3D MERGE与3D SPACE STIR序列在腰椎间盘突出症检查中的应用比较

目的:对比三维多回波恢复梯度回波(3D MERGE)、三维可变反转角快速自旋回波(3D SPACE STIR)序列在腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)检查中的应用效果。方法:选择2020年1月~2022年11月收治的135例LDH患者,回顾性分析患者临床和磁共振成像(MRI)资料,所有患者均接受常规MRI扫描及3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列扫描,对比3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列测量神经根直径的一致性,评价两种序列的图像质量参数[信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)]、图像清晰度评分。结果:3D MERGE和3D SPACE STIR序列测量的L3~S1神经根直径比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且两组序列测量的L3、L4、L5和S1直径均显示出较高相关性(r=0.957,0.986,0.975,0.972,P<0.05);3D MERGE序列的SNR及CNR均高于3D SPACE STIR序列,神经根显示分级、图像清晰度评分优于3D SPACE STIR序列,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:3D MERGE、3D SPACE STIR序列在LDH神经根直径测量中具有极高一致性,3D MERGE序列较3D SPACE STIR序列能够更清晰显示神经跟的解剖形态,图像质量更好。

中医药多元证据整合方法学MERGE框架

在循证医学时代下,依托规范的技术方法和标准化的操作规程发掘中医药独特优势,是实现中医药现代化、国际化发展并惠泽人类的必由之路。中医理论、人用经验和研究证据三结合证据体系的提出标志着中医药特色评价体系思维方法取得了重要进步,经过恰当方法整合后的多元证据体是中医药临床指南推荐意见和循证卫生决策的有力支撑。本文基于当前国际证据合成与分级方法学前沿进展,初步提出中医药多元证据整合的方法学框架——MERGE(Merge Evidence-based Research and artificial intelliGence to support smart dEcision)框架,以期为中医药循证医学方法学体系的完善和发展提供借鉴和参考。

MRI 3D-MERGE序列对三角纤维软骨复合体损伤的诊断价值

目的探讨MRI三维-多回波恢复梯度回波(three dimensional-multiple-echo recalled gradient echo,3D-MERGE)序列在腕关节三角纤维软骨复合体(triangular fib roc a rt ilage complex,TFCC)损伤中的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析四川省骨科医院2021年1月-2022年1月因腕尺侧疼痛就诊的76例患者的临床资料,其中男性35例,女性41例,年龄16-52岁,平均年龄39.6岁。所有患者行腕关节MRI 3D-MERGE序列检查,并在随后接受腕关节镜手术。将TFCC损伤分为中心型损伤和边缘型损伤。以腕关节镜结果为金标准,探讨分析MRI 3D-MERGE序列诊断TFCC损伤的敏感度、特异度。结果腕关节镜检查确诊TFCC损伤者60例,其中中心型16例,边缘型28例,中心型和边缘型损伤同时存在16例;MRI 3D-MERGE序列检查TFCC损伤70例,中心型13例,边缘型35例,22例同时存在中心型和边缘型损伤。对比得出MRI 3D-MERGE序列诊断TFCC损伤中心型损伤的敏感度、特异度分别为0.93、0.89,边缘型损伤的敏感度、特异度分别为0.80、0.62。结论MRI3D-MERGE序列对TFCC损伤有较高的诊断价值,但相对于中心型损伤,MRI 3D-MERGE序列对边缘型损伤显示较低的特异度,因此在临床中,对于MRI提示的边缘型损伤患者,医师还需结合患者临床病史和体格检查进行谨慎诊断。

A New Merged Product Reveals Precipitation Features over Drylands in China

Due to the considerable uncertainties inherent in the datasets describing the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation in the drylands of China,this study presents a new merged monthly precipitation product with a spatial resolution of approximately 0.2°×0.2°during 1980–2019.The newly developed precipitation product was validated at different temporal scales(e.g.,monthly,seasonally,and annually).The results show that the new product consistently aligns with the spatiotemporal distributions reported by the Chinese Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)product and Multi-Source Weighted Ensemble Precipitation(MSWEP).The merged product exhibits exceptional quality in describing the drylands of China,with a bias of–2.19 mm month^(–1)relative to MSWEP.In addition,the annual trend of the merged product(0.09 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))also closely aligns with that of the MSWEP(0.11 mm month^(–1)yr^(−1))during 1980–2019.The increasing trend indicates that the water cycle and wetting process intensified in the drylands of China during this period.In particular,there was an increase in wetting during the period from 2001–2019.Generally,the merged product exhibits potential value for improving our understanding of the climate and water cycle in the drylands of China.

Data merging methods for S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy from different regions

When inverting the S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy from ambient noise data, it is always to obtain the partial overlapped inversion results in contiguous different regions. Merging different data to achieve a consistent model becomes an essential requirement. Based on the S-wave velocity and azimuthal anisotropy obtained from different contiguous regions, this paper introduces three kinds of methods for merging data. For data from different regions with partial overlapping areas, the merged results could be calculated by direct average weighting(DAW), linear dynamic weighting(LDW), and Gaussian function weighting(GFW), respectively. Data tests demonstrate that the LDW and GFW methods can effectively merge data by reasonably allocating data weights to capitalize on the data quality advantages in each zone. In particular, they can resolve the data smoothness at the boundaries of data areas, resulting in a consistent data model in larger regions. This paper presents the effective methods and valuable experiences that can be referred to as advancing data merging technology.

Ringing in the Changes Unprecedented State Council restructuring sees creation, cuts and merges of ministries

China＇s Xinhua News Agency calls it the ＂biggest government reshuffle in years＂ in what is seen as a dra matic continuation of the previous seven rounds of cabinet restructuring that began in 1982.

一种改进的Split-Merge图像分割算法

图像分割的经典算法Split-Merge算法思路简洁、运算效率高,但存在边界定位不准确和过分割等问题。针对过分割问题提出了一种改进的Split-Merge算法,在合并过程中引入全局目标函数,并在目标函数中定义了长度项,使用贪心法完成合并过程。长度项以及贪心法的使用促使相邻区域充分合并,有效地克服了过分割等问题,取得了较好的分割效果。

高效视频编码的Merge模式候选决策研究与改进

高效视频编码的Merge模式基于四叉树的图像编码方式,可以将多个相邻且具有相似运动情况的预测单元(PU)块合并成同一个区域并使用相同的运动参数。研究候选PU的合并决策过程,针对Merge模式所带来的高计算复杂度且合并候选过程中常进行多次不必要的判断问题,提出一种低复杂度的候选决策算法。该算法基于时空域候选在不同情形下的分布特征,从改变候选列表选择过程的角度减少候选判断次数从而降低编码复杂度。实验结果表明,与原始算法相比,该算法的编码时间缩短、码率减少,能有效降低编码复杂度。

Construction and Evaluation of Merged Pharmacophore Based on Peroxisome Proliferator Receptor-Alpha Agonists

Pharmacophore is a commonly used method for molecular simulation, including ligand-based pharmacophore （LBP） and structure-based pharmacophore （SBP）. LBP can be utilized to identify active compounds usual with lower accuracy, and SBP is able to use for distin- guishing active compounds from inactive compounds with frequently higher missing rates. Merged pharmacophore （MP） is presented to integrate advantages and avoid shortcomings of LBP and SBP. In this work, LBP and SBP models were constructed for the study of per- oxisome proliferator receptor-alpha （PPARα） agonists. According to the comparison of the two types of pharmacophore models, mainly and secondarily pharmacological features were identified. The weight and tolerance values of these pharmacological features were adjusted to construct MP models by single-factor explorations and orthogonal experimental design based on SBP model. Then, the reliability and screening efficiency of the best MP model were validated by three databases. The best MP model was utilized to compute PPARα activity of compounds from traditional Chinese medicine. The screening efficiency of MP model outperformed individual LBP or SBP model for PPARα agonists, and was similar to combinatorial screening of LBP and SBP. However, MP model might have an advantage over the combination of LBP and SBP in evaluating the activity of compounds and avoiding the inconsistent prediction of LBP and SBP, which would be beneficial to guide drug design and optimization.

Capacity model of on-rampmerging section of urban expressway

To establish the empirical capacity model of an on- ramp merging section, the Erlang distribution is first selected to define the time headway distribution, and then the gap acceptance theory is applied to develop the basic capacity model of the on-ramp merging section. Since not all the time headways on the shoulder lane can be made full use of by on- ramp vehicles, a modified capacity model is developed, which takes the usage probability of time headway into consideration. Then, a model of capacity discount coefficient ~： is developed. Finally, based on the modified capacity model and the model of capacity discount coefficient, an empirical merge capacity model which contains the shoulder lane volume, critical gap, and the distance from nose to merging point, is constructed. Results show that, compared with other models, the proposed model is more reasonable since it takes merging section geometry into consideration, and it is easy to apply. The merge capacity varies with the shoulder lane volume, the critical gap, the distance between the nose and the merging point, and the design velocity of the shoulder lane and ramp.

Application of neural network merging model in dam deformation analysis

In order to improve the prediction accuracy and test the generalization ability of the dam deformation analysis model, the back-propagation（BP） neural network model for dam deformation analysis is studied, and the merging model is built based on the neural network BP algorithm and the traditional statistical model. The three models mentioned above are calculated and analyzed according to the long-term deformation observation data in Chencun Dam. The analytical results show that the average prediction accuracies of the statistical model and the BP neural network model are ~ 0.477 and ＋- 0.390 mm, respectively, while the prediction accuracy of the merging model is ~0. 318 mm, which is improved by 33% and 18% compared to the other two models, respectively. And the merging model has a better generalization ability and broad applicability.

黄斑裂孔手术前后固视、微视野和mERG的检测

目的 用激光扫描眼底镜检测黄斑裂孔手术前后固视、微视野和多焦视网膜电图（mERG）,比较这几种方法评价黄斑功能的可靠性。方法 实验采集了因老年特发黄斑裂孔,行玻璃体切割术治疗后,黄斑裂孔闭合的12例患者,手术前后的固视、微视野、mERG的检测资料。用Rodenstock的激光扫描眼底镜（SLO）进行周视和微视野的检测。用Rodenstock的RETlsean3.12系统进行mERG测定24°视野范围的一阶反应（first-order kernel）。结果12例黄斑裂孔患考术后远视力提高6例,不变4例,下变2例;近视力提高9例,不变2例,下降1例。术前为非小心凹注视10例。术后注视改善7例,无改善3例;术前即为中心凹注视2例。术后光敏度较术前有明显提高,P<0.05。mERG:黄斑裂孔术前三维视觉山表现为火山口形状,术后黄斑裂孔闭合可观察到观觉山恢复的患者4例,术后观觉山形状无明显改善8例。mERG的中心 1、2环的值手术前后无明显改变,P>0.05。结论 手术后的远近视力较术的均有所提高;固视和微视野对于检测黄斑功能的改变比较敏感,其中微视野改善在明显.mERG无明显改变,在检测黄斑功能方面受到变异性、固视等诸多因素影响。

Carto-Merge指导下导管消融治疗阵发性房颤的初步体会

目的运用16排螺旋CT图像与CARTO三维电解剖标测整合技术（Carto-Merge）指导阵发性房颤的导管消融治疗。方法32例经抗心律失常药物治疗效果欠佳的患者进行手术，其中6例患者术前1～3d行16排CT心脏成像检查，术前将CT导入有Carto-Merge的软件包进行三维重建，重建后在Carto-Merge指导手术。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术，未发生手术并发症。Carto-Merge整合误差为（1．8±0．62）mm，使用Carto-Merge患者平均手术时间为（98±28）min，X线曝光时间为（26±11）min；未使用Carto-Merge患者手术时间为（112±42）min，X线曝光时间为（35±17）min。结论使用图像融合技术可以缩短手术及X线曝光时间，提高手术的效率及安全性。

视网膜色素变性和先天性静止性夜盲的mERG检查

目的 比较视网膜色素变性 (RP)和先天性静止性夜盲 (CSNB)的多焦视网膜电图 (mERG)特征。方法 对 8例RP患者 14眼和CSNB患者 14眼进行mERG、传统ERG和视野检查。检测分别采用德国罗兰公司的RETI Scangamma型视觉电生理测试系统、日本光电株式会社的Neuropack Ⅱ视电生理仪和Topcon公司的SBP 2 0 2 0型全自动视野计进行。检查结果与 14只正常眼进行比较。MERG选择一级反应 ,分析 6个环的平均b波振幅 (平均反应密度 )和a、b波平均潜伏值一级视网膜后极部 3 0°范围的振幅和及潜伏值和。结果 RP组 1～ 6环各环的平均振幅与正常组比较明显下降 (P=0 0 0 11～ 0 0 0 0 1) ,而在CSNB组可见 1～ 2环b波振幅的轻度下降 ,但无统计学差异 (P =0 12 89,0 0 5 43 ) ,3～ 6环各环的b波振幅明显下降 (P =0 0 0 61,0 0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 3 6)。两个患病组的各环a、b波平均潜伏值明显延长 (P =0 0 0 2 7～0 0 0 0 1) ,但较CSNB组的振幅反应异常程度严重 ,后极部 3 0°范围b波潜伏值和及各环a、b波潜伏值的延长在RP和CSNB组均明显延长。结论 MERG在RP和CSNB的诊断中具有不同的意义。RP的mERG特征主要以振幅介导的参数异常为主 。

改进Split-Merge分割用于蝗虫图像

为了更好地分割蝗虫图像,对传统Split-Merge算法做出改进:用PCNN来进行分裂,采用一种简化的Mumford-Shah模型进行合并。该方法的优点是:分裂阶段不仅无效分割数目减少,而且无方块效应,对边缘定位准确;合并阶段能够理想地将分裂后的区域合并为感兴趣的前景与不感兴趣的背景,误合并与欠合并大幅减小。实验对成虫与幼虫图像均进行分割。综合比较,该算法性能较优。

3D-MERGE序列在肩袖及其周围韧带损伤中的诊断价值

目的:评价核磁共振3D-MERGE序列对肩袖及其周围韧带损伤的临床应用价值。方法:回顾性分析20例肩关节活动受限,临床症状疑诊肩袖损伤的病人,行常规肩关节磁共振扫描和3D-MERGE序列扫描,对比观察各条肌腱、韧带,探讨这个新序列诊断肩袖损伤的价值。结果:3D-MERGE序列能沿任意方位重建肩关节各个位置,清晰显示各条肌腱、韧带及软骨,较常规序列更有优势。且扫描时间明显缩短,病人容易耐受。结论:3D-MERGE序列能较准确的对肩袖及周围韧带的损伤做出诊断,更好的为临床医师提供科学依据。

基于PCNN的改进Split-merge图像分割

为了更好地分割图像,对传统Split-merge算法作出改进:PCNN先进行分裂,用一种简化的Mumford-Shah模型进行合并,使得分裂阶段不仅无效分割减少,而且无方块效应,对边缘定位准确;合并阶段能够理想地将分裂后的区域合并为感兴趣的前景与不感兴趣的背景,误合并与欠合并大幅减小。对Papav,Monkey,Twoman图像的仿真表明,其分割结果和运行时间均优于AMS,MBMS算法。仿真结果证明,本文算法是一种适用于图像分割的有效算法。

在Split-Merge框架下进行基于图的图像分割

Split-Merge算法是图像分割领域的经典算法,思路简洁、运算效率高,但因分裂位置和形状固定,导致出现方块效应和边界定位不准确等问题。现有的各种改进算法不能从根本上解决这些问题,为此本文将基于图的分割算法纳入到Split-Merge框架中来,提出了在Split-Merge框架下进行基于图的分割。新算法把传统的基于图割值的算法作为分裂阶段的处理手段,在合并阶段采用本文提出的一种与访问次序无关的合并算法。新算法既解决了Split-Merge算法中因分裂位置和形状固定而带来的各种问题,也有效地消除了在基于图的分割中常见的"过分割"现象,取得了满意的分割效果。

xStripeMerge:基于纠删码存储的高效宽条带生成方法

为了解决纠删码存储系统的已有宽条带生成方法中扩容方案将产生大量宽条带生成带宽,合并方案受限于双条带的问题,提出了一种针对多条带合并下的宽条带生成问题的高效宽条带生成方法。定义了多条带合并过程的2个关键算子,并将宽条带生成问题建模为组合优化问题,提出了优先寻找具有小的奇偶校验块传输成本的窄条带组合方案的高效宽条带生成方法xStripeMerge。实验结果表明,与目前最优的存储扩容方法相比,xStripeMerge可以减少75%宽条带生成带宽。xStripeMerge的时间和空间复杂度远优于扩展的双条带合并方法,xStripeMerge可以在更短的时间内获得与其性能相近的宽条带生成方案,并且xStripeMerge可以适用于大规模存储系统。

基于Excel数据源的Mail Merge在教学管理中的应用

教育教学管理过程中常常涉及到追考证、成绩单、录取通知书等教育对象数据的通知工作,利用常规办法将成绩统计表中数据逐一复制的方式不仅繁琐且容易出错。基于EXCEL数据源的Mail Merge(Word邮件合并)使用可以迅速、准确地完成数据处理、个案分析及个人成绩通知。