Comparison of nonlinear modeling methods for the composite rubber clamp

The cubic stiffness force model(CSFM)and Bouc-Wen model(BWM)are introduced and compared innovatively.The unknown coefficients of the nonlinear models are identified by the genetic algorithm combined with experiments.By fitting the identified nonlinear coefficients under different excitation amplitudes,the nonlinear vibration responses of the system are predicted.The results show that the accuracy of the BWM is higher than that of the CSFM,especially in the non-resonant region.However,the optimization time of the BWM is longer than that of the CSFM.

Effect of an Airbag-selective Portal Vein Blood Arrester on the Liver after Hepatectomy:A New Technique for Selective Clamping of the Portal Vein

Objective:A novel technique was explored using an airbag-selective portal vein blood arrester that circumvents the need for an intraoperative assessment of anatomical variations in patients with complex intrahepatic space-occupying lesions.Methods:Rabbits undergoing hepatectomy were randomly assigned to 4 groups:intermittent portal triad clamping(PTC),intermittent portal vein clamping(PVC),intermittent portal vein blocker with an airbag-selective portal vein blood arrester(APC),and without portal blood occlusion(control).Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury were assessed by measuring the 7-day survival rate,blood loss,liver function,hepatic pathology,hepatic inflammatory cytokine infiltration,hepatic malondialdehyde levels,and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels.Results:Liver damage was substantially reduced in the APC and PVC groups.The APC animals exhibited transaminase levels similar to or less oxidative stress damage and inflammatory hepatocellular injury compared to those exhibited by the PVC animals.Bleeding was significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups.The APC group had less bleeding than the PVC group because of the avoidance of portal vein skeletonization during hepatectomy.Thus,more operative time was saved in the APC group than in the PVC group.Moreover,the total 7-day survival rate in the APC group was higher than that in the PTC group.Conclusion:Airbag-selective portal vein blood arresters may help protect against hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in rabbits undergoing partial hepatectomy.This technique may also help prevent liver damage in patients requiring hepatectomy.

Improved Clamped Diode Based Z-Source Network for Three Phase Induction Motor

The 3Φinduction motor is a broadly used electric machine in industrial applications,which plays a vital role in industries because of having plenty of beneficial impacts like low cost and easiness but the problems like decrease in motor speed due to load,high consumption of current and high ripple occurrence of ripples have reduced its preferences.The ultimate objective of this study is to control change in motor speed due to load variations.An improved Trans Z Source Inverter(ΓZSI)with a clamping diode is employed to maintain constant input voltage,reduce ripples and voltage overshoot.To operate induction motor at rated speed,different controllers are used.The conventional Proportional-Inte-gral(PI)controller suffers from high settling time and maximum peak overshoot.To overcome these limitations,Fractional Order Proportional Integral Derivative(FOPID)controller optimized by Gray Wolf Optimization(GWO)technique is employed to provide better performance by eliminating maximum peak overshoot pro-blems.The proposed speed controller provides good dynamic response and controls the induction motor more effectively.The complete setup is implemented in MATLAB Simulation to verify the simulation results.The proposed approach provides optimal performance with high torque and speed along with less steady state error.

Maternal Effects of Immediate versus Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping: A Randomized Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVE: To compare maternal preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin variation after cord clamping. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial performed in Porto Alegre, RS from January to December 2012. It was included 356 women with habitual risk gestations. In the immediate cord clamping group, the umbilical cord section was realized between 0 and 60 s (group 1) while in the delayed cord clamping group it was realized >60 s (group 2). RESULTS: The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) preoperative hemoglobin was 12.13 ± 1.06 in the group 1 and 12.13 ± 1.11 in the group 2. The mean (±SD) postoperative day 2 hemoglobin level was 10.19 ± 1.46 in the group 1 and 10.24 ± 1.42 in the group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed umbilical cord clamping resulted in a similar maternal hemoglobin level reduction at postoperative day 2.

具有sliding-clamped端强阻尼屈曲梁方程整体解的存在性

对固体力学中提出的具有强阻尼效应的非线性粘弹性梁方程进行了研究。在给定具有sliding-clamped端和简支端的边界条件下,利用Galerkin方法,证明了该非线性梁方程的整体弱解和强解的存在性。

The calculation of the Reproducibility Error in the technological system with the clamp on the gas power

The paper deduced a calculation formula by the classic control theory on the Reproducibility Error of parts processing in the technology system,the flexible clamp system, with the clamping device on the gas power,and analyzed its influencing factor with examples,the Reproducibility Error law:\ The larger the diameter of the cylinder,the smaller the error; the slower the tool speed,(k values smaller),the smaller the error.

Clamping force of a multilayered cylindrical clamper with internalfriction

Holding an object by clamping force is a fundamental phenomena.Layered or laminated architectures with internal sliding features are essential mechanism in natural and man-made structural system.In this paper,we combine the layered architecture and clamping mechanism to form a multilayered clamper and study the clamping force with internal friction.Our investigations show that the clamping force and energy dissipation are very much depend on the number of layers,its geometry and elasticity,as well as internal friction.The central goal of studying the multilayered clamp is not only to predict the clamping force,but also as a representative case to help finding some clue on the universal behaviours of multilayered architectures with internal friction.

基于Clamped B样条的空间非合作目标抓捕策略研究

空间机械臂技术是未来实施在轨服务与维护任务的关键技术之一.利用机械臂对空间非合作目标,特别是翻滚目标的抓捕仍然存在巨大的挑战.本文提出一种基于Clamped B样条的空间非合作目标抓捕策略方案.在对非合作目标与空间机械臂运动学与动力学分析的基础上,结合非合作目标被空间机械臂抓捕后的动静态对偶性分析,构建抓捕后的力可操作度椭球作为抓捕策略设计的优化指标.其次,考虑目标的运动预测和空间机械臂的抓捕能力图谱构建,确定空间机械臂应对目标的最优抓捕时机与抓捕终端状态.基于Clamped B样条对空间机械臂各关节轨迹进行时间归一化参数描述,并对抓捕过程中的机械臂关节角、速度、避撞、抓捕走廊等约束进行数学变换,最终将抓捕策略转换为多约束、多目标的非线性优化问题,利用自适应惯性权重的粒子群优化算法进行求解.将所设计的抓捕策略应用于空间七自由度运动学冗余机械臂,实现了对空间中翻滚目标的成功捕获,验证了所提抓捕策略的可行性与有效性.

膜片箝pClamp采样软件中的P/N漏减分析

本文采用大鼠海马脑片盲法的全细胞记录技术 ,研究了Axon公司pClamp采样软件Clampex中P/N漏减的功能意义和作用机制 ,对P/N漏减脉冲电流的采集以及漏减脉冲的时间、极性、箝位电压、数目、位置等参数的设置进行了详细分析。结果表明 ,在采集电压门控性离子通道电流时 。

Plastic Mechanism of Multi-pass Double-roller Clamping Spinning for Arc-shaped Surface Flange

Compared with the conventional single-roller spinning process, the double-roller clamping spinning（DRCS） process can effectively prevent the sheet metal surface wrinkling and improve the the production efficiency and the shape precision of final spun part. Based on ABAQUS/Explicit nonlinear finite element software, the finite element model of the multi-pass DRCS for the sheet metal is established, and the material model, the contact definition, the mesh generation, the loading trajectory and other key technical problems are solved. The simulations on the multi-pass DRCS of the ordinary Q235A steel cylindrical part with the arc-shaped surface flange are carried out. The effects of number of spinning passes on the production efficiency, the spinning moment, the shape error of the workpiece, and the wall thickness distribution of the final part are obtained. It is indicated definitely that with the increase of the number of spinning passes the geometrical precision of the spun part increases while the production efficiency reduces. Moreover, the variations of the spinning forces and the distributions of the stresses, strains, wall thickness during the multi-pass DRCS process are revealed. It is indicated that during the DRCS process the radical force is the largest, and the whole deformation area shows the tangential tensile strain and the radial compressive strain, while the thickness strain changes along the generatrix directions from the compressive strain on the outer edge of the flange to the tensile strain on the inner edge of the flange. Based on the G-CNC6135 NC lathe, the three-axis linkage computer-controlled experimental device for DRCS which is driven by the AC servo motor is developed. And then using the experimental device, the Q235A cylindrical parts with the arc-shape surface flange are formed by the DRCS. The simulation results of spun parts have good consistency with the experimental results, which verifies the feasibility of DRCS process and the reliability of the finite element model for DRCS.

Minimum Normal Force Principle Based Quantitive Optimization of Clamping Forces for Thin Walled Part

Based on the stability criteria of workpiece-fixture system, quantitative optimization of clamping forces during precise machining process for thin walled part is studied considering the contact condition between wokpiece and locator, the contact mechanical model is achieved, which is further been used to calculate the entire passive forces acting on the statically undetermined workpiece by means of the force screw theory as well as minimum norm force principle. Furthermore, a new methodology to optimize clamping forces is put forward, on the criteria of keeping the stability of workpiece during cutting process. By this way, the intensity of clamping forces is decreased dramatically, which will be most beneficial for improving the machining quality of thin-walled parts. Finally, a case study is used to support and validate the proposed model.

STRENGTH ANALYSIS OF CLAMPING IN MICRO/NANO SCALE EXPERIMENTS

Two kinds of clamping in micro/nano scale experiments are investigated in this paper, one based on electron-beam-induced deposition, and the other on the van der Waals interaction. The clamping strength and mechanism are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. The influence of relative humidity on the micro/nano clamping and the method of electrostatic clamping are discussed. The clamping strength and performance of different clamping methods are compared considering the size and material of the clamped objects, and the application environments.

Numerical simulation of horizontal transversal displacement under different fixed clamping force of welding fixture for superalloy during TIG welding

A numerical model is established by Abaqus software for superalloy during tungsten inert gas （TIG） welding with welding fixture to simulate the weld temperature filed, stress and strain field, and weld plate＇s horizontal trasnsveral shift. The clamp force perpendicular to the weld plate varying with welding time was analyzed. The maximum clamp force during welding process was calculated. Under the condition of insufficient of clamping force, a half or one third of the maximum clamp force for example, the weld plate＇s horizontal transversal displacement could happen and also be computed.

Tepid antegrade intermittent blood cardioplegia as an alternative for intermittent crossclamping with Lidoflazine

Background: Blood cardioplegia is a technique with many variations in its use. Intermittent cross clamping with Lidoflazine has proven to deliver good cardioprotection in our center. Question: Is tepid (32°C) antegrade intermittent blood cardioplegia an efficient, safe and easy-to-use alternative to intermittent cross-clamping with Lidoflazine in elective isolated CABG in low-risk patients? Primary outcomes are heart enzymes (cTnI, CK-MB). Secondary outcomes are operation times, length of hospital stay, major complications and in-hospital mortality. Methods: From January 2012 until November 2012, 40 patients with LVEF ≥50%, EuroSCORE

Plastic Deformation Mechanism in Double-Roller Clamping Spinning of Flanged Thin-Walled Cylinder

Double?roller clamping spinning(DRCS) is a new process for forming a thin?walled cylinder with a complex surface flange. The process requires a small spinning force,and can visibly improve forming quality and production e ciency. However,the deformation mechanism of the process has not been completely understood. Therefore,both a finite element numerical simulation and experimental research on the DRCS process are carried out. The results show that both radial force and axial force dominate the forming process of DRCS. The deformation area elongates along the radial direction and bends along the axial direction under the action of the two forces. Both the outer edge and round corner of the flange show the tangential tensile stress and radial compressive stress. The middle region shows tensile tangential stress and radial stress,while the inner edge shows compressive tangential stress and radial stress. Tan?gential tensile strain causes a wall thickness reduction in the outer edge and middle regions of the flange. The large compressive thickness strain causes material accumulation and thus,an increase in the wall thickness of the round corner. Because of bending deformation,the round corner shows a large radial tensile strain in addition. The inner edge of the flange shows small radial compressive strain and tensile strain in thickness. Thus,the wall thickness on the inner edge of the flange continues to increase,although the increment is small. Furthermore,microstructure analysis and tensile test results show that the flanged thin?walled cylinder formed by DRCS has good mechanical properties. The results provide instructions for the application of the DRCS process.

THE METHOD OF THE RECIPROCAL THEOREM OF FORCED VIBRATION FOR THE ELASTIC THIN RECTANGULAR PLATES(Ⅰ)—RECTANGULAR PLATES WITH FOUR CLAMPED EDGES AND WITH THREE CLAMPED EDGES

In this paper the method of the reciprocal theorem (MRT) is extended to solve the steady state responses of rectangular plater under harmonic disturbing forces. A series of the closed solutions of rectangular plates with various boundary conditions are given and the tables and figures which have practical value are provided.MRT is a simple, convenient and general method for solving the steady stale responses of rectangular plates under various harmonic disturbing forces.The paper contains three parts: (I) rectangular plates with four damped edges and with three clamped edges; (II) rectangular plates with two adjacent clamped edges; (III) cantilever plates.We arc going to publish them one after another.

A patch-clamp study on human sperm Cl^- channel reassembled into giant liposome

Aim: To record the single-channel currents and characterize the electrophysiological properties of the Cl^- channels inhuman sperm membrane. Methods: The membrane proteins extracted from the human sperm were reassembled intoliposome bilayer, and the liposomes were fused into giant liposomes with a diameter more than 10μm by dehydration-rehydration procedure. The giant liposomes were used to study the Cl^- channel activities by patch-clamp technique.Results: By patch clamping the giant liposome in an asymmetric NMDG (N-methyl-D-glucamine)-Cl (bath 100//pipette 200 mmol/L) solution system, three kinds of single-channel events with unit conductances of (74.1 ± 8.3) pS,(117.0±5.7) pS and (144.7±4.5) pS, respectively, were detected. Their activities were voltage-dependent and allwere blocked by SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2', 2'-disulfonic acid) in a concentration-dependentmanner. By constructing the open and close dwell time distribution histograms and then fitting them with exponentialfunction, two time constants were obtained in both the open and the close states. The burst activity and conductancesubstate of the channels were observed. Conclusion; There exist three kinds of Cl^- channels with different conduc-tance in human sperm membrane at least. (Asian J Androl 2001 Sep; 3: 185 - 191)

MODELING, VALIDATION AND OPTIMAL DESIGN OF THE CLAMPING FORCE CONTROL VALVE USED IN CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION

Associated dynamic performance of the clamping force control valve used in continuously variable transmission （CVT） is optimized. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the valve are analyzed, and then a dynamic model is set up by means of mechanism analysis. For the purpose of checking the validity of the modeling method, a prototype workpiece of the valve is manufactured for comparison test, and its simulation result follows the experimental result quite well. An associated performance index is founded considering the response time, overshoot and saving energy, and five structural parameters are selected to adjust for deriving the optimal associated performance index. The optimization problem is solved by the genetic algorithm （GA） with necessary constraints. Finally, the properties of the optimized valve are compared with those of the prototype workpiece, and the results prove that the dynamic performance indexes of the optimized valve are much better than those of the prototype workpiece.

In vivo patch clamp recording technique in the study of neurophysiology

The patch clamp recording technique in vivois a blind patch clamp recording methods to record the current of the spinal or cereral neurons of anaes：hesia （ or awake） animals. This technique can be used to study the synaptic function and plasticity in central nervous system in vivoin order to understand the physiological properties of the ion channels from an integrated point of view. The advantage of this technique have already presented itself in the study of the synaptic transmission and nervous network. Nowadays, in vivo patch whole-cell recording technique in combination with other techniques is becoming a common method in the research fields.