A Comparison of Statistics for Assessing Model Invariance in Latent Class Analysis

Latent class analysis (LCA) is a widely used statistical technique for identifying subgroups in the population based upon multiple indicator variables. It has a number of advantages over other unsupervised grouping procedures such as cluster analysis, including stronger theoretical underpinnings, more clearly defined measures of model fit, and the ability to conduct confirmatory analyses. In addition, it is possible to ascertain whether an LCA solution is equally applicable to multiple known groups, using invariance assessment techniques. This study compared the effectiveness of multiple statistics for detecting group LCA invariance, including a chi-square difference test, a bootstrap likelihood ratio test, and several information indices. Results of the simulation study found that the bootstrap likelihood ratio test was the optimal invariance assessment statistic. In addition to the simulation, LCA group invariance assessment was demonstrated in an application with the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Implications of the simulation results for practice are discussed.

The Driving Strategy of Online Ideological and Political Class in Universities Based on SWOT Analysis

The epidemic provided practical opportunities for online classes and also tested its drawbacks. To analyze the internal strengths (S) and weaknesses (W) as well as the external opportunities (O) and threats (T) of the online ideological and political class with SWOT theory, based on which to explore targeted solutions, is a “symptomatic” approach to improving the quality of the online ideological and political class. The analysis results are as follows: S includes “not limited by time and space”, “comprehensive teaching monitoring data”, “diverse and innovative interactive forms”, and “abundant high-quality teaching resources”. W refers to “increased difficulty in classroom control”, “teachers’ psychological pressure caused by online teaching”, and “limited by hardware conditions”. O means the opportunity provided by the modernization of ideological and political education and epidemics. T indicates external threats, such as limitations from the network and the severe impact of wrong values on the internet. The driving strategy for above case could be “upgrading of online teaching platforms”, “building a teaching team skilled in information technology teaching”, “improving hardware facilities” and “joining forces to confront value crisis”.

Swedish rape offenders——a latent class analysis

Sweden has witnessed an increase in the rates of sexual crimes including rape.Knowledge of who the offenders of these crimes are is therefore of importance for prevention.We aimed to study characteristics of individuals convicted of rape,aggravated rape,attempted rape or attempted aggravated rape(abbreviated rape+),against a woman≥18years of age,in Sweden.By using information from the Swedish Crime Register,offenders between 15 and 60years old convicted of rapeþbetween 2000 and 2015 were included.Information on substance use disorders,previous criminality and psychiatric disorders were retrieved from Swedish population-based registers,and Latent Class Analysis(LCA)was used to identify classes of rapeþoffenders.A total of 3039 offenders were included in the analysis.A major-ity of them were immigrants(n=1800;59.2%)of which a majority(n=1451;47.7%)were born outside of Sweden.The LCA identified two classes:Class A-low offending class(LOC),and Class B—high offending class(HOC).While offenders in the LOC had low rates of previous criminality,psychiatric disorders and substance use disorders,those included in the HOC had high rates of previous criminality,psychiatric disorders and substance use dis-orders.While HOC may be composed by more“traditional”criminals probably known by the police,the LOC may represent individuals not previously known by the police.These two separated classes,as well as our finding in regard to a majority of the offenders being immi-grants,warrants further studies that take into account the contextual characteristics among these offenders.

Needs Analysis of English Culture Background Introduction in Spoken English Classes

With globalization there is an increasing need for spoken English for Chinese college students. However, the situation of the teaching system of spoken English in most universities in China is not satisfactory. Influenced by the exam-oriented teaching system, great importance has been put on English grammar and the skills of reading and writing. As a result, students'enthusiasm in improving their spoken English is diminished. Actually, students need some knowledge about English culture background before they can communicate effectively. It is significant for teachers to find out the students'wants and lacks during their spoken English study. Besides, attentions should be paid to English culture background in spoken English classes by both teachers and students. This paper mainly aimed at finding out the needs of students for English culture background in spoken English classes based on the theory of needs analysis.

Prevalence of angle class III malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: This study seeks to review current and relevant literature on global Angle class III malocclusion prevalence. Materials and Methods: The electronic databases PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review were searched using specific inclusion criteria to obtain applicable articles. All pertinent references were also examined for acceptability. Results: A total of 20 articles were identified using the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of Angle class III malocclusion ranged from 0 to 26.7% in different populations reported in the literature examined. Meta-regression analysis showed no statistically significant association between prevalence rates and the method of assessment, age group and year of the study. However, much of the study-to-study variation (approximately 40%) could be explained by population. Conclusion: These results suggest that the prevalence of Angle class III malocclusion varies greatly within different races and geographic regions. Chinese and Malaysian populations have a higher prevalence of Angle class III malocclusion compared to other racial groups, while Indian populations have a lower prevalence than all other racial groups examined.

A Gauss-Newton-Based Broyden’s Class Algorithm for Parameters of Regression Analysis

In this paper, a Gauss-Newton-based Broyden’s class method for parameters of regression problems is presented. The global convergence of this given method will be established under suitable conditions. Numerical results show that the proposed method is interesting.

Deep Learning Based Sentiment Analysis of COVID-19 Tweets via Resampling and Label Analysis

Twitter has emerged as a platform that produces new data every day through its users which can be utilized for various purposes.People express their unique ideas and views onmultiple topics thus providing vast knowledge.Sentiment analysis is critical from the corporate and political perspectives as it can impact decision-making.Since the proliferation of COVID-19,it has become an important challenge to detect the sentiment of COVID-19-related tweets so that people’s opinions can be tracked.The purpose of this research is to detect the sentiment of people regarding this problem with limited data as it can be challenging considering the various textual characteristics that must be analyzed.Hence,this research presents a deep learning-based model that utilizes the positives of random minority oversampling combined with class label analysis to achieve the best results for sentiment analysis.This research specifically focuses on utilizing class label analysis to deal with the multiclass problem by combining the class labels with a similar overall sentiment.This can be particularly helpful when dealing with smaller datasets.Furthermore,our proposed model integrates various preprocessing steps with random minority oversampling and various deep learning algorithms including standard deep learning and bi-directional deep learning algorithms.This research explores several algorithms and their impact on sentiment analysis tasks and concludes that bidirectional neural networks do not provide any advantage over standard neural networks as standard Neural Networks provide slightly better results than their bidirectional counterparts.The experimental results validate that our model offers excellent results with a validation accuracy of 92.5%and an F1 measure of 0.92.

江苏省高年资护士共情疲劳的潜在类别分析

目的了解江苏省高年资护士共情疲劳的现状及潜在类别,分析其影响因素,为高年资护士的人本化管理提供参考。方法采用便利抽样法,选取江苏省苏中、苏南、苏北地区护理工作年限≥10年的高年资护士3509人作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、中文版共情疲劳量表及中文版护士工作环境感知量表进行调查。结果高年资护士职业倦怠得分为(24.58±6.50)分,继发性创伤应激得分为(26.80±6.07)分,同情满足得分为(36.57±7.38)分。中度及以上共情疲劳者为2386人(68.0%)。潜在剖面分析显示,共情疲劳分为共情疲劳优势组(32.00%)、中度共情疲劳组(63.12%)和共情疲劳应激组(4.87%)3个潜在类别。logistic回归分析显示,职务、月收入、班次、对工作环境感知是共情疲劳不同潜在类别的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论高年资护士共情疲劳存在3个潜在类别,呈现群体异质性。护理管理者需采用多元化、人本化管理策略,激发高年资护士工作热情,降低共情疲劳水平。

流动老年人口家庭代际关系的类别分析及其与健康状况的关系

目的:探讨我国流动老年人口的家庭代际关系类别及其与健康的相关性。方法:以中国老年社会追踪调查2014~2018数据库中的流动老年人口(60岁及以上且人户分离)为研究对象,从躯体健康(ADL)与认知健康(MMSE)两个维度评估流动老年人口健康状况。采用潜在类别分析法探讨流动老年人口家庭代际关系类别,并以多元线性回归分析揭示不同类别与健康状况的关联。结果:流动老年人口家庭代际关系类别可分为“情感型关系组”(7.6%)、“疏离型关系组”(6.2%)、“紧密型关系组”(39.6%)、“近而有间型关系组”(8.3%)与“接受型关系组”(38.4%)。流动老年人口的躯体健康与认知健康在5种不同代际关系类别上的分布差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。家庭代际关系类别是流动老年人口健康的影响因素,情感型关系组与接受型关系组的流动老年人口躯体健康状况更好(P<0.05),而疏离型关系组的流动老年人口认知健康状况更差(P<0.05)。结论:良好的家庭代际关系能对流动老年人口的躯体健康与认知健康产生积极影响。建议应优化家庭资源分配,提高子代代际支持水平,加强代际情感交流,同时推动家庭责任合理分担,降低家庭对流动老年人口向下代际支持的依赖。

Development and Analysis of a Machine Learning Based Software for Assisting Online Classes during COVID-19

Amid the Covid-19 widespread, it has been challenging for educational institutions to conduct online classes, facing multiples challenges. This paper provides an insight into different approaches in facing those challenges which includes conducting a fair online class for students. It is tough for an instructor to keep track of their students at the same time because it is difficult to screen if any of the understudies within the class are not present, mindful, or drowsing. This paper discusses a possible solution, something new that can offer support to instructors seeing things from a more significant point of view. The solution is a facial analysis computer program that can let instructors know which students are attentive and who is not. There’s a green and red square box for face detection, for which Instructors can watch by seeing a green box on those mindful students conjointly, a red box on those who are not mindful at all. This paper finds that the program can automatically give attendance by analyzing data from face detection. It has other features for which the teacher can also know if any student leaves the class early. In this paper, model design, performance analysis, and online class assistant aspects of the program have been discussed.

地方大学数学类一流课程建设与实践--以临沂大学数学分析课程为例

课程是人才培养的核心要素,课程质量直接决定人才培养质量。数学类课程是大学理工科人才培养的重要支撑,对学生后续学习和发展后劲影响重大,受益面广。该文以临沂大学数学类专业学科基础课程数学分析为例,构建“厚学科基础,强化师资队伍、强化课程思政,优化教学设计、优化教学方法、优化教学考核”的地方大学数学类一流课程建设实践,将师资队伍建设、一流课程建设和教学改革研究紧密结合,在教学质量工程和人才培养等方面取得很好的成效。数学分析课程被教育部认定为首批国家一流课程,建设经验可为数学类专业后继课程和理工科专业高等数学类课程提供重要参考。

腰椎融合术后患者急性疼痛发展轨迹及影响因素

目的探讨开放性腰椎融合术患者急性术后疼痛轨迹的潜在类别,分析不同潜在类别的影响因素,为不同类别患者制定针对性镇痛措施提供依据。方法使用便利抽样法,选取择期开放性腰椎融合术患者251例,在术前1 d收集患者一般资料、疼痛评分及睡眠质量资料。术后分别于全麻清醒并拔除气管导管的0 h、6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d 9个时间点评估患者疼痛程度。采用潜类别增长模型识别急性术后疼痛轨迹的潜在类别,采用无序多分类logistic回归分析急性术后疼痛轨迹潜在类别的影响因素。结果识别出3种急性术后疼痛轨迹,分别为疼痛加剧后缓解组(83例,33.0%),疼痛加剧稳定后反弹组(30例,12.0%),轻度疼痛组(138例,55.0%)。回归分析显示,相对于轻度疼痛组,病程≥10年、高中以下文化程度、手术时间>240 min的患者更容易进入疼痛加剧稳定后反弹组;年龄≤50岁、存在睡眠障碍、术后未使用镇痛泵的患者更容易进入疼痛加剧后缓解组(均P<0.05)。结论开放性腰椎融合手术患者急性术后疼痛呈现不同的发展轨迹,医护人员应根据不同发展轨迹重视年龄≤50岁、病程≥10年、高中以下文化程度、术前有睡眠障碍、手术时间>240 min、术后未使用镇痛泵的患者,给予及时的疼痛评估及针对性干预措施,改善患者术后疼痛程度。

Dialogue Analysis and Its Application in English Language Class

Dialogue is frequently employed as role-play in the classroom activities.Students are encouraged to practice speaking skill in the context of a certain conversation.Conversation tasks in listening exercises also attract various interests in English lessons.This essay aims to analyze the functions of dialogues,followed with the discussion on how to apply the proper dialogues into English classroom,and ending up with the suggestions of some possible activities adopted in English language class.A dialogue cited from Dellar and Walkley(2003,p.125)is used as a sample to interpret in detail.

压力性损伤风险患者居家照顾者认知特征潜在类别分析

目的分析压力性损伤(pressure injure,PI)风险患者居家照顾者认知特征潜在类别及其影响因素,为建立PI网络管理平台提供依据。方法采用目的抽样法选取2021年1-4月就诊于某三甲医院,存在PI风险患者的居家照顾者270例作为研究对象,采用自行设计的“压力性损伤风险患者居家照护能力及需求”问卷进行调查,采用Mplus 8.3软件对PI风险患者居家照顾者认知特征进行潜在类别分析,无序多分类logistic回归探讨不同潜在类别的影响因素。结果PI风险患者居家照顾者特征潜在类别可分为高认知型(21.48%)、中等认知-不均衡型(21.11%)和低认知型(57.41%),无序多分类logistic回归分析显示:照顾者身份、学历、照顾者了解PI相关知识、具有PI护理经验及具备伤口换药能力是PI风险患者照顾者类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论PI风险患者居家照顾者具有3个认知类型,整体认知水平偏低。未来可根据照顾者认知特征,构建PI居家管理网络平台,提供专业、便捷的指导,培养更多的高认知型照护者,以减少院外PI的发生。

中小学生的读物选择:特点分析、功能比较与对策建议

对1311名中小学生进行问卷调查,采用差异检验、潜在类别分析和多元回归分析等方法探讨读物选择与中小学生心理发展之间的关系,结果发现:(1)科幻推理、文学名著和童话故事是中小学生的最爱读物,读物选择有显著的性别差异和学段差异;(2)中小学生读物选择存在两种不同类别:阅读面宽泛组和阅读面狭窄组,大多数中小学生阅读面较为狭窄;(3)读物选择对中小学生的心理发展具有一定的预测功能。研究认为,教育工作者和家长应做好学生读物选择的分类管理,重视激发和维持学生阅读名著的动机,注意扩展学生的阅读领域和知识广度,有效发挥阅读对中小学生健康成长的积极推动作用。

急性白血病患儿行为特征的潜在类别分析及影响因素

目的:利用潜在类别分析法探讨急性白血病患儿行为特征的潜在类别及影响因素,为制定白血病患儿行为问题精准干预策略提出循证依据。方法:便利抽样法选取重庆医科大学附属儿童医院血液科202例急性白血病患儿及其照顾者为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、Rutter儿童行为问卷、一般家庭功能分量表、社会支持评定量表对其进行调查。利用潜在类别分析对急性白血病患儿行为特征进行分类,采用无序多分类logistic回归分析各因素对不同类别的影响。结果:急性白血病患儿行为特征可分为3种类型,其中冲动-不友善型占50%,情绪-躯体障碍型占33.66%,良好行为型占16.34%;无序多分类logistic回归结果显示,不健康的家庭功能、男性患儿易发展为冲动-不友善型,不健康的家庭功能、男性患儿、治疗期易发展为情绪-躯体障碍型,治疗期患儿易发展为情绪-躯体障碍型。结论:急性白血病患儿行为特征存在明显不同的分类特征,与家庭功能、性别、疾病阶段关系密切。因此应针对不同类别特征的急性白血病患儿制定个性化干预措施,预防或减少其行为问题的发生,进而提升其社会适应能力及生存质量。

A Multimodal Analysis of Social Class in College English Textbook

As a required course at higher education level,English has permeated the everyday life of Chinese students from all so-cial backgrounds.Social class,deciding one’s access to various social and educational recourses,has a great influence on thelearning process of college students inside and outside the classroom.However,few studies have placed their focus on social classand college English textbooks.Thus,this paper attempts to adopt a multimodal analysis to find how the speaking tasks in collegeEnglish textbook represents the social identity of Chinese college students and to offer pedagogic implications.

波谱分析一流课程建设与优质教学资源进课堂教学改革探索

一流课程建设是高等学校质量工程建设的中心工作,是保证高等学校人才培养目标实现的重要举措,是促进高校教学改革和提升人才培养质量发展的关键,是高等学校“双一流”建设的核心内容。作者结合主持波谱分析一流课程建设经验,从课程建设历程、一流教材、一流师资、一流教学方法及一流教学管理等方面对波谱分析一流课程建设及优质资源进课堂的做法进行探讨,以期与同行的一流课程建设及优质资源进课堂的教学改革共享。

脓毒症后综合征患者症状特征的潜在类别分析

目的探讨脓毒症后综合征患者症状的潜在类别,并分析不同潜在类别的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样方法,选取2021年1月-7月在福建省某三级甲等综合医院出院的脓毒症患者,患者出院后第3个月通过门诊及电话、微信视频相结合的方式进行问卷调查。对脓毒症后综合征患者的症状特征进行潜在类别分析,并通过单因素分析和多项分类Logistic回归识别其潜在类别的影响因素。结果共纳入347例脓毒症出院患者,其中216例(62.25%)发生脓毒症后综合征,出院后3个月认知障碍发生率为67.12%,焦虑发生率为61.57%,抑郁发生率为51.78%,睡眠障碍发生率为78.70%,日常生活能力障碍发生率为56.48%;脓毒症后综合征患者症状特征分别为“高症状组”(占比25.93%)、“认知要日常生活能力障碍组”(占比32.87%)和“睡眠障碍组”(占比41.20%);有既往史、使用镇痛药物越多归于“高症状组”的概率越大,APACHE域评分越高归于“高症状组”与“认知要日常生活能力障碍组”的概率越大,社会支持水平越高的归于“高症状组”与“认知要日常生活能力障碍组”的概率越小,激素药物使用越多归于“睡眠障碍组”的概率越小。结论脓毒症后综合征患者症状特征可分为“高症状组”“认知要日常生活能力障碍组”“睡眠障碍组”3个潜在类别,既往史、镇痛药物及激素使用、APACHE域评分、社会支持等因素在各潜在类别中存在异质性,可以预测各症状潜在类别的归属。

护生安宁疗护认知能力水平的潜在类别及影响因素分析

目的基于个体为中心的视角探讨本科护生安宁疗护认知能力水平的不同潜在类别及特点,并分析其影响因素,为制定针对性的护理教育提供参考。方法便利选取云南省某医科大学在校护生,于2023年3月至2023年6月,采用一般资料调查表、安宁疗护知识问卷进行横断面调查,应用SPSS、Mplus进行数据分析。结果护生安宁疗护认知能力水平被识别出3个潜在类别,分别命名为安宁疗护高认知能力水平组、一般认知能力水平组、低认知能力水平组,占比分别为28.74%、57.29%、13.97%;护生的性别、民族、居住地、安宁疗护学习和实践经历(有无接触过癌症终末期患者、有无接受过安宁疗护相关的培训)、是否愿意从事安宁疗护相关工作是护生安宁疗护认知能力水平不同潜在类别的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论护生安宁疗护认知能力水平存在3个潜在类别,未接触过癌症终末期患者、未接受过安宁疗护相关的培训、不愿意从事安宁疗护相关工作、居住于农村的男性少数民族护生安宁疗护认知水平较弱。未来学者可根据护生安宁疗护认知能力水平的不同潜在类别的特征制定针对性的培训策略,以提高护生的安宁疗护认知能力水平,为安宁疗护队伍储备人才。