓣膜性心脏病等9个亚学科,实现亚学科分类、心血管术语词、入口词的映射。检索Web of Science、PubMed、Scopus数据库2016年1月1日至2022年12月31日的心血管领域论文,并对元数据进行去重融合;应用阜外词表对论文中主题词、题目、关键词、摘要等4个位置的内容进行检索匹配,生成论文“位置-心血管术语词-频次”的信息表,计算每一篇论文心血管学科相关度积分及亚学科积分。对论文的机构名、学者名进行规范化清洗,基于心血管强相关(相关度积分≥4分)原创性论文开展全球心血管疾病领域学术影响力的评价。针对全国医疗机构(心血管)的科技评价,还采集了国家自然科学基金项目、授权发明专利、获奖成果、科研平台、注册试验[国家药品监督管理局药品审评中心(CDE)药物临床试验登记数据]等数据。结果:检索到全球2016~2022年心血管领域论文1545103篇,剔除摘要、书籍、传记、新闻、视频、音频、撤稿、更正声明后为1178019篇,使用阜外词表标引“心血管强相关”论文518058篇。还采集到11143项心血管相关国家自然科学基金项目、19382项心血管相关有效授权发明专利、103项心血管相关国家级获奖成果、24个心血管相关国家科研平台、2084项CDE心血管相关药物临床试验登记等数据。经组织心血管疾病及其亚学科专家团队针对各自亚学科论文进行核对和验证,改进学科分类规则,最终锁定11项指标构建了心血管疾病和9个亚学科领域的综合评价指标体系。2016~2022年,中国发表心血管疾病研究论文数量增幅为123.5%,共发表约7.68万篇,平均每天约30篇,仅次于美国(约11.41万篇),居世界第二位。但中国期刊引证报告(JCR)分区和中国科学院分区论文占比仅居世界第八位。在2020~2022年全球医疗机构心血管原创研究论文影响力综合评估中,仅2家中国医疗机构进入前20名。结论:CAPE项目基于2016~2022年多源数据基础,首次探索建立了心血管领域机构学术影响力综合评价指标体系。

不同成像参数下CBCT的成像质量分析

目的:主观评价和客观评估不同成像参数下CBCT的图像质量,分析图像质量的主观评价和客观评价间的关系。方法:分别采用6台不同品牌CBCT扫描仪〔3D Accuitomo(Morita)、i-CAT(Kavo)、5G(NewTom)、Smart3D(北京朗视)、DCT Pro(Vatech)、VGi(NewTom)〕,在各个品牌的典型曝光条件下(电压和电流强度不同)扫描空间分辨率模体和高仿真头模,7位医师对拍摄的CBCT图像进行主观评价打分,比较不同CBCT扫描仪的空间分辨率和对常见口腔解剖结构的可见性。客观评价指标采用各仪器所获的图像空间分辩率(LP/mm)。结果:7位医师的组内一致性和组间一致性均无显著性差异。主观评价New Tom 5G为2分,i-CAT为5分,其余4个品牌匀为4分,客观评价i-CAT的LP/mm为1.8,Smart3D为2.0,其余4个品牌为1.0~1.7。在相同管电流条件下,不同管电压的图像主观质量有显著性差异。在相同管电压条件下,不同管电流的图像主观质量有显著性差异。结论:图像质量的主客观评价具有一定的一致性,不同品牌之间的客观评价差异可能与电压、电流强度不同有关。

新时代教育评价改革多元主体的行动逻辑

随着“构建政府、学校、社会等多元参与的评价体系”这一改革目标的提出,多元主体在新时代教育评价改革中的价值与作用亟需明确。审视教育评价的本质,可以发现:破解“五唯”问题,推进改革不断深入的关键在于打破评价主体的“单主体论”,转向价值主体、评价主体、治理主体的“多主体论”;价值主体、评价主体、治理主体分别以表达价值诉求、履行评价责任、联结主体行动,助推有差异、有动能、有组织的改革落地。然而,当前教育评价改革中多元价值主体诉求的虚置性介入、多元评价主体知能的无力性介入和多元治理主体组织的缺位性介入,致使改革陷入同质、空泛、低效的困境。对此,可以通过权利下沉、教育赋能、秩序重组,来推动教育评价改革不断深入。文章对新时代教育评价改革多元主体行动逻辑的阐释,可以为构建多元主体参与的教育评价体系提供理论参考。

学生增值评价的研究与实践——以基于成果导向的动物外科手术课程为例

学生增值评价注重自身基础,关注学习过程,强调增值发展,有助于增强学习自信心、提升学生职业技能。动物外科手术在增值评价中根据教学成果(即教学目标)设计评价维度,实现多元主体,采用多元评价方法,制定增值评价标准并运用,从而实现人才培养目标。通过学生增值性评价的研究与实践,希望对学生综合评价的实施产生重要参考价值,并在今后的研究中不断改进完善。

基于模糊贝叶斯网络的引水隧洞安全评价模型分析

为准确预测黄河引水隧洞安全隐患,提出基于模糊集理论和主观贝叶斯方法的模糊贝叶斯安全评价模型。结合实际巡检数据,模型使用贝叶斯网络处理模糊信息与不确定信息,将巡检数据中给出的多态性故障事件模糊化;再通过贝叶斯网络的条件概率表找出不同故障事件之间的逻辑关系;最后获得对引水隧洞安全模型的整体评价。通过开展引水隧洞安全评价模型实例分析,验证了该方法的可行性。

“又X又Y”与“又是X又是Y”

本文基于400条随机抽取的语料,对“又X又Y”与“又是X又是Y”进行全面描写,揭示了二者的联系与区别。研究发现,虽然有相当一部分“又X又Y”带有言者的主观评价性,但其客观描述性用法更为基本,而“又是X又是Y”在客观呈现基础上所增加的主观评价义却是其突出特征。进入两个结构的词类,特别是形容词语义小类存在显著差异,二者在句法分布以及语篇分布上也有不同。“又是X又是Y”作为一种同形异构的语法序列,有相当一部分用例不能根据句法规则从“又X又Y”推导出来,已经成为一个形式—意义配对,有必要将它作为一个独立构式。

党内法规实施后评估制度的地方实践探索与思考

党内法规实施后评估是党内法规制度建设的一项重要内容,就目前而言,如何科学有效地开展评估工作仍处于研究探索阶段。党的十八大以来,在党中央的推动下,部分省市以立法后评估理论和制度为参考,进行了党内法规实施后评估的实践活动,开展了党内法规实施后评估制度的实践探索,涉及评估主体、评估标准、评估成果应用等方面的具体要素,相关评估实践取得了有益成果。高质量发展是新时代党内法规制度建设的鲜明主题,党内法规实施后评估需要紧紧围绕服务于高质量发展这一核心要旨,在准确把握党内法规实施后评估自身特性的基础上,从充实完善评估主体结构、优化调整评估标准体系、健全完善评估结果应用机制等方面改进与完善评估制度,提高党内法规实施后评估效能。

“下交群评”:迈向人民主体性的基层治理——以北京市平谷区接诉即办改革为例

以人民为中心的发展思想日益成为主导基层治理的逻辑,在北京市接诉即办工作不断深化改革的基础上,以北京市平谷区“下交群评”工作为例,探索党建引领多元主体参与社会治理的机制,并重点关注如何引导群众成为基层治理的主体。研究发现,“下交群评”通过治理主体的组织嵌入化、治理单元的熟人社会化、治理规则的崇公抑私化、治理机制的交互整体化形塑了新时代“三治融合”的实践机制,为系统治理和源头治理提供了重要保障;从接诉即办的倒逼式治理到主动性治理,再到自主性治理,人民群众真正成为治理问题的发起者、治理过程的参与者、治理成效的获得者、治理情况的监督者。这是全过程人民民主的生动实践,体现了基层正在从被动的市民诉求驱动迈向人民主体性的治理。

典型场景彩色夜视融合图像质量主观评价实验

评价特定场景下红外和可见光(微光)彩色融合图像质量的研究对彩色夜视融合技术和嵌入式系统开发具有重要作用。由于主观评价实验能够得到与人眼感受一致的评价结果因而成为研究的热点。因此,该文针对海天、森林、城镇、乡村和特殊条件五个典型应用场景,提出基于动态参考的多刺激比较主观评价法,开展了大规模典型场景彩色融合图像主观评价实验,建立了包含1648幅彩色融合图像的质量主观评价数据库;此外,提出基于评价实验特性的模糊综合评判方法用于分析不同融合算法的场景适用性。实验数据一致性分析中,该主观评价法具有较高的皮尔逊相关系数,表明本文构建的数据集具有良好的有效性与可靠性。该文结果可为进一步开展夜视融合图像质量评价研究提供实验基础和理论依据。

聚吡咯导电材料制备及性能评价综合实验设计

基于学科交叉的综合实验设计,是满足工程教育认证标准和新工科建设要求的必要环节。将电化学和能源材料化学实验进行整合,面向能源化工方向本科生设计了涵盖聚吡咯的制备、分子结构分析和热稳定性表征、储能性能评价及影响因素解析的综合性专业实验。实验设计充分体现了能源材料开发和利用专业特色,同时有效地将科学研究与本科实验教学相结合,提升学生的综合素质和科研创新能力,激发学生探索前沿知识的兴趣,从而实现应用型人才的培养目标。

所言真实和所评真实——以“说真的”和“真的”的差别为例

具有“叙实性”的语言成分作为一种预设触发语,其本质是说话人对话语真实性的主观鉴定:既可以通过某种行为进行鉴定,也可以通过言说或评判进行鉴定。“说真的”和“真的”虽然都是具有叙实性的话语标记,都具有主观性,但由于一方面二者分别表现“主体的客观性”和“主体的主观性”,另一方面“说真的”具有内部和外部双重视角,“真的”只具有外部视角,这就使得它们对真实性的鉴定方式并不相同:“说真的”是“所言真实”,“真的”是“所评真实”。

个体高质量发展视域下高校课堂教学评价的目标指向、实践反思与改进路径

促进个体高质量发展是高等教育高质量发展的支撑点和落脚点,也是建设高等教育强国战略的支撑点和落脚点。个体高质量发展体现为主体性、社会性和现代性的全面综合发展。指向个体高质量发展的高校课堂教学评价,应关照课堂教学中个体的多维诉求,聚焦真实丰富的群体交往,着眼社会发展需要的核心素养。针对当前教育评价中存在的问题,应着力推动七个转变,即评价目的由管理向促进转变,评价主体由分化向协同转变,评价标准由静态还原向动态生成转变,评价过程由预成性向发展性转变,评价方式由偏重量化向定性定量融合转变,评价技术由经验性向智能化转变,评价结果由证明向服务转变。

基于主客观评价的社区生活圈公共服务设施优化策略研究——以南宁市中心城区为例

社区生活圈已成为当前“以人为本”理念下城市更新实施和评价的重要工具。然而传统的社区生活圈规划主要基于公共服务设施覆盖率和可达性等空间绩效评价方法,较少关注居民的实际生活体验和需求。以广西壮族自治区南宁市中心城区为例,通过社区居民满意度调查,根据客观评价(设施服务水平)和主观评价(居民满意度)之间的相关性程度,将公共服务设施分为强相关、中等相关、弱相关和不相关4种类型;进而根据各类设施的相关性特征及潜在影响因素,结合典型社区生活圈实地调研,提出社区生活圈公共服务设施的分类优化策略,以期为全国其他城市提供可借鉴的经验。

结果第一重要?高校学科评估价值取向的深层反思——兼论学科评估的模式创新

高校学科评估对促进高校学科建设具有不可替代的作用。高校及学科团队等建设主体对现行学科评估持有的“结果第一重要”价值取向,导致学科发展出现生态失衡和同质化等负面效应。产生问题的表层原因是建设主体站在了功利目的一边,深层原因是数数和排名等计量操作模式所致。认清学科评估不存在固定标准和绝对结果的本质特征,揭示学科评估的主要职能在于促进高校学科生态系统和成果发现机制的建设。提出构建以发挥建设主体自组织功能为主的新型评估模式的设想,真正实现“以评促建”的评估目的。