CLARITY技术及其在生物学研究中的应用进展

CLARITY技术是近年出现的使器官组织透明化的实验技术,对完整器官组织实现透明化后,应用免疫组化染色,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜扫描下实现研究对象的三维成像,目前已被广泛应用于神经系统的实验研究。本文就CLARITY技术的应用现状及其展望作一总结。

CLARITY-TIMI 28和COMMIT/CCS-2研究简介

动脉粥样硬化血栓栓塞所导致的疾病是世界上最大的致命性杀手.由赛诺菲-安万特集团出资,在全球开展了两项研究CLARITY-TIMI 28(CLopidogrel as Adjunctive ReperfusIon Therapy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Study 28)和COMMIT/CCS-2(C1Opidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial),这项两项重要临床研究结果在2005年3月第54届美国心脏病学会(ACC)年会上公布.应法国赛诺菲-安万特集团中国公司的邀请,著名心血管专家胡大一教授和Braunwald博士2005年3月25日在北京对有关媒体通报ACC年会上发表的CLARITY-TIMI28和COMMIT/CCS-2重要临床研究结果进行通报,结果显示:抗血小板药物氯吡格雷(75mg每日1次)联合标准治疗对于急性心肌梗死(AMI)[(ST段抬高AMI(STE-AMI)]的患者显著有益.两项重大临床研究共包括了近50000名患者.

采用常规电泳设备建立CLARITY透明脑技术

目的:CLARITY是一种全新的组织形态学研究技术,在脑结构与功能研究中具有重要用途。探讨能否采用常规电泳设备开展该项技术。方法:从ICR雌性小鼠取得新鲜脑组织,依次进行多聚甲醛组织固定、聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶包埋、SDS电泳洗涤,通过拍照记录结果。结果:多聚甲醛固定和水凝胶包埋后的脑组织呈乳白色,柔软富有弹性;电泳洗涤后的脑组织从周边开始逐渐透明化,至洗涤第10 d时呈现均匀的半透明状态,可用于三维神经网络原位分析。结论:研究结果为采用常规电泳设备开展CLARITY技术提供了基础数据。

Steady increase in water clarity in Jiaozhou Bay in the Yellow Sea from 2000 to 2018:Observations from MODIS

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)surface reflectance data were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water clarity(Z_(sd))in the Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao,China,in the Yellow Sea from 2000 to 2018.Z_(sd)retrieval models were regionally optimized using in-situ data with coincident MODIS images,and then were used to retrieve the Z_(sd) products in Jiaozhou Bay from 2000-2018.The analysis of the Z_(sd) results suggests that the spatial distribution of relative Z_(sd) spatial characteristics in Jiaozhou Bay was stable,being higher Z_(sd) in the southeast and a lower Z_(sd) in the northwest.The annual mean Z_(sd) in Jiaozhou Bay showed a significant upward trend,with an annual increase of approximately 0.02 m.Water depth and wind speed were important factors affecting the spatial distribution and annual variation of Z_(sd) in Jiaozhou Bay,respectively.

ADDITIVE-INDUCED ENHANCEMENT OF OPTICAL CLARITY OF POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGEL

The aqueous polymerization of acrylamide and crosslinking with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide afforded hydrogelsdisplaying high levels of light scattering (poor optical clarity). Enhancement of the optical clarity within a polyacrylamide(PAm) hydrogel was accomplished through the implementation of 'refractive index matching'. Water-soluble additives wereutilised to better match the refractive index inhomogeneities throughout a given hydrogel. This resulted in lower lightscattering within the system and hence improved clarity. Amino acids, sugars, polymers, and other water-soluble additivessuch as glycerol were investigated by this methodology. Most additives investigaed displayed potential for effectivelyreducing the light scattering within a PAm hydrogel as a function of increased additive concentration. On increasing therefractive index of the water medium, the overall refractive index of a PAm hydrogel was also observed to increase. Thisprovided a quantitative means of determining the effectiveness of a given additive for improving the optical clarity within ahydrogel.

CLARITY技术在小鼠急性肾损伤模型中的应用

目的基于小鼠急性肾损伤模型探讨CLARITY技术在病理诊断中应用的价值。方法将24只昆明小鼠随机均分为实验组和对照组,每组(各12只)分别建立左侧输尿管完全梗阻模型,0d、2d、4d、6d后每次取3只实验组小鼠进行透明化处理,对照组行常规HE染色。联合应用肉眼观察法、激光共聚焦显微镜观察法和常规显微镜观察法检测肾脏组织的形态学改变。采用TissueFAXS^(TM) Cytometry组织细胞定量分析系统对共聚焦显微镜二维图片中的肾小管上皮细胞数量和肾小管管腔面积进行定量分析。结果肉眼观梗阻侧肾脏,随着时间延长,肾体积增大、充血、水肿,肾盂和输尿管扩张,肾实质结构逐渐萎缩,肾盏融合,肾皮质开始变薄;实验组和对照组均观察到肾脏梗阻后肾小管上皮细胞扁平化、扩张,随着梗阻时间延长,逐渐出现肾小管萎缩消失、组织结构破坏,典型形态消失,纤维结缔组织增生,肾脏出现纤维化;实验组采用激光共聚焦显微镜扫描发现同一个组织的不同层面肾小管上皮细胞数量和肾小管管腔面积分布明显不同。结论透明化技术可观察急性肾损伤后肾脏不同组织层面的病理改变,比HE染色的二维层面提供更多的信息,在病理学和形态学研究领域有较高的应用价值。

A Complete Analysis of Clarity(C50)Using I-SIMPA to Maintain Ideal Conditions in an Acoustic Chamber

In any closed environment considered,it can be seen that the acoustic parameters are inherently not constant over the entire area considered.In a closed environment,it is ideally preferred to maintain the acoustic parameters as constant so that there exists better quality of sound leading to better auditory perception with respect to the audience.Practically,some of the acoustic parameters like reverberation time and clarity do not strictly pertain to the pattern obtained theoretically.In this paper,simulations are carried out using I-SIMPA under different values of Sound Transmission Class(STC),source position,distribution and the chamber dimensions and provides an insight into the behaviour of these acoustic parameters and the appropriate values that have to be infused into the system to build the chamber.The acoustic environment is modelled keeping an actual closed room in mind and testing is done with respect to different values of surface absorption coefficients(practically indicated using Sound Transmission Class)and dimensions to determine ideal conditions.

The Relationship between College Graduate’s Dual Self-Consciousness and Job Search Clarity: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress

The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between college graduates’dual self-consciousness,job search clarity and perceived stress,and reveal the mediating role of perceived stress between dual self-consciousness and job search clarity.In this study,467 college graduates were investigated using the Dual Self-Consciousness Scale,Job Search Clarity Scale,and Perceived Stress Scale.After controlling for gender,age,and region,the results revealed that:(1)private self-consciousness has a significant positive predictive effect on job search clarity;(2)perceived stress has a significant negative predictive effect on job search clarity;(3)perceived stress plays partial mediation effects between private self-consciousness and job search clarity;(4)perceived stress plays complete mediation effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity;(5)perceived stress has suppressing effects between public self-consciousness and job search clarity.

利用CLARITY技术实现珊瑚组织透明化的初步探索

利用CLARITY技术将Xenia umbellata和Xenia elongata两种珊瑚透明化,可清晰地观察到珊瑚的水螅体及消化腔,同时观察到这两种形态差异较大的珊瑚有排列相似的刺细胞。该研究有望通过CLARITY技术实现珊瑚组织成像的初步探索,为后续对珊瑚或其他腔肠动物的研究提供一种新方法。

Clarity Corresponding to Contrast in Visual Cryptography

The visual quality of the recovered secret image is usually evaluated by contrast in visual cryptography (VC). Precisely, the reconstructed secret image can be recognized as the original secret image when contrast is greater than zero. It is important for the user to know the clarity of the revealed secret image corresponding to different contrast values. In this paper, the clarity corresponding to contrast is investigated through conducting subjective evaluation scores and objective evaluation indexes, which can be extended to general applications.

“移动透声磁场” MONSTER Clarity 200BT无线蓝牙耳机体验评测

自魔声与Beats分道扬镳后,两者分别发布了不少产品,在耳机系列产品上都给人留下了深刻印象。特别是在涡轮系列机JAZZ发布后,魔声耳机的音质有了大幅提升,但其成本和价格也随之上升。本期《消费电子》评测室就带来了魔声的新款产品——MONSTER Clarity 200BT无线蓝牙耳机。这款耳机无论是音质还是做工都相当不错,且价格亲民,希望可以给想入手耳机的消费者一些参考。

Promoting Clarity

Since retiring from vice presidency of the china International Publishing Group two years ago,Huang Youyi,a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference,China’s top political advisory body, has more time to travel around the world and present China to the international community, Huang＇s calendar is crammed with seminars and forums where he helps foreign participants learn more about China.

Application of Tranexamic Acid in Shoulder Arthroscopic Surgery:A Randomised Controlled Trial

Objective To explore the optimal administration route of tranexamic acid(TXA)in shoulder arthroscopic surgery.Methods Patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair were randomly divided into four groups:control group(without TXA treatment),intravenous group(TXA was intravenously administered 10 minutes before surgery),irrigation group(TXA was added to the irrigation fluid during subacromial decompression and acromioplasty),and intravenous plus irrigation group(TXA was applied both intravenously and via intra-articular irrigation).The primary outcome was visual clarity assessed with visual analog scale(VAS)score,and the secondary outcomes included irrigation fluid consumption and time to subacromial decompression and acromioplasty procedure.Results There were 134 patients enrolled in the study,including 33 in the control group,35 in the intravenous group,32 in the irrigation group,and 34 in the intravenous plus irrigation group.The median and interquartile range of VAS scores for the intravenous,irrigation,and intravenous plus irrigation groups were 2.70(2.50,2.86)(Z=-3.677,P=0.002),2.67(2.50,2.77)(Z=-3.058,P<0.001),and 2.91(2.75,3.00)(Z=-6.634,P<0.001),respectively,significantly higher than that of the control group[2.44(2.37,2.53)].Moreover,the control group consumed more irrigation fluid than the intravenous group,irrigation group,and intravenous plus irrigation group(all P<0.05).The intravenous plus irrigation group consumed less irrigation fluid than either the intravenous group or the irrigation group(both P<0.001).There was no difference in subacromial decompression and acromioplasty operative time among the four groups.Conclusion TXA applied both topically and systematically can improve intraoperative visual clarity,and the combined application is more effective.

Mastering the craft:Creating an insightful and widely-cited literature review

The art of constructing an insightful literature review manuscript has witnessed an exemplar in the work of Oz et al(2023),wherein concept progression harmoniously merges with figures and tables.Reflecting on retrospective data science,it is evident that well-cited articles can wield a transformative influence on the Journal Citation Reports Impact Factor score,as exemplified by Robert Weinberg’s landmark on cancer(Hanahan and Weinberg,2011).Here,we aim to spotlight a commendable contribution by Tuba Oz,Ajeet Kaushik,and Małgorzata Kujawska in this issue while pivoting towards identifying the hallmarks of a subpar literature review-elements that hinder rather than promote advancement.The hurdles and roadblocks encountered within subpar literature reviews are multifold.Anticipation of emerging trends,identification of challenges,and exploration of solutions remain conspicuously absent.Original Contributions fail to surface amidst the vast sea of pre-existing literature,with noticeable gaps amplified by the lack of illustrative figures and tables.The manuscript,at times,assumes a skeletal form,reflecting an attempt to accommodate an excess of references,leading to convoluted sentences laden with citations.In contrast,a potent solution lies in adopting a comprehensive approach.A nuanced and critical evaluation of sources can culminate in a robust discussion,surpassing the mere summarization of conclusions drawn by others.This approach,often dismissed,holds the potential to elevate clarity,coherence,and logical flow,ultimately inviting engaged readership and coveted citations.The critical necessity of integrating visionary insights is underscored and achieved through a rigorous analysis of pivotal concepts and innovative ideas.Examples can be harnessed to elucidate the application of these solutions.We advocate a paradigm shift,urging literature review writers to embrace the readers’perspective.A literature review’s purpose extends beyond providing a comprehensive panorama;it should illuminate avenues for concept development within a specific field of interest.By achieving this balance,literature reviews stand to captivate a devoted readership,paving the way for manuscripts that are both widely read and frequently cited.The pathway forward requires a fusion of astute analysis and visionary insights,shaping the future of literature review composition.

井中激发极化法在金属矿产勘查中的应用

井中物探工作在深部找矿工作中,尤其是在已知矿区深部和外围找矿工作中是一种重要且有效的勘探方法,本文通过使用加拿大Clarity 3D系统在铜锌金属矿区开展井中激发极化勘探工作,从装置的选取、数据的处理、3D可视化解译地下异常体的形态特征等多方面对该方法做出详细阐述,以此介绍了井中激发极化法在金属矿山深部找矿中圈定靶区和选取目标等方向具有广阔的应用前景。

Cadence先进封装EDA工具高效赋能CoWoS-S硅中介层设计和签核

随着摩尔定律的放缓,通过制程微缩来提高芯片性能越来越难,基于芯粒集成的先进封装方案的重要性随之日益显现。尤其是在一些高算力芯片产品的设计上,采用芯粒集成已逐渐成为设计者们一个绕不开的性能提高手段。在2.5D先进封装方案中,CoWoS-S(chip on wafer on substrate)封装因其高带宽、低延迟及丰富的成功量产案例而被广泛应用于片上系统芯片(SoC-system on chip)与高带宽内存(HBM-high bandwidth memory)的互连。然而,在CoWoS-S技术的硅中介层设计过程中,设计人员将面临严苛的信号完整性与电源完整性的综合挑战。为了解决这些挑战,Cadence作为EDA领域的创新者和领导者,开发了完整的EDA解决方案,以协助设计人员完成硅中介层的设计及签核任务。本文将介绍如何利用Cadence EDA解决方案来高效率地实现CoWoS-S硅中介层的设计与签核,内容聚焦于大电流区域的电源完整性设计以及HBM互连区域的信号完整性设计。

The Influence of Vulnerable Narcissism on Social Anxiety among Adolescents:The Mediating Role of Self-Concept Clarity and Self-Esteem

Social anxiety (SA) is a prevalent mental health issue among adolescents, and vulnerable narcissism (VN) can exacerbate thiscondition. This study aims to investigate the impact of vulnerable narcissism on social anxiety in adolescents, specificallyfocusing on the mediating effects of self-concept clarity (SCC) and self-esteem (SE) in the relationship between vulnerablenarcissism and social anxiety. Through cluster sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 982 students from threesecondary schools in two provinces. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results revealedthat there was a significant negative correlation between vulnerable narcissism and both self-concept clarity and self-esteem,while there was a significant positive correlation between vulnerable narcissism and social anxiety. Additionally, self-conceptclarity showed a significant positive correlation with self-esteem but had a negative correlation with social anxiety. Both selfconceptclarity and self-esteem played an intermediary role in the chain linking vulnerable narcissism to social anxiety. Thisstudy confirms the mediating role of both self-concept clarity and self-esteem in explaining how vulnerable narcissisminfluences social anxiety, providing valuable insights into its underlying mechanism.

透明脑实验体系的建立与实践

CLARITY透明脑实验是动物组织形态研究中的一项前沿技术,如何在本科生教学中开设还少有经验。根据教学实验室条件,对该项技术的实验方法、技术流程进行了一定的改进,使之适合于本科生教学。通过教学实践,培养了学生的综合学习能力和前沿实验技能。

双相水凝胶组织固定联合脂肪酶浸泡对小鼠肝组织透明化的影响

目的:探讨双相水凝胶组织固定联合脂肪酶浸泡对小鼠肝组织透明化的影响。方法:取10只昆明小鼠的肝组织,利用双相水凝胶进行固定,切取1mm厚的肝组织10片,将其随机分为十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)组和SDS+脂肪酶组。SDS组采用SDS清除液进行被动脂质清除9d,SDS+脂肪酶组先采用SDS清除液被动脂质清除5d,随后浸泡于脂肪酶溶液中4d。两组于清除前、清除后第1天至第9天均进行透明灰度值测定,于脂质清除完毕后予以细胞核DAPI染色检测标记深度。结果:在被动脂质清除过程中,第1天至第5天肝组织薄片的透明灰度值逐渐提升,但之后肝组织片清除速度缓慢,在第10天的清除仍然是不透明的;在第7、第9天,两组相对透明灰度值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);SDS+脂肪酶组DAPI染色深度达115μm,而SDS组DAPI染色深度达60μm,SDS+脂肪酶组DAPI渗透深度是SDS组的1.92倍。结论:双相水凝胶组织固定联合脂肪酶浸泡脂质清除技术可以快速实现小鼠肝组织透明化,为肝组织生物学研究提供技术支持。