Recently,convolutional neural network(CNN)-based visual inspec-tion has been developed to detect defects on building surfaces automatically.The CNN model demonstrates remarkable accuracy in image data analysis;however...Recently,convolutional neural network(CNN)-based visual inspec-tion has been developed to detect defects on building surfaces automatically.The CNN model demonstrates remarkable accuracy in image data analysis;however,the predicted results have uncertainty in providing accurate informa-tion to users because of the“black box”problem in the deep learning model.Therefore,this study proposes a visual explanation method to overcome the uncertainty limitation of CNN-based defect identification.The visual repre-sentative gradient-weights class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)method is adopted to provide visually explainable information.A visualizing evaluation index is proposed to quantitatively analyze visual representations;this index reflects a rough estimate of the concordance rate between the visualized heat map and intended defects.In addition,an ablation study,adopting three-branch combinations with the VGG16,is implemented to identify perfor-mance variations by visualizing predicted results.Experiments reveal that the proposed model,combined with hybrid pooling,batch normalization,and multi-attention modules,achieves the best performance with an accuracy of 97.77%,corresponding to an improvement of 2.49%compared with the baseline model.Consequently,this study demonstrates that reliable results from an automatic defect classification model can be provided to an inspector through the visual representation of the predicted results using CNN models.展开更多
Existing image captioning models usually build the relation between visual information and words to generate captions,which lack spatial infor-mation and object classes.To address the issue,we propose a novel Position...Existing image captioning models usually build the relation between visual information and words to generate captions,which lack spatial infor-mation and object classes.To address the issue,we propose a novel Position-Class Awareness Transformer(PCAT)network which can serve as a bridge between the visual features and captions by embedding spatial information and awareness of object classes.In our proposal,we construct our PCAT network by proposing a novel Grid Mapping Position Encoding(GMPE)method and refining the encoder-decoder framework.First,GMPE includes mapping the regions of objects to grids,calculating the relative distance among objects and quantization.Meanwhile,we also improve the Self-attention to adapt the GMPE.Then,we propose a Classes Semantic Quantization strategy to extract semantic information from the object classes,which is employed to facilitate embedding features and refining the encoder-decoder framework.To capture the interaction between multi-modal features,we propose Object Classes Awareness(OCA)to refine the encoder and decoder,namely OCAE and OCAD,respectively.Finally,we apply GMPE,OCAE and OCAD to form various combinations and to complete the entire PCAT.We utilize the MSCOCO dataset to evaluate the performance of our method.The results demonstrate that PCAT outperforms the other competitive methods.展开更多
Higher vocational college students are suffering more foreign language anxiety in their English learning.Based on this status quo,the writer poses some pedagogical implication from the perspectives of how to create de...Higher vocational college students are suffering more foreign language anxiety in their English learning.Based on this status quo,the writer poses some pedagogical implication from the perspectives of how to create delightful class atmosphere and reduce students' foreign language anxiety.It is hoped that the findings will help students more effectively learn foreign language.展开更多
Education in the new era advocates taking students as the main body and improving students’core literacy on this basis.Subjectivity has also become one of the keys to quality education.Primary school is not only the ...Education in the new era advocates taking students as the main body and improving students’core literacy on this basis.Subjectivity has also become one of the keys to quality education.Primary school is not only the initial stage of life,but also the key period to develop students’subjectivity.At present,there are many problems in class activities,such as the weak concept of taking students as the main body,the lack of subject consciousness among students,the flawed construction system of class activities,the unreasonable evaluation system of class activities,and so on.By establishing the role-playing model under the background of“class activity month,”students can play different roles in class activities and participate in various links,such as theme selection,scheme design,organization,implementation,summary,and evaluation of class activities.Through this process,it does not only improve the quality of class activities,but also cultivate students’subject consciousness and ability in a certain subject,thus highlighting their subject status in class activities.展开更多
Class attendance is important.Class attendance recording is often done using“roll-call”or signing attendance registers.These are time consuming,easy to cheat,and it is difficult to draw any information from them.The...Class attendance is important.Class attendance recording is often done using“roll-call”or signing attendance registers.These are time consuming,easy to cheat,and it is difficult to draw any information from them.There are other,expensive alternatives to automate attendance recording with varying accuracy.This study experimented with a smartphone camera and different combinations of face detection and recognition algorithms to determine if it can be used to record attendance successfully,while keeping the solution cost-effective.The effect of different class sizes was also investigated.The research was done within a pragmatism philosophy,using a prototype in a field experiment.The algorithms that were used are Viola–Jones(Haar features),deep neural network and histogram of oriented gradients for detection,and eigenfaces,fisherfaces,and local binary pattern histogram for recognition.The best combination was Viola–Jones combined with fisherfaces,with a mean accuracy of 54%for a class of 10 students and 34.5%for a class of 22 students.The best all over performance on a single class photo was 70%(class size 10).As is,this prototype is not accurate enough to use,but with a few adjustments,it may become a cheap,easy-to-implement solution to the attendance recording problem.展开更多
In this article, we give an operator transform T （＊） from class A operator to the class of hyponormal operators. It is different from the operator transform T defined by M. Ch and T. Yamazaki. Then, we show that σ...In this article, we give an operator transform T （＊） from class A operator to the class of hyponormal operators. It is different from the operator transform T defined by M. Ch and T. Yamazaki. Then, we show that σ（T ） = σ（ T （＊）） and σa（T ）／{0} = σa（ T （＊））／{0}, in case T belongs to class A. Next, we obtain some relations between T and T （9）.展开更多
The class A scavenger receptor, encoded by the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 （MSR1） gene, is a pattern recognition receptor （PPR） primarily expressed in macrophages. It has been reported that genetic polymorphis...The class A scavenger receptor, encoded by the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 （MSR1） gene, is a pattern recognition receptor （PPR） primarily expressed in macrophages. It has been reported that genetic polymorphisms of MSR1 are significantly associated with the number of diseased vessels and coronary artery narrowing greater than 20% in Caucasians. However, whether it links genetically to coronary artery disease （CAD） in Chinese is not defined. Here, we performed an independent case-control study in a Chinese population consisting of 402 CAD cases and 400 controls by genotyping ten single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of MSR1. We found that rs416748 and rs13306541 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD with per allele odds ratio （OR） of 1.56 [95% confidence interval （CI） = 1.28-1.90; P 〈 0.001] and 1.70 （95% CI = 1.27-2.27; P 〈 0.001）, re- spectively. Our results indicate that genetic variants of MSR1 may serve as predictive markers for the risk of CAD / in combination with traditional risk factors of CAD in Chinese population.展开更多
Zhou Dan, an articulate lawyer, led a semi-secret life until recently when he was invited to give a talk to the Homosexual Studies class at Fudan University in Shanghai.
Study on the behaviour and mechanism acoustic communication (AC) in rice planthoppers (RPHs) have been conducted at CNRRI and Hangzhou Applied Acoustic Research Institute since 1986. Researchers have developed techniq...Study on the behaviour and mechanism acoustic communication (AC) in rice planthoppers (RPHs) have been conducted at CNRRI and Hangzhou Applied Acoustic Research Institute since 1986. Researchers have developed techniques for monitoring and playing back the acoustic signal (AS) of RPHs, and have made important breakthroughs in several aspects of AC. The study proved that the stridulating organ is on both sides of the juncture of pterothorax and abdomen of adult RPHs, and the AS were produced by convolution homomorphic system. On the acoustic ana. lysis of ASs, not only was the wavcform of ASs analysed, but also the spectrum of ASs was studied more展开更多
PEOPLE return from a trip to China with adventures, memories and souvenirs. Samuel Fru Asanji has something more： a Chinese father. The Cameroonian, the son of a retired computer engineer in Bamenda, a major city in...PEOPLE return from a trip to China with adventures, memories and souvenirs. Samuel Fru Asanji has something more： a Chinese father. The Cameroonian, the son of a retired computer engineer in Bamenda, a major city in northwest Cameroon, is delighted with his acquisition. ＂Tong Muzi is my Chinese dad.＂ the exuberant 22-year-old said. hugging a shy bespectacled Chinese gentle- man who looked bemused by all this attention. ＂He was my mentor all through my stay. I could wake him up in the middle of the night if I wanted some- thing. He was always there for me.＂展开更多
Body misperception plays an important role in the development of weight and dietary disorders among children and adolescents.A school-based health promotion program(2014-2015)was conducted to promote the school health...Body misperception plays an important role in the development of weight and dietary disorders among children and adolescents.A school-based health promotion program(2014-2015)was conducted to promote the school health education and improve the teenagers'physical health among Chinese children and adolescents.Based on this program,we intended to examine weight status and weight misperception among Chinese children and adolescents and to explore the relationship between weight misperception and lifestyle behaviors.A total of 10708 Chinese children and adolescents in 3rd and 7th grade from Shandong and Qinghai province participated in the program.The participants,dietary and activity patterns were clustered by latent class analysis(LCA).Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between weight perception and demographic factors or dietary and activity patterns.Given the gender-specific difference of children and adolescents,analyses were separately conducted among boys and girls.The total prevalence of weight misperception was 44.50%.Boys,especially those in higher grade and living in wealthier district,were more likely to misperceive body weight.Girls were more likely to overestimate their weight(26.10%)while boys tended to underestimate the weight(28.32%).Three latent dietary and activity patterns including obesogenic pattern,malnourished pattern and healthy pattern were derived.The participants who had weight misperception were more likely to choose unhealthy dietary and exercise activities.The high prevalence of weight misperception was closely related to the unhealthy weight pattern and unhealthy dietary or exercise patterns.Our research found that most children and adolescents failed to perceive their weight correctly and boys tended to underestimate their weight while girls were subjected to overestimation.So,comprehensive intervention programs should focus on improving self-weight awareness,and appropriate guidance should be made to lead the adolescents to more healthy weight pattern.展开更多
Under the background of ‘the Belt and Road’ initiative, the economic cooperation has great potential between China and Russia. The railway accessibility has an important influence on the economic connections of citi...Under the background of ‘the Belt and Road’ initiative, the economic cooperation has great potential between China and Russia. The railway accessibility has an important influence on the economic connections of cities along the railway line. This paper studied the Sino-Russian transnational economic connection based on the railway class accessibility along Trans-Siberian railway(the transnational China railway branch line). The results are as following. First, the railway accessibility of the Chinese nodes is stronger than that of the Russian nodes, which in general displays a tendency of space attenuation from China to the Sino-Russian border, then to Russia. Spatially, the railway accessibility within the study area shows a ‘High East, Low West’ and ‘High South, Low North’ spatial pattern. The railway accessibility of the nodes, which are located at the beginning and end of the railway line, is weaker than those nodes located in the middle of the line. Second, the railway accessibility and external economic connection intensity summation of the nodes show a positive relationship along the railway line. The economic connection intensity summation of different nodes presents obvious regional differentiation. Finally, as economic connection network has evolved, the small world effect of Sino-Russian railway economic connection network becomes strong.展开更多
Objective:To determine the occurrence of class A and class Cβ-Iactamase genes and their cooccurrence in Indian Enterobacteriaceae.Methods:52 third generation cephalosporin resistant isolates were phenotypically detec...Objective:To determine the occurrence of class A and class Cβ-Iactamase genes and their cooccurrence in Indian Enterobacteriaceae.Methods:52 third generation cephalosporin resistant isolates were phenotypically detected by combination disk method and screened by PCR to identify class A and class C typeβ-lactamase genes.Results:Of the 52 isolates,94.2%（49） were found harboring any of the bla<sub>?</sub>,bla<sub>CTX-M</sub>,bla<sub>SHV</sub> and bla<sub>TEM</sub> were present in 82.6%（43/52）, 59.6%（31/52）,and 42.3%（22/52） isolates,respectively.Of the 49 ESBL positive isolates 57.1% （28/49） showed co-occurrence of bla<sub>ampC</sub>with bla<sub>?</sub>.On the contrary,the collection from 2009 showed their co-occurrence in 81.4%isolates.Conclusions:The comparative study shows a downward trend for co-existence of bla<sub>?</sub> with bla<sub>ampC</sub> from 2009 to 2010.Further large scale studies are needed to address the co-occurrence of class A and class Cβ-lactamases in India and the resistance trend occurring over a period of time.展开更多
This paper gives an understanding of PAD-based class acceptance among modern Chinese college students’English learning.It first introduces the brief definition of what the PAD-based class is,as well as the situation ...This paper gives an understanding of PAD-based class acceptance among modern Chinese college students’English learning.It first introduces the brief definition of what the PAD-based class is,as well as the situation of English language learning in present China,especially the learning amongst Chinese college students.And then it focuses on the acceptance of the PADbased class in the English learning of Chinese college students,including the breakthrough of the traditional Chinese classroom teaching mode and the innovation of the PAD-based class among Chinese college students’English learning.展开更多
基金supported by a Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement(KAIA)grant funded by the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,and Transport(Grant 22CTAP-C163951-02).
文摘Recently,convolutional neural network(CNN)-based visual inspec-tion has been developed to detect defects on building surfaces automatically.The CNN model demonstrates remarkable accuracy in image data analysis;however,the predicted results have uncertainty in providing accurate informa-tion to users because of the“black box”problem in the deep learning model.Therefore,this study proposes a visual explanation method to overcome the uncertainty limitation of CNN-based defect identification.The visual repre-sentative gradient-weights class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)method is adopted to provide visually explainable information.A visualizing evaluation index is proposed to quantitatively analyze visual representations;this index reflects a rough estimate of the concordance rate between the visualized heat map and intended defects.In addition,an ablation study,adopting three-branch combinations with the VGG16,is implemented to identify perfor-mance variations by visualizing predicted results.Experiments reveal that the proposed model,combined with hybrid pooling,batch normalization,and multi-attention modules,achieves the best performance with an accuracy of 97.77%,corresponding to an improvement of 2.49%compared with the baseline model.Consequently,this study demonstrates that reliable results from an automatic defect classification model can be provided to an inspector through the visual representation of the predicted results using CNN models.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2021YFB2206200].
文摘Existing image captioning models usually build the relation between visual information and words to generate captions,which lack spatial infor-mation and object classes.To address the issue,we propose a novel Position-Class Awareness Transformer(PCAT)network which can serve as a bridge between the visual features and captions by embedding spatial information and awareness of object classes.In our proposal,we construct our PCAT network by proposing a novel Grid Mapping Position Encoding(GMPE)method and refining the encoder-decoder framework.First,GMPE includes mapping the regions of objects to grids,calculating the relative distance among objects and quantization.Meanwhile,we also improve the Self-attention to adapt the GMPE.Then,we propose a Classes Semantic Quantization strategy to extract semantic information from the object classes,which is employed to facilitate embedding features and refining the encoder-decoder framework.To capture the interaction between multi-modal features,we propose Object Classes Awareness(OCA)to refine the encoder and decoder,namely OCAE and OCAD,respectively.Finally,we apply GMPE,OCAE and OCAD to form various combinations and to complete the entire PCAT.We utilize the MSCOCO dataset to evaluate the performance of our method.The results demonstrate that PCAT outperforms the other competitive methods.
文摘Higher vocational college students are suffering more foreign language anxiety in their English learning.Based on this status quo,the writer poses some pedagogical implication from the perspectives of how to create delightful class atmosphere and reduce students' foreign language anxiety.It is hoped that the findings will help students more effectively learn foreign language.
文摘Education in the new era advocates taking students as the main body and improving students’core literacy on this basis.Subjectivity has also become one of the keys to quality education.Primary school is not only the initial stage of life,but also the key period to develop students’subjectivity.At present,there are many problems in class activities,such as the weak concept of taking students as the main body,the lack of subject consciousness among students,the flawed construction system of class activities,the unreasonable evaluation system of class activities,and so on.By establishing the role-playing model under the background of“class activity month,”students can play different roles in class activities and participate in various links,such as theme selection,scheme design,organization,implementation,summary,and evaluation of class activities.Through this process,it does not only improve the quality of class activities,but also cultivate students’subject consciousness and ability in a certain subject,thus highlighting their subject status in class activities.
文摘Class attendance is important.Class attendance recording is often done using“roll-call”or signing attendance registers.These are time consuming,easy to cheat,and it is difficult to draw any information from them.There are other,expensive alternatives to automate attendance recording with varying accuracy.This study experimented with a smartphone camera and different combinations of face detection and recognition algorithms to determine if it can be used to record attendance successfully,while keeping the solution cost-effective.The effect of different class sizes was also investigated.The research was done within a pragmatism philosophy,using a prototype in a field experiment.The algorithms that were used are Viola–Jones(Haar features),deep neural network and histogram of oriented gradients for detection,and eigenfaces,fisherfaces,and local binary pattern histogram for recognition.The best combination was Viola–Jones combined with fisherfaces,with a mean accuracy of 54%for a class of 10 students and 34.5%for a class of 22 students.The best all over performance on a single class photo was 70%(class size 10).As is,this prototype is not accurate enough to use,but with a few adjustments,it may become a cheap,easy-to-implement solution to the attendance recording problem.
基金supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (208081)Technology and pioneering project in Henan Provice (102300410012)Education Foundation of Henan Province (2007110016, 2008B110006)
文摘In this article, we give an operator transform T （＊） from class A operator to the class of hyponormal operators. It is different from the operator transform T defined by M. Ch and T. Yamazaki. Then, we show that σ（T ） = σ（ T （＊）） and σa（T ）／{0} = σa（ T （＊））／{0}, in case T belongs to class A. Next, we obtain some relations between T and T （9）.
基金supported by the 973 Project of National Basic Research Program (No. 2012CB517503 and 2011CB503903)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81070120)
文摘The class A scavenger receptor, encoded by the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 （MSR1） gene, is a pattern recognition receptor （PPR） primarily expressed in macrophages. It has been reported that genetic polymorphisms of MSR1 are significantly associated with the number of diseased vessels and coronary artery narrowing greater than 20% in Caucasians. However, whether it links genetically to coronary artery disease （CAD） in Chinese is not defined. Here, we performed an independent case-control study in a Chinese population consisting of 402 CAD cases and 400 controls by genotyping ten single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of MSR1. We found that rs416748 and rs13306541 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CAD with per allele odds ratio （OR） of 1.56 [95% confidence interval （CI） = 1.28-1.90; P 〈 0.001] and 1.70 （95% CI = 1.27-2.27; P 〈 0.001）, re- spectively. Our results indicate that genetic variants of MSR1 may serve as predictive markers for the risk of CAD / in combination with traditional risk factors of CAD in Chinese population.
文摘Zhou Dan, an articulate lawyer, led a semi-secret life until recently when he was invited to give a talk to the Homosexual Studies class at Fudan University in Shanghai.
文摘Study on the behaviour and mechanism acoustic communication (AC) in rice planthoppers (RPHs) have been conducted at CNRRI and Hangzhou Applied Acoustic Research Institute since 1986. Researchers have developed techniques for monitoring and playing back the acoustic signal (AS) of RPHs, and have made important breakthroughs in several aspects of AC. The study proved that the stridulating organ is on both sides of the juncture of pterothorax and abdomen of adult RPHs, and the AS were produced by convolution homomorphic system. On the acoustic ana. lysis of ASs, not only was the wavcform of ASs analysed, but also the spectrum of ASs was studied more
文摘PEOPLE return from a trip to China with adventures, memories and souvenirs. Samuel Fru Asanji has something more： a Chinese father. The Cameroonian, the son of a retired computer engineer in Bamenda, a major city in northwest Cameroon, is delighted with his acquisition. ＂Tong Muzi is my Chinese dad.＂ the exuberant 22-year-old said. hugging a shy bespectacled Chinese gentle- man who looked bemused by all this attention. ＂He was my mentor all through my stay. I could wake him up in the middle of the night if I wanted some- thing. He was always there for me.＂
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81573262)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,HUST(No.2016YXZD042).
文摘Body misperception plays an important role in the development of weight and dietary disorders among children and adolescents.A school-based health promotion program(2014-2015)was conducted to promote the school health education and improve the teenagers'physical health among Chinese children and adolescents.Based on this program,we intended to examine weight status and weight misperception among Chinese children and adolescents and to explore the relationship between weight misperception and lifestyle behaviors.A total of 10708 Chinese children and adolescents in 3rd and 7th grade from Shandong and Qinghai province participated in the program.The participants,dietary and activity patterns were clustered by latent class analysis(LCA).Logistic regression analysis was undertaken to explore the relationship between weight perception and demographic factors or dietary and activity patterns.Given the gender-specific difference of children and adolescents,analyses were separately conducted among boys and girls.The total prevalence of weight misperception was 44.50%.Boys,especially those in higher grade and living in wealthier district,were more likely to misperceive body weight.Girls were more likely to overestimate their weight(26.10%)while boys tended to underestimate the weight(28.32%).Three latent dietary and activity patterns including obesogenic pattern,malnourished pattern and healthy pattern were derived.The participants who had weight misperception were more likely to choose unhealthy dietary and exercise activities.The high prevalence of weight misperception was closely related to the unhealthy weight pattern and unhealthy dietary or exercise patterns.Our research found that most children and adolescents failed to perceive their weight correctly and boys tended to underestimate their weight while girls were subjected to overestimation.So,comprehensive intervention programs should focus on improving self-weight awareness,and appropriate guidance should be made to lead the adolescents to more healthy weight pattern.
基金Under the auspices of National Science and Technology Basic Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017FY101303-1)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41571152,41771179)the Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS(No.ZDRW-ZS-2017-4-3-4,ZDBS-SSW-SQC)
文摘Under the background of ‘the Belt and Road’ initiative, the economic cooperation has great potential between China and Russia. The railway accessibility has an important influence on the economic connections of cities along the railway line. This paper studied the Sino-Russian transnational economic connection based on the railway class accessibility along Trans-Siberian railway(the transnational China railway branch line). The results are as following. First, the railway accessibility of the Chinese nodes is stronger than that of the Russian nodes, which in general displays a tendency of space attenuation from China to the Sino-Russian border, then to Russia. Spatially, the railway accessibility within the study area shows a ‘High East, Low West’ and ‘High South, Low North’ spatial pattern. The railway accessibility of the nodes, which are located at the beginning and end of the railway line, is weaker than those nodes located in the middle of the line. Second, the railway accessibility and external economic connection intensity summation of the nodes show a positive relationship along the railway line. The economic connection intensity summation of different nodes presents obvious regional differentiation. Finally, as economic connection network has evolved, the small world effect of Sino-Russian railway economic connection network becomes strong.
基金Partially funded by Department of Science & Technology,Ministry of Science & Technology,Govt.of India under Scientist Project SR/FT/L-111/2006
文摘Objective:To determine the occurrence of class A and class Cβ-Iactamase genes and their cooccurrence in Indian Enterobacteriaceae.Methods:52 third generation cephalosporin resistant isolates were phenotypically detected by combination disk method and screened by PCR to identify class A and class C typeβ-lactamase genes.Results:Of the 52 isolates,94.2%（49） were found harboring any of the bla<sub>?</sub>,bla<sub>CTX-M</sub>,bla<sub>SHV</sub> and bla<sub>TEM</sub> were present in 82.6%（43/52）, 59.6%（31/52）,and 42.3%（22/52） isolates,respectively.Of the 49 ESBL positive isolates 57.1% （28/49） showed co-occurrence of bla<sub>ampC</sub>with bla<sub>?</sub>.On the contrary,the collection from 2009 showed their co-occurrence in 81.4%isolates.Conclusions:The comparative study shows a downward trend for co-existence of bla<sub>?</sub> with bla<sub>ampC</sub> from 2009 to 2010.Further large scale studies are needed to address the co-occurrence of class A and class Cβ-lactamases in India and the resistance trend occurring over a period of time.
文摘This paper gives an understanding of PAD-based class acceptance among modern Chinese college students’English learning.It first introduces the brief definition of what the PAD-based class is,as well as the situation of English language learning in present China,especially the learning amongst Chinese college students.And then it focuses on the acceptance of the PADbased class in the English learning of Chinese college students,including the breakthrough of the traditional Chinese classroom teaching mode and the innovation of the PAD-based class among Chinese college students’English learning.
