Optimizing Culture System of Ri T-DNA Transformed Roots for Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You

Genetic transformation experiments of the different explants from Citrus grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes were carried out in darkness or in light. The optimizing culture system of Ri T-DNA transformed roots for C. grandis cv. Changshou Shatian You was constructed as follows： After the ventral wounded striations on the single activation cotyledon were inoculated by A. rhizogenes A4 （logarithmic period）, they were cocultured at （25 ±2）℃ in darkness for 25-30 days; some transformed roots were generated from wounded striations of most cotyledons. The genetically transformed ratio is （83 ± 11）%. Axenic Ri T-DNA transformed roots （hairy roots） were harvested after five subcultures. Explants were activated on MT medium. The MS medium was used for subculture of transformed roots. Mass Ri T-DNA transformed roots in which the hormone was produced independently were harvested from this optimizing culture system. White, fresh Ri T-DNA transformed roots were （1.14 ±0.07） cm long, （0.73 ±0.04） mm wide, and the growth direction of transformed roots was negative geotropism.

Study on Infrared Spectra of Citrus grandis Peels from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the infrared （IR） spectra fingerprints for peels of Citrus grandis from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [ Method ] The fingerprint was established by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ FT-IR）, and then were analyzed by Omic software. [ Result ] IR spectra fin- gerprint of C. grand/s were successfully established. There were six common peaks in the characteristic spectra of 12 samples. [ Conclusion] The specific, rapid and stable method can be applied to quality control of C. grandis.

Common mechanism of Citrus Grandis Exocarpium in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer

Objective:"Same treatment for different diseases"is a unique treatment strategy in traditional Chinese medicine.Two kinds of malignant respiratory diseases endanger human health-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)and lung cancer.Citrus Grandis Exocarpium(Huajuhong in Chinese,HJH),a famous herbal,is always applied by Chinese medicine practitioners to dispersion the lung to resolve phlegm based on"syndrome differentiation and treatment"theory.However,the common mechanism for HJH’s treatment of COPD and lung cancer is not clear.Methods:In this study,based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology,the common mechanism of HJH in the treatment of COPD and lung cancer was studied.The active ingredients and related targets of HJH were integrated from TCMSP,BATMAN-TAM,STP,and Pubchem databases.The standard names of these targets were united by Uni Prot database.Targets of COPD and lung cancer were enriched through Gene Cards,NCBI(Gene),Therapeutic Target Database,and Dis Ge NET(v7.0)databases.Then the intersection targets of HJH and diseases were obtained.The STRING network and the Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used to construct PPI network,the DAVID database was used to perform GO and KEGG analysis.Then Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to build"ingredient-target-signal pathway"network.Finally,Auto Dock 1.5.6 software was used to perform molecular docking of key proteins and molecules.Results:Eleven active ingredients in HJH were obtained by searching the database,corresponding to 184 HJH-COPD-lung cancer targets intersection.The results of biological network analysis showed that naringenin,the active component in HJH,could mainly act on target proteins such as AKT1,EGFR.Then through positive regulation of vasoconstriction and other biological processes,naringenin could regulate estrogen signaling pathway,VEGF signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,Erb B signaling pathway,PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play an important role in the treatment of both COPD and lung cancer.Conclusion:Network pharmacology was employed to systematically investigate the active ingredients and targets of HJH in treatment of COPD and lung cancer.And then,the common pharmacodynamic network of HJH for the two malignant respiratory diseases was firstly described.Furthermore,naringenin was proved to strongly bind with AKT1 and EGFR.It may provide the scientific basis for understanding the"Same treatment for different diseases"strategy in traditional Chinese medicine and inspirit subsequent drug discovery for COPD,lung cancer and other malignant lung diseases.

琯溪蜜柚果肉中类胡萝卜素组分的特征解析

琯溪蜜柚(Citrus grandis cv‘Guanximiyou’)因其汁多味甜、色泽丰富等特点,广受消费者欢迎。琯溪蜜柚果肉色素主要为类胡萝卜素,其组分和含量直接影响果实品质。研究蜜柚果肉类胡萝卜素组分特征及其在不同养分管理下的差异,可为通过养分管理提高果实品质提供科学依据。本研究首先利用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS),分析果实汁胞中类胡萝卜素的组分;通过施化肥(CF)和有机肥(OF)处理,比较分析不同养分管理对类胡萝卜素的影响。结果表明,蜜柚汁胞共含23种类胡萝卜素,其中5种属于胡萝卜素、18种属于胡萝卜醇。汁胞中类胡萝卜素以胡萝卜素为主,质量分数为(346.27±69.39)μg/g,占比为98.98%。胡萝卜素中,以番茄红素为主,质量分数为(332.27±75.05)μg/g,占类胡萝卜素比例为95.97%。此外,养分管理显著影响汁胞类胡萝卜素的质量分数。与CF相比,OF处理番茄红素和E/Z-八氢番茄红素的质量分数分别增加了8.40%和16.48%,说明通过养分管理能够调控蜜柚果肉色素,为进一步调控果实品质提供参考依据。

基于转录组测序筛选与柚裂果相关的基因

【目的】柑橘类果实生长季节内出现的裂果现象是一类生理失调病害,然而目前尚未完全揭示柑橘类果实裂果的分子机理。本研究通过对文旦柚抗裂和易裂品种果皮转录组的比较分析,筛选果实抗裂相关基因。【方法】以抗裂品种(‘度新1号文旦柚’)的正常果(此品种无裂果),以及易裂品种(‘度尾文旦柚’)的正常果和裂果为材料,果实均取自两个时期(时期A:2021年8月3日;时期B:2021年8月20日,裂果敏感期)。取果实果顶部位的果皮(以果顶为中心,30 mm半径范围内的果皮)用于转录组测序。【结果】将易裂品种裂果果皮与两品种正常果果皮转录组进行比较分析,在时期A共筛选到1660个差异基因,易裂品种裂果果皮与两品种正常果果皮间相同的差异基因104个;在时期B共筛选到1972个差异基因,易裂品种裂果果皮与两品种正常果果皮间相同的差异基因82个。对易裂品种裂果果皮与两品种正常果果皮间所有差异基因的GO富集分析结果显示:在生物学过程分类中,两个时期均富集到差异基因的主要亚类包括代谢过程、细胞过程、单生物过程、生物调控、刺激响应和信号。对易裂品种裂果果皮与两品种正常果果皮间所有差异基因的代谢通路分析结果显示:两个时期均富集到差异基因的主要代谢途径包括碳代谢、植物MAPK信号途径、植物激素信号转导和内质网蛋白过程,这些代谢途径富集的差异基因也最多。发现了一些与果实抗裂能力相关的重要基因:两品种正常果果皮扩张蛋白-A1基因表达量均显著高于易裂品种裂果果皮,两个时期结果一致;在时期A,两品种正常果果皮类钙调磷酸酶蛋白B亚基基因表达量显著高于易裂品种裂果果皮,但在时期B无显著差异;易裂品种裂果果皮热激转录因子、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶、生长素响应蛋白和脱水响应元件结合蛋白基因表达量显著高于两品种正常果果皮,两个时期结果一致。【结论】与果皮弹性、水分运动、高温和水分亏缺逆境响应相关的基因是调控文旦柚果实抗裂能力的关键基因。

Assessment of the Genetic Diversity of Pummelo Germplasms Using AFLP and SSR Markers

The genetic diversities of 110 pummelo germplasms and 12 of their relatives were analyzed by SSR and AFLP methods. Approximately 99.1% of the 335 SSR loci were polymorphic, and 9.85 alleles per SSR locus were identified. The gene diversity values changed from 0.1939 to 0.9073, and 46 SSR polymorphic bands were scored. 72% of the 343 AFLP loci were polymorphic, and 82 polymorphic loci per AFLP were identified. Heterozygosity changed from 0.21863 to 0.28445, and 44 AFLP polymorphic bands were scored. The UPGMA result showed that 122 pummelo genotypes and their relatives could be divided into eight groups, and the pummelo genotypes composed mainly of Shatian pummelo varieties group, Wendan pummelo vareties group and a huge hybrid pummelo varieties group. The classification result was expected to widen the genetic background of pummelos using various target varieties.