Spatial and temporal variation of water clarity in typical reservoirs in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region observed by GF 1-WFV satellite data

Rapidly monitoring regional water quality and the changing trend is of great practical and scientific significance,especially for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region of China where water resources are relatively scarce and inland water bodies are generally small.The remote sensing data of the GF 1 satellite launched in 2013 have characteristics of high spatial and temporal resolution,which can be used for the dynamic monitoring of the water environment in small lakes and reservoirs.However,the water quality remote sensing monitoring model based on the GF 1 satellite data for lakes and reservoirs in BTH is still lacking because of the considerable differences in the optical characteristics of the lakes and reservoirs.In this paper,the typical reservoirs in BTH-Guanting Reservoir,Yuqiao Reservoir,Panjiakou Reservoir,and Daheiting Reservoir are taken as the study areas.In the atmospheric correction of GF 1-WFV,the relative radiation normalized atmospheric correction was adopted after comparing it with other methods,such as 6 S and FLAASH.In the water clarity retrieval,a water color hue angle based model was proposed and outperformed other available published models,with the R 2 of 0.74 and MRE of 31.7%.The clarity products of the four typical reservoirs in the BTH region in 2013-2019 were produced using the GF 1-WFV data.Based on the products,temporal and spatial changes in clarity were analyzed,and the main influencing factors for each water body were discussed.It was found that the clarity of Guanting,Daheiting,and Panjiakou reservoirs showed an upward trend during this period,while that of Yuqiao Reservoir showed a downward trend.In the influencing factors,the water level of the water bodies can be an important factor related to the water clarity changes in this region.

The Influence of Vulnerable Narcissism on Social Anxiety among Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Self-Concept Clarity and Self-Esteem

Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxiety in adolescents, specificallyfocusing on the mediating effects of self-concept clarity (SCC) and self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between vulnerablenarcissism and social anxiety. Through cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 982 students from threesecondary schools in two provinces. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealedthat there was a significant negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and both self-concept clarity and self-esteem,while there was a significant positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. Additionally, self-conceptclarity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem but had a negative correlation with social anxiety. Both selfconceptclarity and self-esteem played an intermediary role in the chain linking vulnerable narcissism to social anxiety. Thisstudy confirms the mediating role of both self-concept clarity and self-esteem in explaining how vulnerable narcissisminfluences social anxiety, providing valuable insights into its underlying mechanism.

CLARITY技术及其在生物学研究中的应用进展

CLARITY技术是近年出现的使器官组织透明化的实验技术,对完整器官组织实现透明化后,应用免疫组化染色,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜扫描下实现研究对象的三维成像,目前已被广泛应用于神经系统的实验研究。本文就CLARITY技术的应用现状及其展望作一总结。

CLARITY-TIMI 28和COMMIT/CCS-2研究简介

动脉粥样硬化血栓栓塞所导致的疾病是世界上最大的致命性杀手.由赛诺菲-安万特集团出资,在全球开展了两项研究CLARITY-TIMI 28(CLopidogrel as Adjunctive ReperfusIon Therapy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Study 28)和COMMIT/CCS-2(C1Opidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial),这项两项重要临床研究结果在2005年3月第54届美国心脏病学会(ACC)年会上公布.应法国赛诺菲-安万特集团中国公司的邀请,著名心血管专家胡大一教授和Braunwald博士2005年3月25日在北京对有关媒体通报ACC年会上发表的CLARITY-TIMI28和COMMIT/CCS-2重要临床研究结果进行通报,结果显示:抗血小板药物氯吡格雷(75mg每日1次)联合标准治疗对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)[(ST段抬高AMI(STE-AMI)]的患者显著有益.两项重大临床研究共包括了近50000名患者.

采用常规电泳设备建立CLARITY透明脑技术

目的:CLARITY是一种全新的组织形态学研究技术,在脑结构与功能研究中具有重要用途。探讨能否采用常规电泳设备开展该项技术。方法:从ICR雌性小鼠取得新鲜脑组织,依次进行多聚甲醛组织固定、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶包埋、SDS电泳洗涤,通过拍照记录结果。结果:多聚甲醛固定和水凝胶包埋后的脑组织呈乳白色,柔软富有弹性;电泳洗涤后的脑组织从周边开始逐渐透明化,至洗涤第10 d时呈现均匀的半透明状态,可用于三维神经网络原位分析。结论:研究结果为采用常规电泳设备开展CLARITY技术提供了基础数据。

CLARITY组织透明化技术在蜜蜂肠道组织上的运用

【目的】以西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera工蜂肠道为例探究组织透明化技术--丙烯酰胺交联替换脂质透明硬化成像/免疫染色/原位杂交兼容组织水凝胶(clear lipid-exchanged acrylamide-hybridized rigid imaging/immunostaining/in situ hybridization-compatible tissue-hYdrogel, CLARITY)在昆虫组织上的应用,确定CLARITY与荧光原位杂交(FISH)相结合在昆虫肠道组织透明化中的适用性。【方法】依照CLARITY技术操作程序,用水凝胶固定西方蜜蜂肠道,并以被动方式透明化,再用靶向东方蜜蜂微孢子虫Nosema ceranae 16S rRNA带异硫氰酸荧光素(fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC)标记和靶向真核细胞18S rRNA带Texas RED标记的寡核苷酸荧光探针进行肠道组织的荧光原位杂交,然后用DAPI(蓝色)进行细胞核复染,通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察透明化的染色组织。【结果】首次成功将西方蜜蜂肠道组织透明化。在激光共聚焦显微镜下,观察到马氏管的原始分布形态,以及东方蜜蜂微孢子虫在中肠末端分布更密集的空间分布特征,并实现了对肠道组织的3D重构。【结论】CLARITY能应用于蜜蜂肠道组织透明化,透明化组织能进行原位杂交和激光共聚焦观察。CLARITY和FISH相结合免除抗体制备和石蜡切片的麻烦,直观展示肠道内部的真实状态,为昆虫生理病理研究提供了一种可靠特异的标记方法。

ADDITIVE-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL CLARITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL

The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide afforded hydrogelsdisplaying high levels of light scattering (poor optical clarity). Enhancement of the optical clarity within a polyacrylamide(PAm) hydrogel was accomplished through the implementation of 'refractive index matching'. Water-soluble additives wereutilised to better match the refractive index inhomogeneities throughout a given hydrogel. This resulted in lower lightscattering within the system and hence improved clarity. Amino acids, sugars, polymers, and other water-soluble additivessuch as glycerol were investigated by this methodology. Most additives investigaed displayed potential for effectivelyreducing the light scattering within a PAm hydrogel as a function of increased additive concentration. On increasing therefractive index of the water medium, the overall refractive index of a PAm hydrogel was also observed to increase. Thisprovided a quantitative means of determining the effectiveness of a given additive for improving the optical clarity within ahydrogel.

CLARITY技术在小鼠急性肾损伤模型中的应用

目的基于小鼠急性肾损伤模型探讨CLARITY技术在病理诊断中应用的价值。方法将24只昆明小鼠随机均分为实验组和对照组,每组(各12只)分别建立左侧输尿管完全梗阻模型,0d、2d、4d、6d后每次取3只实验组小鼠进行透明化处理,对照组行常规HE染色。联合应用肉眼观察法、激光共聚焦显微镜观察法和常规显微镜观察法检测肾脏组织的形态学改变。采用TissueFAXS^(TM) Cytometry组织细胞定量分析系统对共聚焦显微镜二维图片中的肾小管上皮细胞数量和肾小管管腔面积进行定量分析。结果肉眼观梗阻侧肾脏,随着时间延长,肾体积增大、充血、水肿,肾盂和输尿管扩张,肾实质结构逐渐萎缩,肾盏融合,肾皮质开始变薄;实验组和对照组均观察到肾脏梗阻后肾小管上皮细胞扁平化、扩张,随着梗阻时间延长,逐渐出现肾小管萎缩消失、组织结构破坏,典型形态消失,纤维结缔组织增生,肾脏出现纤维化;实验组采用激光共聚焦显微镜扫描发现同一个组织的不同层面肾小管上皮细胞数量和肾小管管腔面积分布明显不同。结论透明化技术可观察急性肾损伤后肾脏不同组织层面的病理改变,比HE染色的二维层面提供更多的信息,在病理学和形态学研究领域有较高的应用价值。

Steady increase in water clarity in Jiaozhou Bay in the Yellow Sea from 2000 to 2018:Observations from MODIS

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)surface reflectance data were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water clarity(Z_(sd))in the Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China,in the Yellow Sea from 2000 to 2018.Z_(sd)retrieval models were regionally optimized using in-situ data with coincident MODIS images,and then were used to retrieve the Z_(sd) products in Jiaozhou Bay from 2000-2018.The analysis of the Z_(sd) results suggests that the spatial distribution of relative Z_(sd) spatial characteristics in Jiaozhou Bay was stable,being higher Z_(sd) in the southeast and a lower Z_(sd) in the northwest.The annual mean Z_(sd) in Jiaozhou Bay showed a significant upward trend,with an annual increase of approximately 0.02 m.Water depth and wind speed were important factors affecting the spatial distribution and annual variation of Z_(sd) in Jiaozhou Bay,respectively.

The Relationship between College Graduate’s Dual Self-Consciousness and Job Search Clarity: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between college graduates’dual self-consciousness,job search clarity and perceived stress,and reveal the mediating role of perceived stress between dual self-consciousness and job search clarity.In this study,467 college graduates were investigated using the Dual Self-Consciousness Scale,Job Search Clarity Scale,and Perceived Stress Scale.After controlling for gender,age,and region,the results revealed that:(1)private self-consciousness has a significant positive predictive effect on job search clarity;(2)perceived stress has a significant negative predictive effect on job search clarity;(3)perceived stress plays partial mediation effects between private self-consciousness and job search clarity;(4)perceived stress plays complete mediation effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity;(5)perceived stress has suppressing effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity.

利用CLARITY技术实现珊瑚组织透明化的初步探索

利用CLARITY技术将Xenia umbellata和Xenia elongata两种珊瑚透明化,可清晰地观察到珊瑚的水螅体及消化腔,同时观察到这两种形态差异较大的珊瑚有排列相似的刺细胞。该研究有望通过CLARITY技术实现珊瑚组织成像的初步探索,为后续对珊瑚或其他腔肠动物的研究提供一种新方法。

A Complete Analysis of Clarity(C50)Using I-SIMPA to Maintain Ideal Conditions in an Acoustic Chamber

In any closed environment considered,it can be seen that the acoustic parameters are inherently not constant over the entire area considered.In a closed environment,it is ideally preferred to maintain the acoustic parameters as constant so that there exists better quality of sound leading to better auditory perception with respect to the audience.Practically,some of the acoustic parameters like reverberation time and clarity do not strictly pertain to the pattern obtained theoretically.In this paper,simulations are carried out using I-SIMPA under different values of Sound Transmission Class(STC),source position,distribution and the chamber dimensions and provides an insight into the behaviour of these acoustic parameters and the appropriate values that have to be infused into the system to build the chamber.The acoustic environment is modelled keeping an actual closed room in mind and testing is done with respect to different values of surface absorption coefficients(practically indicated using Sound Transmission Class)and dimensions to determine ideal conditions.

On the Effects of Negative Transfer of Native Language to Business English Correspondence from the Analysis on the Errors Madein Clarity

This paper is an attempt to analyse the role of negative transfer in the acquisition of business English correspondence through the analysis of errors made in learners’writings.The analysis is focused on errors made violating clarity.Through the contrast between those errors and the normative samples,one of the deep-rooted reasons that prohibits learners to make the correspondences be clarified are discovered,which is the negative transfer resulted from different thought patterns affected by the cultural diversities.

Clarity Corresponding to Contrast in Visual Cryptography

The visual quality of the recovered secret image is usually evaluated by contrast in visual cryptography (VC). Precisely, the reconstructed secret image can be recognized as the original secret image when contrast is greater than zero. It is important for the user to know the clarity of the revealed secret image corresponding to different contrast values. In this paper, the clarity corresponding to contrast is investigated through conducting subjective evaluation scores and objective evaluation indexes, which can be extended to general applications.

政策工具视角下残疾人就业政策研究——基于31份国务院政策文本的分析

就业是民生之本,也是残疾人全面发展、融入社会、迈向共同富裕最为直接的路径。残疾人就业政策是促进和推动残疾人事业发展的制度依据。通过内容分析方法,构建政策工具和政策目标两个分析维度,使用Nvivo12plus质性分析软件对31份国务院发布的残疾人就业政策样本进行分析,探讨残疾人就业政策体系的内部逻辑、政策工具分布以及政策工具模糊性的问题。研究发现,残疾人就业政策表现出路径依赖、政策高模糊性和政府主导型的特点。因此,在中国式现代化的语境之下,提出调整政策工具结构、促进政策精细化和落实社会责任三项建议。

“移动透声磁场” MONSTER Clarity 200BT无线蓝牙耳机体验评测

自魔声与Beats分道扬镳后,两者分别发布了不少产品,在耳机系列产品上都给人留下了深刻印象。特别是在涡轮系列机JAZZ发布后,魔声耳机的音质有了大幅提升,但其成本和价格也随之上升。本期《消费电子》评测室就带来了魔声的新款产品——MONSTER Clarity 200BT无线蓝牙耳机。这款耳机无论是音质还是做工都相当不错,且价格亲民,希望可以给想入手耳机的消费者一些参考。

Promoting Clarity

Since retiring from vice presidency of the china International Publishing Group two years ago,Huang Youyi,a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,China’s top political advisory body, has more time to travel around the world and present China to the international community, Huang＇s calendar is crammed with seminars and forums where he helps foreign participants learn more about China.

The Relationship between Visual Satisfaction and Water Clarity and Quality Management in Tourism Fishing Ports

Visual satisfaction of the tourists with a water body is strongly influenced by water clarity, which is in turn influenced by a number of water quality parameters. Visual satisfaction thus stands to benefit from having a water quality management tool that results in better water clarity. A Clarity Suitability Index of Water Quality (CSIWQ), derived from clarity suitability curves of selected water quality parameters, can allow estimation of optimal values for these parameters, while ensuring high visual satisfaction among tourists. The present study used sampling and survey methodologies to investigate water clarity and quality at five tourism fishing ports;simultaneously, tourists’ visual satisfaction with a water body was assessed through a questionnaire based on their perceptions. The relationship between tourists’ visual satisfaction and water clarity was found to be positive and strong, with water clarity having predictive power of 74.2%. The study showed that DO, BOD, TP, and SS were the most critical parameters for water clarity. A continued product approach of CSIWQ was found to be most appropriate for describing the relationship between water clarity and these four parameters. This enabled a CSIWQ Index value to be calculated. With a CSIWQ value of 0.6, water clarity would be more than 2.08 m, and tourists would experience very high satisfaction. CSI curves showed that DO would preferably be 9.0 mg/L, and BOD, TP, and SS less than 0.5 mg/L, 0.12 mg/L, and 45.0 mg/L, respectively. The model thus produced valuable insights for assessing and improving water quality and ensuring high levels of visual satisfaction among tourists in tourism fishing ports. This model identified only four parameters but could be improved by ensuring that other water quality parameters were included, to encourage an increase in the number of tourists and to include monitoring of more pollutant sources.

知识规范的最初规定:感性“清楚明白”——兼论知识论规范性问题之争

知识在本质上是规范的,其规范性不仅体现在当前主流解释的知识的规范性作用上,更根本的是体现在知识规范性内涵上。在逻辑与概念分析之外,从历史中可以发现感性清楚明白是知识自身规范性的第一个内涵规定。这一发现,必将有助于知识规范性诸多难题的新理解。