Enhancing the Salt Tolerance Potential of Watermelon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i>) by Exogenous Application of Salicylic Acid

Salicylic acid (SA) is a vital plant growth regulator providing promising role in plant development and adopts defense mechanism to abiotic stresses. Salinity is the most limiting abiotic factor for plant development and growth changes in watermelon by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism involved in salt stress alleviation in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thanb. Mavs.) through the foliar application of salicylic acid. Watermelon cv. Charleston Gray was grown under moderate saline regime of 3 ds·m-1 NaCl and sprayed with salicylic acid with four level (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mmol/L) compared along with control. SA @ 5.0 mmol/L was found to be very effective in mitigation of salt stress. SA was found to be very effective in alleviation of salinity stress by produced antioxidants and acted as osmo-regulator.

Nutritive Values and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Citrullus lanatus</i>Fruit Extract

Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) is a fruit cultivated and consumed in Africa for its essential nutrients which are very beneficial to the human body. The present study was designed to evaluate the nutritive contents, free radical scavenging activities and phytochemical components of C. lanatus fruit. The extract of the fruit was subjected to in vitro antioxidant assessment using 1,1-di-phenylpicryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assays. The proximate and phytochemical analyses were conducted using standard procedures. The results of this study showed that C. lanatus fruit had very high moisture content and its crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre and ash content were all in traceable amounts. The sugar content was considerably high in comparison with other nutritive contents. Lycopene and β-carotene contents of C. lanatus fruit were estimated to be 4537.83 and 308.71 μg/100g respectively. The gross energy evaluation showed a value of 0.335 Kcal/g. The fruit extract exhibited significant (p 50 of 0.10 mg/ml) and hydrogen peroxide radicals scavenging activity (IC50 of 0.62 mg/ml) in comparison with the positive control butylated hydroxytoluene (BTH). This study therefore recommends that C. lanatus fruit could be an excellent source of antioxidants which may prevent diseases whose pathogenesis involves oxidative stress.

Characterization of Water Melon (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i>) Genotypes under High Salinity Regime

For horticultural crops and especially for vegetables, salinity is dilemma. It is the most limiting factor for plant growth and development by producing reactive oxygen species and ultimately oxidative stress. In the present study, the screening of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thanb. Mavs.) Cultivars was observed for salt tolerance. Four salinity levels (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 dS·m-1 NaCl) and six cultivars (Crimson, Charleston Gray, Anarkali, Chairman, Sugar Baby and Champion) tested for screening. It was observed that all morphological attributes and ionic contents were severely affected. But it was revealed by statistical analysis that Charleston Gray was affected least while Champion was most salt sensitive cultivar due to oxidative stress and ionic toxicity. It is concluded that different genotypes under consideration vary in their ability to tolerate salt stress.

Lycopen’s Stability in Watermelon Juice (<i>Citrullus lanatus</i>) Regarding to Technological Routes

Highly prized by consumers, watermelon is rich in water, but also in micronutrients including lycopene, pigment responsible for the red color. It is also a powerful antioxidant which has many virtues including the prevention and treatment of certain diseases. The transformation into nectar of watermelons combined with treatment could cause several modifications including the alteration of coloring. It is in this context that this study focuses on the variation of the lycopene content in nectars. Thus, nectars of 12°Brix and 15°Brix were prepared from three varieties of watermelon (Sugar Baby, Crimson Sweet and Charleston Gray). To study the stability, two pasteurization scales (85°C/15min and 95°C/15min) and one sterilization scale (105°C/15min) were applied to the different nectars produced. The results obtained showed that the Sugar Baby variety is richer in lycopene (24.39 mg·kg-1) with a higher pH (5.80). In addition, the study showed, for the Sugar Baby variety, an increase of lycopene with the addition of sugar and the heat treatment (a maximum of 42.83 mg·kg-1 for SbF12T105). On the other hand, for the Crimson Sweet and Charleston varieties, the highest rate of lycopene, except the heat-treated ones, are those formulated at 12°B (10.46 mg·kg-1 for CrF12T105 and 18.40 mg·kg-1 for ChF12T105). Without any health consequences, the formulation combined with heat treatment would preserve the lycopene content of watermelon nectars.

Hepatoprotection: A Hallmark of <i>Citrullus colocynthis</i>L. against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Rats

Objective: To demonstrate the in-vivo hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (Linn.) against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Animal Model: Swiss Albino rats of either sex were used, divided into six groups with six in each group. Group 1-Normal control: The animals were maintained under normal control, which were given distilled water only. Group 2-Induction of hepatotoxicity: The animals received paracetamol 500 mg/kg b.w. (p.o) every 72 h for 10 Days. Groups 3 to 5: Animals received ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. at 50, 100 & 200 mg/kg bw/day for 7 days (p.o). Group 6: The animals were treated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg p.o) which served as standard. Groups 3 to 6 were intoxicated with paracetamol (500 mg/kg bw) 1 h before the administration of extract or Silymarin for 10 days. Histopathological findings, different hepatic biochemical parameters viz. AST, ALT, ALP, Total bilirubin, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, & the body weight before & after treatment were evaluated to investigate the hepatoprotective activity. Results: Paracetamol induced a significant rise in AST, ALT, ALP, Total Bilirubin, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides. Administration of 200 mg/kg bw of ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. effectively reduced these pathological damages caused by paracetamol intoxication. In addition to serum parameters treatment of 200 mg/kg bw of ethanolic extract of Citrulus colocynthis L. also promotes the body weight in albino rats as shown in Figure 6 respectively. Histopathological changes of the liver samples were compared with the normal control as shown in Figures 2-5 respectively. Conclusion: From our results we may infer that the mode of action of 90% ethanolic extract of Citrullus colocynthis L. (200 mg/kg bw) in affording the in-vivo hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol may be due to the cell membrane stabilization, hepatic cell regeneration & normalizing the serum parameters.

西瓜ClPP2C3克隆及表达分析

【目的】蛋白磷酸酶2C(protein phosphatase 2C,PP2C)是动植物中均存在的一类蛋白磷酸酶,拟探究其在西瓜果实成熟过程中发挥的重要作用。【方法】通过逆转录PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)从栽培类型西瓜‘97103’中克隆ClPP2C3,并对其进行生物信息学、表达模式和亚细胞定位分析。【结果】西瓜ClPP2C3的cDNA序列长度为1317 bp,编码438个氨基酸,其分子量大小为47.81 kD,蛋白质等电点为5.12。ClPP2C3包含1个PP2C保守结构域,与负调控果实成熟的番茄SlPP2C3、草莓FaABI1具有较高的同源性。西瓜ClPP2C3在细胞核表达。ClPP2C3在含糖量高的栽培品种中表达量显著高于含糖量低的野生品种。栽培品种ClPP2C3的2kb片段长度启动子活性显著高于野生品种,而1kb片段长度启动子活性之间无显著差异。【结论】由1-2kb区间SNP导致的启动子活性差异对不同含糖量品种ClPP2C3表达量存在影响。

Synergistic Hepatoprotective Effect of Feronia fimonia L,, Citrullus colocynthis L,, and Tribulus terrestris L, against Paracetamol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Swiss Albino Rats

Paracetamol toxicity induced a significant rise in AST （aspartate transaminase）, ALT （alanine transaminase）, ALP （alkhaline phisphatase）, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, Triglycerides. Administration of 150 mg/kg b.w of synergistic ethanolic extracts of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L., and Tribulus terrestris L. effectively reduced these pathological damages caused by paracetamol intoxication. In addition to serum parameters treatment of 150 rng/kg b.w of synergistic ethanolic extract of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L. and Tribulus terrestris L. also promote the body weight in albino rats. Histopathological changes of the liver samples were compared with the normal control. From our results, we may infer that the mode of action of synergistic 90% ethanolic extracts of Feronia limonia L., Citrullus colocynthis L., and Tribulus terrestris L. （150 mg/kg b.w） in affording the in vivo hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol may be due to the cell membrane stabilization, hepatic cell regeneration and activation of antioxidative enzymes such as glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase.

西瓜果实性状QTL定位及其遗传效应分析

用可溶性固形物含量高、薄皮、感枯萎病的栽培西瓜自交系（Ｃｉｔｒｕｌｌｕｓ ｌａｎａｔｕｓ ｖａｒ．ｌａｎａｔｕｓ） ９７１０３和可溶性固形物含量低、皮厚、抗病的野生西瓜种质（Ｃｉｔｒｕｌｌｕｓ ｌａｎａｔｕｓ ｖａｒ． ｃｉｔｒｏｉｄｅｓ） ＰＩ２９６３４１杂交所得Ｆ２的１１８个单株为作图群体，通过构建分子连锁图谱，对西瓜主要果实性状可 溶性固形物含量、果皮硬度、果皮厚度、单果重、种子千粒重进行区间作图，定位了影响可溶性固 形物含量的４个ＱＴＬ、影响果皮硬度的５个ＱＴＬ、影响果皮厚度的２个ＱＴＬ、影响单果重的３个 ＱＴＬ、影响种子千粒重的６个ＱＴＬ。此外，估算了每个ＱＴＬ的贡献率、加性效应与显性效应。为开 展西瓜果实性状改良分子标记辅助选择提供了理论基础。

西瓜枯萎病生理小种1抗性QTL精细定位与InDel标记开发

【目的】通过QTL初定位检测栽培西瓜枯萎病生理小种1抗性的主效QTL,验证枯萎病抗性基因Fon-1的存在,结合亲本重测序信息开发紧密连锁易于检测的InDe1(insertion/deletion)分子标记,为西瓜枯萎病分子标记辅助育种提供技术支撑,并实现该QTL的精细定位,加速Fon-1的克隆和功能验证进程。【方法】以高抗枯萎病的栽培西瓜‘ZXG01478'和高感病的栽培西瓜‘14CB11'为亲本构建的F_2群体为试验材料,利用WinQTL cartographer 2.5软件基于复合区间作图法对枯萎病生理小种1抗性进行QTL定位。依据两个亲本材料进行高通量的重测序,并利用重测序信息,获取位于QTL置信区间的InDe1信息,利用自编的Per1程序提取参考基因组中插入缺失相应位置前后500 bp的序列,并利用Primer 5.0软件设计对应的InDe1引物对,开发InDe1标记。利用开发的InDe1标记进行精细定位(根据基因型鉴定结果找到群体中的交换单株,逐步缩小QTL区间)、图谱(利用JoinMap 4.0计算标记的连锁关系)和QTL的重新分析。并利用具有广泛代表性的130份不同抗性的西瓜种质资源的基因型和表型鉴定结果进行验证分析。【结果】F_2群体的病株率频率分布呈现明显的双峰分布且抗病和感病两种类型的株系分离比基本符合3:1的分离比(χ~2=0.52,P=0.47),表明西瓜枯萎病生理小种1抗性主要受一个主效QTL控制。F_2群体的QTL初定位在LG1鉴定到一个枯萎病抗性相关的主效QTL(fon1),其LOD峰值为26.05,解释80.18%的表型变异,置信区间对应的物理位置为1号染色体的193 333-2 775 577 bp。通过两个亲本重测序在QTL置信区间发现19个插入缺失片段大于20 bp的InDe1s,经引物设计与亲本筛选,获得理想引物12对,根据位于端点位置的插入缺失选取了6对InDe1引物利用F_2群体进行验证。初步的精细定位利用群体中的5个交换单株将QTL的置信区间锁定到InDe12_fon1的上游区域,连锁和QTL的重新分析结果显示新开发的一个分子标记InDe11_fon1出现在该QTL的峰值,LOD值为31.65,解释91.46%的表型变异。新开发的分子标记InDe11_fon1与已应用于枯萎病抗性研究的CAPS标记7716_fon在130份不同抗性的西瓜种质资源中的基因型鉴定结果完全一致,且基因型鉴定结果与田间抗病表型性状的符合率达70.8%。利用QTL峰值附近的SNP和InDe1标记与群体中的9个交换单株最终将fon1精细定位至246 kb的物理区间。【结论】主效QTL(fon1)验证了1号染色体上Fon-1的存在,并实现了精细定位。新开发的标记InDe11_fon1与Fon-1紧密连锁,且检测简单,成本低廉,能够更好的用于栽培西瓜枯萎病的分子标记辅助育种。

西瓜ClWRKY54基因的克隆、亚细胞定位及表达分析

WRKY转录因子是植物中所特有的一类转录因子,以基因家族形式存在,并在植物的生长发育和逆境响应等过程中发挥重要的作用。采用RT-PCR的方法从西瓜中分离得到一条西瓜CIRKY54基因。序列分析表明,该基因开放阅读框全长1 428 bp,编码475个氨基酸。其编码蛋白分子量约为51.82 KD,等电点为6.17。该基因蛋白序列中包含2个WRKY保守结构域,锌指结构为C2H2型,属于典型的1类WRKY基因。进化树分析显示,该基因蛋白序列同葫芦科作物中的甜瓜、黄瓜、西葫芦等的WRKY26具有较高的同源性,处于同一分支上。亚细胞定位分析显示,该基因编码蛋白定位于细胞核中。对该基因进行荧光定量PCR分析研究其表达特性,结果显示该基因在西瓜根、茎、叶中均有表达,但是在叶片中表达量最高;H2O2可以诱导该基因的表达,而乙烯处理可以抑制该基因的表达,这说明该基因可能参与逆境下H2O2和乙烯所介导的信号途径。在模拟干旱下,该基因表达无变化,说明该基因同干旱胁迫抗性不相关。本研究的结果将为进一步的解析ClWRKY54的功能奠定基础。

西瓜CBL家族基因的鉴定与特征分析

CBL基因在植物逆境应答过程中具有重要作用,但在西瓜作物的抗逆育种研究中鲜有相关报道。该研究利用生物信息学的分析方法从已发表的西瓜全基因组中鉴定出7个CBL基因(ClaCBL1~ClaCBL7),并分析了它们在全基因组范围内的分布情况、分子结构特征、顺式元件以及系统进化等基本特征,为进一步研究西瓜CBL基因的功能提供参考。结果表明:西瓜CBL基因在全基因组中的分布是不均匀的,其中仅ClaCBL4基因有9个外显子,其余基因均为8个外显子,编码区序列大小在639~738bp。在进化上西瓜CBL基因分为3个不同的类群;它们编码区域内的氨基酸序列均含有能与CIPK互作的FSPF高保守性位点及能与钙离子结合的3个EF-hand结构;除了ClaCBL1预测定位在胞外基质中,其余的ClaCBL定位在细胞内的不同部位;在西瓜CBL基因启动子上游的序列中存在多个应答不同逆境和植物激素的顺式元件,而且CBL家族不同成员基因含有的顺式元件的种类和数目各不相同。上述分析显示,西瓜CBL可能参与多种生物学过程,而且不同成员存在功能上的分化。

Suboptimal Temperature Acclimation Enhances Chilling Tolerance by Improving Photosynthetic Adaptability and Osmoregulation Ability in Watermelon

The temperature drop of plants from the optimal requirements can increase tolerance to severe chilling stress. Photosynthesis and osmoregulators were analyzed during chilling stress to explore the adaptation mechanisms that underlie the induction of chilling tolerance in response to suboptimal temperature. The relationships of these processes to suboptimal temperature acclimation in watermelon were then determined.Suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants demonstrated tolerance during chilling stress, as indicated by the decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation compared with those non-acclimated watermelon plants. Chilling-induced photoinhibition and reduction in CO2 assimilation rate were alleviated after suboptimal temperature acclimation. The xanthophyll cycle level was enhanced by improving thermal dissipation ability and avoiding light damage. Consequently, the chilling tolerance of suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants was enhanced. The osmoregulation ability induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation protected watermelon plants against chilling injury because of the accumulation of small molecular substances, such as soluble sugar and proline. The protein levels of Rubisco activase(ClRCA) and the gene expression of the Benson–Calvin cycle simultaneously increased in suboptimal temperature-acclimated watermelon plants during chilling stress. Chilling tolerance in watermelon plants induced by suboptimal temperature acclimation is associated with enhanced photosynthetic adaptability and osmoregulation ability.

A Reliable Methodology for Quantitative Extraction of Fruit and Vegetable Physiological Amino Acids and Their Subsequent Analysis with Commonly Available HPLC Systems

Many of the extraction and amino acid analysis methodologies currently employed do not provide complete analysis of all the physiological amino acids and biogenic amines. Extraction procedures frequently employ dilute acid which partially converts gln and asn to glu and asp. A commonly used pre-column derivatizing agent, o-phthalaldehyde, does not react with the imino acids, pro and hydroxypro. The purpose of this investigation was to integrate extraction and analysis procedures into a reliable method for measuring the complete physiological amino acid profiles of fruit and vegetables using HPLC instrumentation commonly available to most laboratories. Water extraction of ground, frozen-thawed tissues effected complete recovery of the physiological amino acids as demonstrated by spiking experiments and tissue combination experiments. HPLC of dabsyl derivatives of the free amino acids allowed their quantification in a selection of fruit and vegetables. Physiological amino acid levels were determined for peach, apple, potato, onion, tomato, bell pepper, broccoli, and seven types of cucurbits. The coefficient of variation for estimation of an amino acid level generally fell in the range of 5% to 7%. Because of marked variability in physiological amino acid content as a result of growing conditions, cultural practices, and inherent cultivar differences, comparisons of results with literature values were not possible.

Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method.The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI)ions from aqueous solution has been investigated.Three biochars,Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA,were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50%sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_(2) or Triethylenetetramine(TETA)to give Melon-BO-TETA.The prepared biochars were characterized by BET,BJH,SEM,FT-IR,TGA,DSC and EDAX analyses.The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI)ions was 69%for Melon-B,98%for Melon-BO-NH_(2) and 99%for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L^(−1) Cr(VI)ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L^(−1) adsorbents dose.The unmodified biochar(Melon-B)and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA)had maximum adsorption capacities(Q_(m))of 72.46,123.46,and 333.33 mg·g^(−1),respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar,whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations.The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA,respectively.The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model.Conclusively,the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process.The adsorption for the Melon-B,Melon-BO-NH_(2) and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.

Silicon Deposition in Leaf Trichomes of Cucurbitaceae Horticultural Plants: A Short Report

Silicon deposition in leaf trichome of six horticultural Cucurbitaceae species, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida) was observed by an X-ray microanalyzer coupled with an environmental scanning electron microscope. The elements that presented in the surface of three or four leaves of the individual species were detected and mapped by the X-ray microanalyzer. In leaves of cucumber, pumpkin, and melon, high accumulation of silicon was detected in cells surrounding the bases of the trichome hair and the hair itself deposited calcium. On the other hand, in sponge gourd and bottle gourd, high accumulation of silicon was detected only in the hair. In watermelon leaves, silicon deposited both in the hair and in cells surrounding the bases of the hair. Thus, horticultural Cucurbitaceae plants have interspecific variation in the pattern of silicon deposition in leaf trichomes.

Effect of Various Soil Media on Disease Severity of <i>Fusarium</i>Wilt in Watermelon

Fusarium wilt is a major disease of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). Use of host resistance is the most effective management strategy for the disease, and a major objective for breeding programs. Screening assays rely on the ability to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes in segregating populations. However, complex interactions between Fon and the soil environment can influence symptom development and disease severity rating. In the current study, severity of Fusarium wilt (race 1) in sand-peat (1:1 v/v), sand-perlite (1:1), sand-peat-vermiculite (4:1:1), peat-perlite (1:1) and Fafard 3B potting media was compared among five watermelon cultivars: Calhoun Gray (resistant), SunSugar (resistant), Allsweet (moderately resistant), Sugar Baby (susceptible) and Charleston Gray (susceptible). Plant biomass (average dry weight/plant) was lowest in peat-perlite (1.67 g) and sand-peat (2.16 g), and was significantly different (α = 0.05) from that of sand-perlite (3.48 g), sand-peat-vermiculite (4.94 g) and Fafard 3B (6.90 g). Conversely, disease severity [area under disease progress curve (AUDPC)] across cultivars was significantly higher in peat-perlite (AUDPC = 62.96) and sand-peat (AUDPC = 40.87), than in sand-perlite (AUDPC = 11.55), sand-peat-vermiculite (AUDPC = 10.67) and Fafard 3B (AUDPC = 9.29). Consistent discrimination (α = 0.05) of resistant and susceptible cultivars was realized in sand-peat-vermiculite and Fafard 3B, but was not possible in peat-perlite, sand-peat and sand-perlite. Collectively, these findings support suitability of sand-peat-vermiculite and Fafard 3B for routine screening of Fusarium wilt resistance in watermelon.

凉州区设施西瓜周年长季节栽培管理技术

随着设施农业的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高,越来越多的消费者对于新鲜、高档、绿色水果的需求量不断上升。为了进一步提高西瓜的品质,为设施西瓜种植产业的健康发展提供指导和依据,以武威市凉州区设施西瓜种植为例,从秧苗定植、覆盖地膜、枝蔓管理、授粉管理、病虫害防控到设施环境调控、采收与茬口安排等方面,详细介绍了设施西瓜周年长季节栽培管理农艺措施,以为设施西瓜种植户提供借鉴。

噻虫胺种子处理对西瓜生长发育的影响及其残留分析

为明确新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫胺种子处理对西瓜生长发育和品质的影响,以及在西瓜中的残留状况,本研究以10%噻虫胺种子处理悬浮剂为供试药剂,采用拌种试验,开展噻虫胺对西瓜生长发育的影响及残留分析研究。结果表明,噻虫胺有效成分用量100~250 g/100 kg范围内,对西瓜出苗安全;噻虫胺拌种处理对西瓜苗期的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量和叶面积有一定的促进作用,随着西瓜的生长促进作用减弱,西瓜出苗后30 d,各处理间差异不显著;噻虫胺各处理西瓜产量均高于空白对照,对西瓜有一定的增产作用;噻虫胺拌种可不同程度地提高西瓜果实中可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量,提升西瓜的品质;随着西瓜生长发育,叶片内噻虫胺含量逐渐降低,出苗后45 d,叶片内未检测到噻虫胺残留;西瓜收获时果实中未检测到噻虫胺残留,西瓜根部土壤中噻虫胺的残留量在0.0412~0.0975 mg/kg之间。综上所述,噻虫胺100~250 g/100 kg用量范围内处理西瓜种子,对西瓜苗期生长有一定促进作用,并可提高产量,改善西瓜的品质,叶片内噻虫胺含量随植株生长逐渐降低,果实中无残留,本研究为噻虫胺种子处理在西瓜生产实践中合理、安全、高效的应用提供技术支撑。

Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Extract from Roots and Leaves of Citrullus lanatus

Objective To study anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of extract from the roots and leaves of Citrullus lanatus and assess their acute toxicity in animals. Methods The mouse model with ear edema induced by xylene and the rat model with paw edema or granuloma by carrageenin or cotton pellet were used for anti-inflammatory effects of the extract. Effects of the extract on analgesia was tested respectively by measuring the latency of mice licking hind foot from hot plates and by counting the times of body twisting in response to acetic acid. The acute toxicity of the extract was determined with the method of Bliss. Results The extract significantly inhibited the ear edema, granuloma hyperplasia, and paw edema. It significantly lifted the pain threshold on mouse hot-plate responses and reduced their writhing times. During the 7 d observation period in its acute toxicity assay, no apparent toxic reaction was shown and all mice survived at a dose of 87 g extract per kg body weight. Conclusion The extract could protecte mice/rates from inflammation and analgesia, and may be safe as an orally administered natural product for humans.

不同耐热型西瓜幼苗对高温胁迫的生理响应

为探究高温胁迫对不同耐热型西瓜自交系的影响,以热敏感型(D27)和耐热型(K53)西瓜幼苗为试验材料,在42℃高温胁迫下持续处理48 h,每12 h取样测定分析幼苗的表型、组织结构、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质等生理指标。结果显示,在高温胁迫后,耐热型K53的叶片厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度和组织紧密度均比热敏感型D27大;D27栅海比的下降幅度大于K53。随着高温胁迫时间的增加,2个自交系的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs)均下降,胞间CO 2浓度(Ci)上升;且D27的变化幅度大于K53。在4个光合色素含量中,高温胁迫下,不同处理时间耐热型均高于热敏感型。2个自交系的超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、过氧化物酶活性(POD)随着高温胁迫时间的增加均先升后降,24 h酶活性最大,且K53的酶活性均显著高于D27。高温胁迫后,2个自交系的相对电导率均升高,K53的相对电导率上升幅度小于D27;D27的丙二醛(MDA)含量降低;K53的MDA含量升高后降低。随着高温胁迫的时间增加,24 h时K53的可溶性蛋白含量和脯氨酸含量(Pro)均显著高于D27。综上所述,耐热型K53较热敏感型D27具有较强的抵抗高温胁迫能力。