籽用西瓜种质资源抗枯萎病离体筛选技术的研究

以籽用西瓜中信1号红籽瓜不定芽为筛选材料,利用镰刀菌酸(Fusariumacid,FA)为胁迫剂,进行红籽瓜抗枯萎病无性系变异体离体筛选技术和红籽瓜种质资源抗病性鉴定的研究。结果表明,红籽瓜体细胞无性系抗性变异体离体筛选的FA适宜浓度为15mg.L-1。初步建立了红籽瓜抗性变异体离体筛选体系,获得了抗FA变异体的再生植株。筛选出红籽瓜种质资源高抗材料2份,中抗材料6份,轻抗材料11份,高感材料17份。

碱性电解水对籽瓜种仁蛋白质提取效果的影响

传统的蛋白提取方法多以碱溶酸沉法为主,由于在提取过程中需要使用强酸或强碱调节pH值,蛋白质的结构与功能会产生不同程度的破坏,并使水体生态环境恶化。为探寻一种新型提取方法,本研究以电解水为提取溶剂,与传统碱溶酸沉法提取籽瓜种仁蛋白的效果进行对比。结果表明:在相同的pH值(pH 9.5)条件下,电解水提取的籽瓜种仁蛋白质(electrolyzed water extracted seed kernel protein,EWP)相比于超纯水提取的籽瓜种仁蛋白质(ultrapure water extracted seed kernel protein,UWP)无论是在提取率还是蛋白质的溶解性、乳化性和起泡性方面都有显著提高(P<0.05)。在必需氨基酸组成方面,EWP中半胱氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸的含量相比于UWP有显著提高(P<0.05)。同时,EWP的二级结构更为有序,其α-螺旋和β-折叠有序结构比例分别为60.2%和2.3%,而β-转角和无规卷曲的无序结构比例则分别为35.8%和1.7%。由此可知,相比于超纯水提取法,碱性电解水提取法不仅可以提高籽瓜种仁蛋白质的提取率,而且对其结构和功能破坏较小,是一种高效、绿色、环保的提取方法。

Silicon Deposition in Leaf Trichomes of Cucurbitaceae Horticultural Plants: A Short Report

Silicon deposition in leaf trichome of six horticultural Cucurbitaceae species, cucumber (Cucumis sativus), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), melon (Cucumis melo), watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) and bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida) was observed by an X-ray microanalyzer coupled with an environmental scanning electron microscope. The elements that presented in the surface of three or four leaves of the individual species were detected and mapped by the X-ray microanalyzer. In leaves of cucumber, pumpkin, and melon, high accumulation of silicon was detected in cells surrounding the bases of the trichome hair and the hair itself deposited calcium. On the other hand, in sponge gourd and bottle gourd, high accumulation of silicon was detected only in the hair. In watermelon leaves, silicon deposited both in the hair and in cells surrounding the bases of the hair. Thus, horticultural Cucurbitaceae plants have interspecific variation in the pattern of silicon deposition in leaf trichomes.