Seeking the Self-consciousness of Black Woman from the Point of View of“Womanism”in Everyday Use

Alice Walker is one of the prominent American writers in American women' s literature and black literature in 1950s-1960s.The short story Everyday Use was published early in her writing career.She displays the differences in the behav iors and minds of the mother and her two daughters during the process of seeking the self-consciousness of black woman from the point of view of " womanism".This paper attempts to explore the awakening of their heritage and self-consciousness in or der to deepen the understanding and thoughts on the theme of the text.

Study on Self-consciousness of Children With Learning Disabilities and Related Factors

Objective To study the self-consciousness of children with learning disabilities (LD) and to identify related factors. Methods Five hundred and sixty pupils graded from 1 to 6 in an elementary school were investigated. According to the pupil rating scale revised screening for learning disabilities (PRS), combined Raven’s test (CRT) and achievement of main courses, 35 of 560 pupils were diagnosed as LD children. Thirty-five children were selected from the average children and 35 from advanced children in academic achievement equally matched in class, gender, and age with LD children as control groups. The three groups were tested by Piers-Harris children’s self-concept scale. Basic information of each subject was collected by self-made questionnaire. Results Compared with the average and advanced children, LD children got significantly lower scores in self-concept scale. Based on logistic regression analysis, 3 factors were identified, including family income per month, single child and delivery model. Conclusion The results suggest that self-consciousness of children with LD is lower than that of normal children.

The Relationship between College Graduate’s Dual Self-Consciousness and Job Search Clarity: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between college graduates’dual self-consciousness,job search clarity and perceived stress,and reveal the mediating role of perceived stress between dual self-consciousness and job search clarity.In this study,467 college graduates were investigated using the Dual Self-Consciousness Scale,Job Search Clarity Scale,and Perceived Stress Scale.After controlling for gender,age,and region,the results revealed that:(1)private self-consciousness has a significant positive predictive effect on job search clarity;(2)perceived stress has a significant negative predictive effect on job search clarity;(3)perceived stress plays partial mediation effects between private self-consciousness and job search clarity;(4)perceived stress plays complete mediation effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity;(5)perceived stress has suppressing effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity.

The Conflicts of Huck''s Self-consciousness and His Spiritual Growth in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is one of the masterpieces of American novelist Mark Twain. In this novel, Twain not onlydescribes the courageous adventures of Huck, but also his psychological or spiritual growth. Due to the social and cultural back-ground of that time and general cultural concept the protagonist was instilled before, the conflicts of the protagonist's self-con-sciousness appear many times in this novel when the issue of slavery is concerned. However, through the protagonist's inner con-flicts, he finally gains spiritual growth and obtains a higher level of moral maturity.

The Study on Self-consciousness in Flow

The issue of consciousness is a core issue in flow theory.The key element of flow is concentration,which is based on self-control and the order of consciousness.Flow usually gives people a feeling of ecstasy,but this disappearance of self-awareness does not mean the disappearance of the self.Self still controls actions and thinking.The abnormality of the sense of time in flow is related to the disappearance of self-consciousness.Reflection provides the dynamic situation of behavior and helps people adjust themselves in time to achieve the optimal experience of heart flow.

Phenomenal Consciousness, Self-Consciousness and Animal Suffering

In this article I will confront Antonio Damasio＇s theory （exposed in his last book Self Comes to Mind） with the criticism it received from Ned Block. The latter holds that Damasio does not distinguish the concepts of phenomenal consciousness and self-consciousness and this has two kinds of consequences. One is that it cannot satisfactorily explain certain mental states （dreams, vegetative states）; the other is that it has harmful consequences for animal ethics. I maintain that to compare the two theories we can only rely on our pre-theoretical intuition of consciousness. Thus, I argue that Dam^tsio＇s theory combines more with our intuitions. One of the reasons is that the cases that Block describes as phenomenal consciousness without access consciousness （and without self-consciousness） are best explained as being cases of mind without consciousness. Dam^sio＇s theory can also explain those referred cases which are theoretically problematic. Moreover, Dam^isio has a threshold model （an expression by Barry Dainton）, which is something that Block seems to ignore. This model fits well with the intuitions and neurological knowledge that we normally have on animal consciousness. Dam^isio＇s core self and his theory of emotions and feelings allow us to understand why we feel compassion for animals. Therefore, we are able to develop an animal ethics, which does not mean that we are required to do so. So even though Damasio does not solve the mystery of consciousness, he should not be the subject of Block＇s criticism.

The Rise of the Elizabethan Language:Self-consciousness and Language Policy

The notion of"Queen's English",depending on who is the ruler of the time,could be traced back to the sixteenth century,when the idea that the monarch's usage of the language should be a model in speech and writing.That is where the"Elizabethan English" originated from.From the linguistic point of view,Elizabethan English is categorized into Early Modern English,which dominantly spanned the Renaissance,Elizabethan era and Shakespeare.On a smaller scale,this paper focused upon language itself,trying to exemplify the rise of Elizabethan Language from the second half of 16th century to the outset of 17th century by presenting two factors of self-consciousness and the relevant policy.

Self-consciousness in Black Literature

The Black self-consciousness is an eternal literay theme seriously treated in American Literature and Black Literature in particular,This paper gives a survey of the progress of Black self-consciousness in which Black Americans have neen struggling continously to earn their freedom and equality,and later to restore their own self-respect and confidence.The progressive self-consciousness is evidently demonstrated in this paper by comparative analysis of various Black figures,from the obedient and meek Ngro slaves represented by Uncle Tom to the rebellious and difi-ant characters portrayed by Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison,In reality,the promising generation involved in the Harlem Renaissance have taken some measures to search for their own identity in a highly organized and prejudiced society.

The Awakening of Self-consciousness of the African American Women—an Analysis of Dee in Everyday Use

Alice Walker is one of the prominent American writers in American women's literature and black literature in 1950s-1960s. Everyday Use is regarded as Alice Walker's best-written short story. The prevailing opinion among the critics about this story is that Dee is the traitor of black American's cultural heritage, and the mother and Maggie are the hope of true value of the African Americans' tradition and heritage; however, after considering the historical and cultural background of the story, we may safely come to the conclusion that Dee actually took the first step toward the awakening of self-consciousness of the African Americans women.

The Relationship between Consumers'Public Self-consciousness and their Purchase Intention of the New Luxury Goods

The era of consumption upgrade has begun due to the rapid economic development.Nowadays,the new luxuryconsumption is prevailing,and China has emerged as the primary consumer of these luxury goods.Based on the public self-consciousness of consumers,the relationship between this aspect and consumers'purchase intentions of the new luxury goodsis explored.This study investigated the impact of consumers'public self-consciousness on their willingness to purchase newluxury goods,validated the proposed hypothesis by design experiments,and used the linear regression analysis of theexperimental data.This study showed that the higher the consumer's public self-consciousness,the more inclined they wereto purchase these luxury goods.The findings of this study would be helpful to expand and enrich the researeh of the newluxury consumption behaviors in consideration that public self-consciousness is hardly reflected in recent research.Hence,this study would enlighten and acts as a significant reference for companies of the new luxury goods to develop more effectivemarketing strategies.

The Interdependent Coexistence of the Rational Civilizations: The Mental Origin of Civilizations

The paper purposes that the three major civilizations are territorial rational civilization originated from the tribes before the Axial Age, discrete Western rational civilization originated from the mega empires in Middle East and Greece during the Axial Age, and the connective Eastern rational civilization originated from the mega empires in India and China during the Axial Age. Territorial rational civilization with territorial worldview for ingroup and outgroup individuals produces territorial nationalist democracy based on rule of boundary to deal with ingroup and outgroup individuals. Discrete Western rational civilization with discrete worldview for discrete and independent individuals produces discrete liberty-equality democracy based on rule of law to deal with discrete individuals. Connective Eastern rational civilization with connective worldview for connective and related individuals produces connective common wellbeing democracy based on rule of relation to deal with connective individuals. The current highly international interdependence produces the purposed internationalized interdependent community which allows the interdependent coexistence of the three rational civilizations by establishing the promotion of rational civilizations, the basic rules of relation and law, the potential civilizational and the regional defense boundaries, and the cooperation in international relations. The mental origin of the rational civilization consists of the social brain for instinctive intragroup relations and worldviews to form the original human social group, the mental immune system for instinctive mental therapy, theory of imaginary mind for imaginary religious and political entities with their own minds to form cohesive large social groups, and the thinking brain for rule to form rational civilization.

重述、疗愈与告别——鲁迅的创伤体验与《野草》写作

《野草》处于前期鲁迅向后期鲁迅转型的过渡期,借此探究鲁迅这一阶段的心路历程,对理解鲁迅有重要意义。种种迹象表明,《新青年》团体的解散及兄弟失和事件的双重打击,对鲁迅造成了心理创伤并导致了《野草》的形成。从妙手偶得的《秋夜》到《影的告别》到最终的《题辞》,显示了《野草》作为“告别过去”的创伤见证书写的定位;过去的生命、死去的生命及朽腐的生命的三分法,以及黑暗、死亡与深渊意象,构成了《野草》创伤写作的重要内涵。与许广平的爱情帮助鲁迅走出孤寂的“独头茧”,后期《野草》中的“腊叶”“野蓟”以及现实中悬挂安特来夫像的行为,见证了鲁迅创伤的愈合。鲁迅终于走进光明,结束了向内的自我剖析,开始了“文明批评”与“社会批评”的新路。

东西方的文明循环:劳伦斯·宾雍全球地缘影响视域中的艺术文明论

本文从全球文明批评元话语视域分析20世纪上半叶英国的远东艺术批评家、文物鉴藏家、诗人劳伦斯·宾雍远东艺术研究的三部曲《远东绘画》《龙的腾飞》和《亚洲艺术中人的精神》。绝然不同于20世纪末弗朗西斯·福山的历史终结论或塞缪尔·亨廷顿的文明冲突论,劳伦斯·宾雍的全球艺术文明论的当代价值在于:全面颠覆欧洲传统文艺摹仿论,质疑现代科学主义,否定西方启蒙线型进步知识型和欧洲中心主义,褒扬以中国古典文明为核心的东方人本精神;建构全球艺术文明的跨文化循环宏大叙事,东方文明以中国艺术为核心形成辐射式结构,东西方文明以陆上和海上丝绸之路为纽带形成双向循环;在他提炼的崭新的艺术文明评价和认知模态中,艺术表征的精神化程度而不是科技进步和物质繁荣程度决定文明的层级和优劣。宾雍的全球艺术文明论表征了19世纪末、20世纪初英美现代主义文艺和思想领域戈德沃西·洛斯·迪金森、罗杰·弗莱、亚瑟·韦利、埃兹拉·庞德等共同建构的全球艺术文明话语。这一应时而生的现代西方文明批评话语集体从现代西方文明源头的古希腊精神转向对东方中国古典文明精神的深度阐释和认同。

“谢谢”的行为反语功能

本文讨论“谢谢”类施为短句回应抵触性引发行为、实施言语行为对抗的隐性否定新用法,即行为反语。“谢谢”的行为对抗功能,朝着交际非当面、回应对象非可控角度发展。从日常对话向网络虚拟对话演进,其行为对抗强度、负面情绪态度发生强化,形成“我谢谢你”等负面对抗性固化表达。“谢谢”的行为对抗功能填补了不礼貌抵触类行为配对的交际空位,满足了互动平衡中“文明对抗”的交际需要。

盖房先烧砖:文明政治学和文明公共管理学的概念体系

概念不仅是人类思维、思想活动及交流沟通的基础,而且是研究者构建和发展理论和思想的基石,甚至是学术思想精华的最集中体现和反映;概念分析则是和规范、实证分析相并列的重要研究方法之一。因此,在提出文明政治学和文明公共管理学后,需对其概念体系进行深入研究。研究在讨论提出概念体系必要性、讨论概念定义基础上,依照文明“从哪里来”“是什么”“到哪里去”的基本逻辑,发展了包含“文明本源”“文明本身”“文明发展”为核心的文明政治学和公共管理学文明概念体系分析最基本框架。之后,在对概念体系具体阐释基础上,发展了文明政治学和文明公共管理学的核心概念体系,并讨论了概念体系发展的关键任务。研究不仅为文明政治学和文明公共管理学的发展提供简明扼要的路线图,也为其进一步发展奠定新基础。

国家礼制对中国传统文明秩序的构建

礼是中华文明的核心,创造了符合中国地理历史特征的政治传统与社会秩序。商周与秦汉两个时期开创了适应农业社会的“大一统”格局,周秦礼制在事功、疆域和物质文明上为统一国家与民族的形成奠定了稳固的思想文化基础。几千年来,各民族政权继承与发展汉“礼”,各朝礼制在儒家伦理价值观的引导下推行教化,于不断变革完善之中逐步构建起尊卑有序的共同体秩序,并由于礼义文化对社会伦理关系的全方位塑造而闪烁着文明的光辉。相较于西方的基督教文明,中华文明显现的延续性特征得益于各朝重视通过官方修典来总结兴衰治乱的智慧经验,通过构建中央集权体制来实现对天下土地与人口资源的全面掌控,以及宗法体系形成的集体主义传统和“家国一体”的整体秩序观。在中国走向现代化的过程中,礼制中以长幼亲疏为基础的人伦法则正是中国传统文化对世界文明的贡献。

从范畴格义看“中道”研究的哲学根基与未来路向——《文明论的历史哲学》的洞见与误区举隅

以“中道”标示中华文明在历史内部“究天人之际、通古今之变”的特质,是当下中国哲学发展的一条极富前景与深度的路径。然而在理解与刻画这一特质时,学者们仍可能落入“中合西分”“中优西劣”一类窠臼,背后原因是我们将西方范畴框架(如“思辨—现实”“超越性—内在性”“绝对者—有限者”)与西方学派(如释义学)不加反思地套用于中西比较,殊不知范畴框架必然蕴含的逻辑本就是使一种文明得以挺立的隐秘生命。这表明我们一方面未能把握西方形式感的运行逻辑,另一方面未能发展出真正适合于中国文明下生存体验的论说方式。仅仅将传统名相化为哲学概念是不够的,更重要的是阐明中国哲学核心概念(范畴)的逻辑机理。未来中国哲学的首要任务在于从《文明论的历史哲学》等新著对于西学一般主题的突破继续走向对西方范畴框架的突破,足够深刻地勘定中西方在范畴逻辑与思维方式上的区别,同时聚焦于困扰全球文明的共同问题。

新时代世界文明交往史研究的三维阐释

世界文明交往史是人与自然交往中主观能动性的实践性活动体现,也是人与社会交往的必然结果,更是人类在交往中自我反思的进化过程。文明交往首先是人类与自然世界的交往,由此催生了最初的文明形态,且在人类征服自然世界的过程中孕育和推动了自然科学的发展。理解世界文明交往不仅要从自然科学的视角去探究人与自然的关系,更要从人文社会科学角度去看待自然科学与文明演进的相互联系。与此同时,世界文明的交往既包括不同文明在空间上的相遇,也包括同一文明内部在文化传承上的创新与内化。长期以来西方世界掌握着文明叙事的话语权,“文明冲突论”“文明优越论”不断出现,破除“西方中心主义”文明观、构建世界文明交往史研究的自主知识体系势在必行。新时代的世界文明交往史研究,不仅要超越时空限制,阐释不同文明之间与同一文明内部的交往内涵,更要持整体性观点,从跨学科视角探究世界文明交往中人与自然、人与社会以及人与自我交往的深刻关系。

人类文明关系转型中的全球文明倡议

迄今为止的人类文明秩序是在资本主义生产方式兴起过程中由西方世界主导建构而成的,蕴含着深刻的矛盾性,长期影响、制约着人类历史的发展和人类文明的进步。世界百年未有之大变局为当今世界从根本上反思和审视人类文明秩序的弊端,以新的文明观推动人类文明秩序的调整和改良提供了历史性契机。全球文明倡议以人类文明的多样性为理论前提,以全人类共同价值为价值取向,以“三个超越”为核心理念,以“三个辩证统一”为思维方法,树立起平等、互鉴、对话、包容的新文明观。作为全球文明倡议的提出者,中国现阶段有必要把凝聚国际共识作为着力点和突破口,锚定构建人类命运共同体的目标统筹推进,厚植历史和文化根基,加大全球文明倡议的对外有效传播,促进中外文明交流对话,并敢于和善于同阻挠践行全球文明倡议的各种行为作斗争。

论中国式现代化的文明价值

近代以来,现代化构成了人类实践活动的中心内容,也是人类文明发展进步的基本规定。作为对资本主义现代化的超越,中国式现代化既具有现代化的意义也具有文明价值。从文明价值的角度来说,一方面中国式现代化的发展符合并诠释着人类文明发展的一般规律,另一方面中国式现代化的出现和发展为解决当前人类文明发展变革的现实难题提供了中国方案。具体来说,中国式现代化的文明价值主要表现为:增强了人类文明发展的物质基础、彰显了人类文明发展的现代理念、引领了人类文明形态的历史变革、破解了人类文明发展的现代难题。