A Tentative Study on the Combination of Site Protection and City Construction of Xi'an

The protection of relic sites helps determine the culture coordinate of a city or a region,and enhances its cultural image and status.Through analyzing the construction features and technical means of various ruins parks in Xi'an including Daming Palace National Heritage Park,Qujiangchi Ruins Park,Hanyao Ruins Park,Dacien Temple Ruins Park,Tang Dynasty City Wall Ruins Park,Emperor Qin Ⅱ Mausoleum Ruins Park and so on,a new model combining the site protection with city construction is presented.By integrating cultural relics preservation,heritage protection with innovation,a series of ruins parks processed with deep cultural connotation are constructed,which not only protects the relics and refreshes the city construction,but also well reflects the essence of traditional Chinese culture unique charm of ancient oriental civilization.The well combination of site protection and city construction improves the cultural image and status of the city,enhances the charm of public cultural space,promotes the development of heritage protection and secures more funds for urban and rural construction.

Protection of Historic and Cultural Heritage in the Urban Renewal of Xi'an City,China

Concept of urban renewal was elaborated,which for the protection of historic and cultural heritage not only provides a favorable opportunity of integrating neighboring environment and improving protection conditions,but also imposes threats such as destroying its historic images and patterns,degrading of survival environment.To properly protect historic and cultural heritage in the unceasing urban renewal,and make it a significant resource and feature of the city but not a barrier of urban development,empirical analysis and theoretical research were adopted to analyze and study current conditions and problems of the protection of historic and cultural heritage in Xi'an City from the dimension of urban renewal concept and present urban renewal of Xi'an.Moreover,through summarizing successful experience of other regions,specific strategies were given to protect historic and cultural heritage of Xi'an City in its urban renewal more scientifically and reasonably.

Evaluation of Urban Village Renovation System in Xi’an City of China Based on Brittleness Analysis

Renovation system of urban villages in Xi'an City was evaluated. Influence factors of urban village renovation were analyzed on the basis of brittleness theory, and an evaluation index system established through multi-level inconsistency decomposing. By incorporating the catastrophe theory with fuzzy mathematical theory, the mathematic model was created, and catastrophe membership function was obtained as well as evaluation results. Policies for the renovation of urban villages and new direction of the renovation were interpreted. The application case proved that catastrophe progression method was objective and effective and it could provide new concepts for the evaluation and adjustment of urban village renovation. Moreover, application of brittleness theory in the research on urban village renovation is of great instruction and reference value for the present urban construction.

Forecasting Public Green Area Per Capita in Xi’an City Based on GM (1, 1)

[Objective] To establish the comprehensive evaluation index system of public green area per capita as a quantitative mean of measuring ecological city and livable city. [Method]The GM (1, 1) forecasting model was set up according to statistics of public green area per capita in Xi’an City during 1996 and 2005, on this basis, the development trend of green area per capita in Xi’an City until 2015 were analyzed in case of no any changing factors or conditions. [Result]Grey forecasting model was established as, (t = 0, 1, …, n); model parameters as a = - 0.031 71, u = 4.139 17. After residual error test and posterior-variance-test, the precision of this model is proved fairly good. [Conclusions]According to this model, public green area per capita in Xi’an City will achieve 7.66 m2 by 2015, which is still far away from the livable city index (16 m2 per capita) and should be paid more attention by the local government, the construction of urban green areas should be further enhanced, more vegetations should be cultivated so as to improve the urban green coverage ratio.

Study on Tourism Decision-making Pattern of European Tourists in China——With European Tourists in Xi’an City as a Study Case

With the inbound tourism market data supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China as the basis, this study through researching the tourism decision-making behaviors of inbound tourists, adopting questionnaire survey among European tourists in Xi'an City, analyzed their tourism decision behaviors and influencing factors, and aimed to propose pertinent suggestions for the expansion of European tourist market for Xi'an City.

ON THE DISCORDANT URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN XI’AN CITY

On giving a description of the urban development in Xi'an City proper in recent years, this paper has made a comparison between Xi'an and some other cities in China about the achievements of the urban development. Compared with those other cities, Xi'an falls much behind, though its urban development in recent years has been fast and successful. An analysis to the urban development of Xi'an City has been made to reveal the discordance between the growths of economy and population and the constructions of urban infrastructure, municipal facilities and public services in recent years. The analysis has also unveiled that some urban problems, such as crowded traffic, tight housing, inconvenient living conditions, serious environmental pollution and so on, are not eased or even aggravated by the discordant developments. The causes of the discordant development have been probed into and some “software” suggestions helping to solve those problems have been put forward in the end of the paper.

Investigation of Vegetation Resources on City Wall of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City and Ecological Evaluation of the City Wall

Phyto-groups on 5 remained city wall sections of the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing City was investigated through on-the-spot survey,99 species of 93 genera,60 families were found,and species of Asteraceae and Poaceae accounted for the largest ratio.Plants on the city wall are characterized by strong drought resistance and precocity,their seeds can grow out of the wall cracks,and roots secrete acidoid and obtain nutrients from wall bricks.Plants on different wall sections are different,and human interventions influence phyto-groups on the city wall greatly.On this basis,it was concluded that plants had negative influence on city wall,especially plant roots destroyed the wall seriously.Corresponding researches were carried out and prevention suggestions proposed to provide scientific support for the protection of ancient city walls in Nanjing City.

Landscape Design of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall in Nanjing from the Perspective of Experience Tourism

Taking a section of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall from Xianhe Gate to Qilin Gate for example, this paper proposed the landscape design from the perspective of experience tourism, highlighted the wal, and took the beautiful environment and rich history and cultures of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall as the essential experience elements, to build cultural recreational corridors with the theme of "experiencing the Ming Dynasty culture", so that visitors will get unforgettable experience, tourism quality, popularity of the Ming Dynasty Outer City Wall as well as its cultural and educational significance will be further promoted.

Searching Images of Kengtung: An Old Walled City Town

Geopolitically Kengtung region was located in a most strategic place in Myanmar. It shares borders with China on the north and Thailand on the east. Kengtung is a place which forms a significant historical site in the easternmost part of Myanmar. From the geopolitical point of view, the region was located in a most strategic place. Its situation forced to safeguard the region. The town lies on a critical point of Myanmar’s defences. The restriction of exacting money as a yearly tribute did not concern for Kengtung. The tradition of paying homage was appeased to the King. The ruling Sawbwa which achieved the valuable return presents of the Burmese King. Kengtung came in the first class, and was the most important of the Myanmar’s possessions east of the Thanlwin River. Its position may be roughly judged by the tribute paid to the King and the contigent it was bound to supply to the royal army. Therefore, Kengtung was very important for the security of Myanmar’s eastern frontier during the Konbaung period. It was like a small Union within an Empire together with multinational races of Myanmar. A good deed of past events blanket over the town till today.

Space Structuring of the Northern Foot of the Qinling Mountains(Xi'an Section) based on Landscape City

Northern foot of the Qinling Mountains(Xi'an Section) is a transitional section between the Qinling Mountains and Xi'an City, so it has great ecological signifi cance. On the basis of sorting out landscape city, space structuring of the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was studied within the theoretical framework of landscape city, it was disclosed that northern foot of the Qinling Mountains was a signifi cant ecological screen for the landscape city spatial pattern of Xi'an, and an important carrier for its "mountain, water and city" cultures. Then, fi ve infl uence factors for the space structuring of the study area were given, and basic contents of the space structuring analyzed from fi ve perspectives of spatial structure, spatial form, ecological environment, integration of regional spaces, historical and cultural context, so as to explore ecological conservation and moderate utilization of the northern foot of the Qinling Mountains from the perspective of space structuring.

The retrospect and prospect on environmental legal system research of Xi'an City

Xi'an City is an important city of western region, facing the mission of constructing international metropolitan. There are many environmental issues in the city, which should be solved by legal construction. Based on the environmental status of the city, the construction content of environmental legal system was analyzed, focusing on conflict resolution, and the corresponding ways of research were proposed.

Reorientation Research of Xian＇s City Image

Although over the years, Xi＇an City Image has formed clear public perception imagery, but the lack of a distinctive strategic positioning made the image of the city has not yet achieved the unity of understanding. It is not conducive to the dissemination of the Xi＇an city image and improves core competitiveness. Stand at a different angle on the image of the city of Xi＇an positioning the current situation, different leaders, experts and scholars put forward a different position, the positioning feature of the overall showing as abstract and fuzzy. As an attempt, by analyzing the Xi＇an government documents and the Xi＇an real advantages as well as its competitiveness in the country, this article will re-position the city image of Xi＇an.

Family Planning Management Of the Floating Population in Xi'an City

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Robot-assisted trans-gastric drainage and debridement of walled-off pancreatic necrosis using the EndoWrist stapler for the da Vinci Xi:A case report

BACKGROUND Walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is a late complication of acute pancreatitis. The management of a WOPN depends on its location and on patient's symptoms. Trans-gastric drainage and debridement of WOPN represents an important surgical treatment option for selected patients. The da Vinci surgical System has been developed to allow an easy, minimally invasive and fast surgery, also in challenging abdominal procedures. We present here a case of a WOPN treated with a robotic trans-gastric drainage using the da Vinci Xi. CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old man with an episode of acute necrotizing pancreatitis was referred to our center. Six wk after the acute episode the patient developed a walled massive fluid collection, with an extensive pancreatic necrosis, causing obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. The patient underwent a robotic transgastric drainage and debridement of the WOPN performed with the da Vinci Xi platform. Firstly, an anterior ideal gastrotomy was carried out, guided by intraoperative ultrasound (US)-scan using the TilePro? function. Then, through the gastrotomy, the best location for drainage on the posterior gastric wall was again US-guided identified. The anastomosis between the posterior gastric wall and the walled-off necrosis wall was carried out with the new EndoWrist stapler with vascular cartridge. Debridement and washing of the cavity through the anastomosis were performed. Finally, the anterior gastrotomy was closed and the cholecystectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful and a post-operative computed tomography-scan showed the collapse of the fluid collection. CONCLUSION In selected cases of WOPN the da Vinci Surgical System can be safely used as a valid surgical treatment option.

Happy Life at the Foot of the Imperial City Wall——A Glimpse of Community Life in Dongcheng District, Beijing

Grandpa Qin, now 74, has returned to where he had lived for more than six decades in the company of his daughter. In front of him, the old dilapidated scenes have all disappeared. The former nine 1.9-meter-wide lanes have become 12 six-meter-wide roads. The former crowded courtyards, 11 stairs down the lanes, have completely changed their outlook. The only things that seem to have not changed are the old Beijing style of blue tiles and gray bricks and the imperial city walls nearby that are the witnesses to all these changes. Grandpa Qin is among the 300 households who have returned after the rebuilding project was completed. Qin’s family lived in the Nanchizi community for five generations. The big

Application of Urban Planning Theory in Practice in China——A Case Study of Satellite City Theory

The early Western urban planning theory has provided a vital reference for modern urban planning in China. After the illustration of the development of Western urban planning theory during World War II, the definition of satellite city has been introduced in detail by taking the planning theory of satellite city as an example. The development of satellite city has been summarized, that is, "lying city-semi-detached satellite city-active satellite city"; their characters have been illustrated; then, the effective application of this theory in urban areas of London and Paris has been introduced. Finally, by taking Shanghai and Xi'an City for example, it has introduced the practical application of satellite city theory in modern urban planning of China, and concluded the function of satellite city in Chinese urban construction. It hopes to provide a reference for satellite urban planning theory guiding practice, so as to control and evacuate urban people scientifically, promote the functional orientation and spatial distribution balance of towns and cities, and finally facilitate the sustainable development of living environment.

Accessibility Comparison and Spatial Differentiation of Xi’an Scenic Spots with Different Modes Based on Baidu Real-time Travel

A study of the accessibility of a city’s scenic spots via different travel modes can contribute to optimization of tourism-related transportation while improving tourists’ travel-related satisfaction levels and advancing tourism. We systematically analyzed the accessibility of 56 scenic spots in Xi’an City, China, via car and public transport travel modes using the real-time travel function of the Baidu Maps API(Application Programming Interface) along with spatial analysis methods and the modal accessibility gap index of scenic spots. We obtained the following results. First, maximum and minimum travel times using public transport exceeded those using cars. Moreover, the accessibility of scenic spots via cars and public transport presented a circular spatial pattern of increasing travel time from the center to the periphery. Contrasting with travel by public transport, car travel showed a clear time-space compression effect. Second, accessibility of the scenic spots via cars and public transport showed some spatial heterogeneity, with no clear advantages of car accessibility in the central urban area. However, advantages of car accessibility were increasingly evident moving from the center to the periphery. Third, whereas the correlation of the modal accessibility gap index of scenic spots in Xi’an with global space was significantly positive, local spatial interdependence was only evident in some inner city areas and in marginal areas. Moreover, spatial heterogeneity was evident in two regions but was insignificant in other areas, indicating that the spatial interdependence of the modal accessibility gap index in most scenic spots was not apparent in terms of the overall effect of public transport routes, road networks, and the distribution of scenic spots. The improvement of public transport coverage in marginal areas and the optimization of public transport routes in central urban areas are essential tasks for improving travel using public transport in the future.

The harmonious relationship between land use and environment in Xi’an

In this paper we adopt annual land use conditions change data, land sifting data, social, economic and population data and environment information of nine districts and four counties in Xi＇an city from 1980 to 2000 to analyze its structural and degree change of land use since the 1980s, and calculate the benefits and transformation of land use type. The results show that the non-agricultural land increased rapidly, especially the urban and rural residential spots and industrial and mining （RIM） land use increased mostly rapidly, an increase of 64%. Meanwhile, the intensity of land exploitation was accelerating, land was transformed to industries with better benefit and areas experiencing faster urbanization process. By analyzing the harmonious degree of land exploitation in economic and environmental aspects, we find out that the land use imbalance mainly existed in the municipal area of Xi＇an, and the imbalance index of land use based on GDP and non-agricultural population were respectively 12.37 and 14.67 in 2000, which were far higher than those in other regions. Nevertheless the environmental harmonious degree in the municipal area of Xi＇an ranges between 0.6 and 0.8, which was better than that of suburban area. Some proposals addressing to the problems of harmonious level in all scales, resources utilization, projects management and feasibility analysis and intensive urbanization are also put forward.

基于CityEngine与SketchUp的岭南特色封火墙建模

古建筑结构的不规则性与特殊性是对其进行三维建模的难点。文章基于City Engine三维建模平台,以佛山市大旗头村古建筑群及其特色封火墙为研究对象,利用Sketch Up辅助设计软件构建部件模型库,在City Engine中构建复杂山墙,建立整个村落的精细模型,并基于二维GIS数据建立古建筑数据库。研究结果表明,结合City Engine与Sketch Up的三维建模体系,可以很好地构建研究区的精细模型,对古村落、古建筑的数字化保护具有重要的意义。

Greening the building envelope,facade greening and living wall systems

For greening the building envelope several concepts can be used, for example green roofs, fa?ades greened with climbing plants or living wall systems (modular pre-vegetated panels), etc. Greening the building envelope allows to obtain a relevant improvement of the its effi- ciency, ecological and environmental benefits as well as an increase of the biodiversity. Since the interest restoring the environmental integ- rity of urban areas continues to increase, new developments in construction practices with beneficial environmental characteristics take place, as vertical greening systems. Applying green fa?ades is not a new concept and can offer multiple benefits as a component of cur- rent urban design;considering the relation be- tween the environmental benefits, energy sav- ing for the building and the vertical greening systems (material used, maintenance, nutrients and water needed) the integration of vegetation could be a sustainable approach for the enve- lope of new and existing buildings.