As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in in...As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in increasing the quality, reusability and maintainability of software.With the automatic programming model of software engineering, through the analysis for Z specification language, a feasible semi-automatic way of refinement and transformation is proposed, and the correctness of the procedure is also discussed.展开更多
The torsional impact response of a penny-shaped crack in a nonhomogeneous strip is considered. The shear modulus is assumed to be functionally graded such that the mathematics is tractable. Laplace and Hankel transfor...The torsional impact response of a penny-shaped crack in a nonhomogeneous strip is considered. The shear modulus is assumed to be functionally graded such that the mathematics is tractable. Laplace and Hankel transforms were used to reduce the problem to solving a Fredholm integral equation. The crack tip stress field is obtained by considering the asymptotic behavior of Bessel function. Explicit expressions of both the dynamic stress intensity factor and the energy density factor were derived.And it is shown that, as crack driving force, they are equivalent for the present crack problem. Investigated are the effects of material nonhomogeneity and (strip's) highness on the dynamic fracture behavior. Numerical results reveal that the peak of the dynamic stress intensity factor can be suppressed by increasing the nonhomogeneity parameter of the shear modulus, and that the dynamic behavior varies little with the adjusting of the strip's highness.展开更多
The differential transformation method (DTM) is applied to investigate free vibration of functionally graded beams supported by arbitrary boundary conditions, including various types of elastically end constraints. Th...The differential transformation method (DTM) is applied to investigate free vibration of functionally graded beams supported by arbitrary boundary conditions, including various types of elastically end constraints. The material properties of functionally graded beams are assumed to obey the power law distribution. The main advantages of this method are known for its excellence in high accuracy with small computational expensiveness. The DTM also provides all natural frequencies and mode shapes without any frequency missing. Fundamental frequencies as well as their higher frequencies and mode shapes are presented. The significant aspects such as boundary conditions, values of translational and rotational spring constants and the material volume fraction index on the natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. For elastically end constraints, some available results of special cases for isotropic beams are used to validate the present results. The new frequency results and mode shapes of functionally graded beams resting on elastically end constraints are presented.展开更多
翼型及机翼优化设计中,设计变量的个数对优化算法的收敛速度及代理模型的精度有很大的影响。因此,在精确描述翼型的同时,发展较少设计变量的翼型参数化方法对翼型优化设计有着重要的意义。本文基于CST(class function/shape function tr...翼型及机翼优化设计中,设计变量的个数对优化算法的收敛速度及代理模型的精度有很大的影响。因此,在精确描述翼型的同时,发展较少设计变量的翼型参数化方法对翼型优化设计有着重要的意义。本文基于CST(class function/shape function transformation)翼型参数化方法对Kriging模型的预测精度进行研究,并采用改进的粒子群优化算法构建气动优化设计系统。某亚声速机翼单点减阻设计及超临界翼型的稳健性设计表明该系统具有较高的设计质量,方法可靠,有较高的工程应用前景。展开更多
文摘As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in increasing the quality, reusability and maintainability of software.With the automatic programming model of software engineering, through the analysis for Z specification language, a feasible semi-automatic way of refinement and transformation is proposed, and the correctness of the procedure is also discussed.
文摘The torsional impact response of a penny-shaped crack in a nonhomogeneous strip is considered. The shear modulus is assumed to be functionally graded such that the mathematics is tractable. Laplace and Hankel transforms were used to reduce the problem to solving a Fredholm integral equation. The crack tip stress field is obtained by considering the asymptotic behavior of Bessel function. Explicit expressions of both the dynamic stress intensity factor and the energy density factor were derived.And it is shown that, as crack driving force, they are equivalent for the present crack problem. Investigated are the effects of material nonhomogeneity and (strip's) highness on the dynamic fracture behavior. Numerical results reveal that the peak of the dynamic stress intensity factor can be suppressed by increasing the nonhomogeneity parameter of the shear modulus, and that the dynamic behavior varies little with the adjusting of the strip's highness.
文摘The differential transformation method (DTM) is applied to investigate free vibration of functionally graded beams supported by arbitrary boundary conditions, including various types of elastically end constraints. The material properties of functionally graded beams are assumed to obey the power law distribution. The main advantages of this method are known for its excellence in high accuracy with small computational expensiveness. The DTM also provides all natural frequencies and mode shapes without any frequency missing. Fundamental frequencies as well as their higher frequencies and mode shapes are presented. The significant aspects such as boundary conditions, values of translational and rotational spring constants and the material volume fraction index on the natural frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. For elastically end constraints, some available results of special cases for isotropic beams are used to validate the present results. The new frequency results and mode shapes of functionally graded beams resting on elastically end constraints are presented.
文摘翼型及机翼优化设计中,设计变量的个数对优化算法的收敛速度及代理模型的精度有很大的影响。因此,在精确描述翼型的同时,发展较少设计变量的翼型参数化方法对翼型优化设计有着重要的意义。本文基于CST(class function/shape function transformation)翼型参数化方法对Kriging模型的预测精度进行研究,并采用改进的粒子群优化算法构建气动优化设计系统。某亚声速机翼单点减阻设计及超临界翼型的稳健性设计表明该系统具有较高的设计质量,方法可靠,有较高的工程应用前景。
