Design Optimization of a Novel Axial-radial Flux Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine with SMC Cores and Ferrite Magnets

Soft magnetic composite(SMC)material is an ideal soft magnetic material employed for developing 3D magnetic flux electromagnetic equipment,due to its advantages of 3D magnetic isotropy characteristic,low eddy current loss,and simple manufacturing process.The permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM)with SMC cores is a good case that the SMC to be adopted for developing 3D flux electrical machines.In this paper,a novel axial-radial flux permanent magnet claw pole machine(ARPMCPM)with SMC cores and ferrite magnets is proposed.Compared with the traditional PMCPM,the proposed ARPMCPM is designed with only one spoke PM rotor and its whole structure is quite compact.For the performance prediction,the 3D finite element method(FEM)is used.Meanwhile,for the performance evaluation,a previously developed axial flux claw pole permanent magnet machine(AFCPM)is employed as the benchmark machine and all these machines are optimized by using the combined multilevel robust Taguchi method.It can be seen that the proposed ARPMCPM is with higher torque/weight density and operation efficiency.

Design and Performance Analysis of Permanent Magnet Claw Pole Machine with Hybrid Cores

Permanent magnet claw pole machine(PMCPM) is a special kind of transverse flux permanent magnet machine. Compared with other electrical machines, it has the advantages of high torque density and high efficiency for high speed operation. However, because of its complex irregular structure, the manufacturing process using silicon sheets is complicated. Soft magnetic composite material(SMC) is manufactured by powder metallurgy technology, which can produce various shapes of stator core structures, so it is easier to produce various irregular shapes of the stator core. However, the raw SMC material is relatively expensive, and the mechanical strength of SMC is weak. In this paper, a PMCPM with hybrid cores is proposed. With the adoption of hybrid silicon sheet-SMC cores and amorphous alloy-SMC cores, the torque ability of PMCPM can be improved greatly and it can have higher efficiency for more wide operation frequency. Meanwhile, its mechanical strength has been improved and it can be designed for high torque direct drive applications as it is a modular machine. Furthermore, three methods are proposed to reduce the additional eddy current loss which resulted from the employment of hybrid cores in PMCPM.

甘蓝型油菜CRABS CLAW基因克隆及其RNA干扰载体的构建

CRABS CLAW(CRC)转录因子是YABBY基因家族成员,在植物花器官发育过程中起重要作用。为进一步研究CRC转录因子在调控油菜花器官发育过程中的作用,本研究以甘蓝型油菜品种宁油10号花蕾RNA为材料,通过反转录PCR克隆到1个580 bp长度的CRC基因,并利用p Hurricane中间载体构建CRC基因的反向重复序列表达框,将CRC基因片段以正向的方式连接在1个可剪切的内含子的5'末端,以反向的方式连接到该内含子的3'末端;然后将Ca MV35S启动子序列和CRC基因的反向重复表达框再克隆到植物双元载体p CAMBIAI1390的p UC18多克隆位点,构建了干扰表达载体p A6-CRCi,经过酶切鉴定和测序分析,所构建的载体正确。

中药猫爪草与cat's claw的不同

目的:比较中药猫爪草与cat's claw的不同。方法:查阅中外专业期刊及网站有关资料,并进行分析整理。结果:中药猫爪草和cat's claw在来源、形状、制剂、临床应用等方面有不同之处。结论:中药猫爪草和Cat's claw是两种不同的植物药。

机场Claws驱鸟器的效能评价

2007年7-8月,通过调查空军某机场场区内鸟类的种类、数量、飞行频次、飞行方向以及个体行为等参数,对该机场引进的Claws驱鸟器的驱鸟效能进行了定量评价.鸟类调查工作分Claws驱鸟器处理前期、处理期间和处理后期等三个阶段进行.调查结果表明Claws驱鸟器在控制鸟类的种类和数量上十分有效,但是在处理期间,鸟类飞向跑道的频次比处理前期和处理后期均显著增加,可能危及飞行安全.因此建议在飞行后勤保障过程中,在使用Claws驱鸟器驱鸟的同时,应结合其他驱鸟方法,对鸟类进行综合防治以保证飞行安全.

Multipurpose use of the over-the-scope-clip system(“Bear claw”) in the gastrointestinal tract:Swiss experience in a tertiary center

AIM:To evaluate the outcome of over-the-scope-clip system(OTSC)for endoscopic treatment of various indications in daily clinical practice in Switzerland.METHODS:This prospective,consecutive case series was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from September 2010 to January 2014.Indications for OTSC application were fistulae,anastomotic leakage,perforation,unroofed submucosal lesion for biopsy,refractory bleeding,and stent fixation in the gastrointestinal(GI)tract.Primary technical success was defined as the adequate deployment of the OTSC on the target lesion.Clinical success was defined as resolution of the problem;for instance,no requirement for surgery or further endoscopic intervention.In cases of recurrence,retreatment of a lesion with a second intervention was possible.Complications were classified into those related to sedation,endoscopy,or deployment of the clip.RESULTS:A total of 28 OTSC system applications werecarried out in 21 patients[median age 64 years(range42-85),33%females].The main indications were fistulae(52%),mostly after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal,and anastomotic leakage after GI surgery(29%).Further indications were unroofed submucosal lesions after biopsy,upper gastrointestinal bleeding,or esophageal stent fixation.The OTSC treatments were applied either in the upper(48%)or lower(52%)GI tract.The mean lesion size was 8 mm(range:2-20 mm).Primary technical success and clinical success rates were 85%and 67%,respectively.In53%of cases,the suction method was used without accessories(e.g.,twin grasper or tissue anchor).No endoscopy-related or OTSC-related complications were observed.CONCLUSION:OTSC is a useful tool for endoscopic closure of various GI lesions,including fistulae and leakages.Future randomized prospective multicenter trials are warranted.

Non-destructive Measurement of Magnetic Properties of Claw Pole

The magnetic properties of the claw pole have a direct effect on the output power of a generator Many methods can be used to measure these magnetic properties,each with its own advantages,but an important shortcoming is that all are destructive.In this study,a new non-destructive method to measure the magnetic properties of claw pole was proposed and a corresponding testing set-up was designed.A finite-element model was constructed to simulate the measurement process.Results proved that the measured magnetization-like curves had good agreement with the trend of the input magnetic curves and the effect of the positioning error in the measuring process could be neglected.To further validate the new method,seven types of claw poles of different materials subjected to different heat-treatment processes were forged and tested by both the new method and the conventional ring-sample method.Compared with the latter,the new method showed better consistency,relatively higher accuracy,and much stronger stability of measurement results;however,its sensitivity needs to be improved.The effects of material compositions and heat-treatment parameters on the magnetic properties of the claw pole were briefly analyzed.

Comparison of Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens implantation and posterior chamber intraocular lens sulcus fixation for aphakic eyes

AIM:To compare the efficacy and complications of Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens(IOL)implantation and posterior chamber IOL sulcus fixation for the treatment of aphakic eyes without capsular support after vitrectomy.METHODS:A prospective study of 45 cases was conducted.Forty-five eyes without sufficient lens capsule support following pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)combined lens extraction were divided into two groups.Group A:25 eyes received Artisan iris-claw IOL implantation.Group B:20 eyes received posterior chamber IOL sulcus fixation.The corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)and intraocular pressure(IOP),corneal endothelial cell loss rate,surgical time and complications were compared between the two groups.Pigment changes of trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber depths were measured at each time point in Artisan group.RESULTS:The mean surgical time of Artisan group was significantly shorter(P【0.05).No statistically significant difference in endothelial cell loss rate was noted between two groups at any time point(P】0.05).CDVA of Artian group was better than that of the sulcus fixation group 1d after surgery(P【0.05)and there was no statistically significant difference 1 and 3mo after surgery(P】0.05).Mean IOP showed no significant differences between groups before and after surgery.The postoperative complications of Artisan group were anterior uveitis,iris depigmentation,pupillary distortion and spontaneous lens dislocation.The complications of sulcus fixation group include choroidal detachment,intraocular haemorrhage,tilt of IOL optic part and retinal detachment.CONCLUSION:Secondary Artisan IOL implantation canbe performed less invasively and in a shorter surgical time period with earlier visual recovery after surgery compared to transscleral suturing fixation of an IOL.This technique is an effective and safe procedure.It is a promising option for the treatment of aphakic eyes without capsular support after vitrectomy.

On hamiltonicity of 2-connected claw-free graphs

A graph G has the hourglass property if every induced hourglass S（a tree with a degree sequence 22224） contains two non-adjacent vertices which have a common neighbor in G-V（S）.For an integer k≥4,a graph G has the single k-cycle property if every edge of G,which does not lie in a triangle,lies in a cycle C of order at most k such that C has at least「｜V（C） /2」 edges which do not lie in a triangle,and they are not adjacent.In this paper,we show that every hourglass-free claw-free graph G of δ（G） ≥3 with the single 7-cycle property is Hamiltonian and is best possible;we also show that every claw-free graph G of δ（G） ≥3 with the hourglass property and with single 6-cycle property is Hamiltonian.

Neighborhood Intersections and Hamiltonian property in Claw-Free Graphs

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Cloning of CRABS CLAW Gene from Brassica napus and Construction of Its RNA Interference Expression Vector

CRABS ClAW （CRC） is a member of the YABBYA transcription factor gene family that plays an important role in floral organ development of plants. This study aimed to further investigate the regulatory function of CRC transcription factor in the development of floral organs of rape （Brassica napus L. ）. A 580 bp fragment of CRC gene was cloned by RT-PCR from total RNA of buds of rape cultivar Ningyou No. 10 to construct an inverted repeated expression cassette of CRC gene using intermediate vector pHturieane. Firstly, CRC gene fragment was positively inserted into the 5＇ end of a spliceable intron and negatively inserted into the 3＇ end of the intron. Subsequently, CaMV35S promoter sequence and inverted repeated expression cassette of CRC gene were transferred into pUC18 multiple clone site of binary expression vector pCAMBIAI1390. The constructed interference expression vector was named pA6-CRCi, which was further confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing.

虹膜蟹夹式(Lobster Claw)人工晶体的应用

本文介绍了荷兰Groningen公司生产的虹膜蟹夹式(lobster claw)人工晶体的特点、手术适应证、手术方法、术后合并症.并讨论了它的优缺点.

A Property of Claw-free Graphs

In this paper we consider a property of claw-free graphs.We show that if d(u)+ d(v)≥ν(G)+2k+3,for every two nonadjacent vertices u and v,then G is 2k-vertex-deletable IM-extendable,whereν(G)=|V(G)|.And the bound is tight.

Cover a 3-regular Claw-free Graph by Induced Matchings

The induced matching cover number of a graph G without isolated vertices, denoted by imc(G),is the minimum integer k such that G has k induced matchings {M1,M2,···,Mk}such that,V(M1)∪V(M2)∪···∪V(Mk)covers V(G).This paper shows that,if G is a 3-regular claw-free graph,then imc(G)∈{2,3}.

Y-Shaped Intra-Scleral Fixated Lens versus Retro-Pupillary Iris Claw Lens in the Treatment of Aphakia

Background: Many reasons can lead to an aphakia without adequate capsular support for implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL), such as intraoperative unintentional rupture of posterior capsule during phacoemulsification, planned intracapsular cataract extraction, ocular trauma and lens dislocation due to congenital and acquired causes. Purpose: To compare Y-shaped intra-scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL with retro pupillary fixation of an iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) for Aphakic eyes without sufficient capsular support as respects safety, visual recovery and complications of both methods. Patients and Methods: One hundred Aphakic eyes were arbitrarily distributed between two groups. Group A included 50 eyes treated with retropupillary fixation of iris claw lens and group B included 50 eyes treated with Y-shaped intra-scleral fixation technique. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative data were analysed including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), surgical time, intraoperative problems, IOL malposition and postoperative complications. Following up on patients was carried out for at least six months. Results: The mean duration of surgery was 21 ± 5.3 min in group A and was 53.4 ± 6.9 min in group B (p-value 0.05). IOL tilt was found in 0 (0%) eyes in group A and in 5 (10%) eyes in group B (p 0.05). Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that both methods are satisfactory in correcting aphakia without sufficient capsular support as regards postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA);however the surgical technique of retropupillary iris claw lens is easier, shorter, with low intra- and postoperative complications and safer than those used for intra-scleral fixation of IOL. But for eyes which lack both iris and capsular support, a scleral fixation of a posterior chamber IOL remains the only option.

Safety and Efficacy of Artisan Aphakia Iris-Claw Intraocular Lens in Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia

Introduction: Iris-claw Intraocular Lens (IOL) is one of the alternatives to correct aphakia without sufficient capsular support. This technique is preferred because it has a simple procedure. Iris-claw IOL was originally designed to be fixated on the anterior chamber. The use of retropupillary fixation is increasing because the location is more physiologic and it shows less risk to corneal endothelial damage. Purpose: To describe safety and efficacy of iris-claw Artisan IOL in correcting aphakia without sufficient capsular support. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study of patients with aphakic iris-claw Artisan IOL implantation in National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia from July 2017-July 2019. Patients were divided into prepupillary and retropupillary group. The Uncorrected Visual Acuity (UCVA), Best-Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Safety Index (SI), Efficacy Index (EI), and complications were recorded. The procedure is safe if SI value ≥ 1.0 and effective if EI value ≥ 1.0. Results: There were 54 eyes in the retropupilary group and 17 eyes in the prepupillary group. In the prepupillary group, there were 94.11% eyes with SI ≥ 1.0, the mean SI was 1.79 ± 1.02, 50% of eyes with EI ≥ 1.0, and the mean EI was 0.77 ± 0.20. In the retropupillary group, there were 96.29% eyes with SI ≥ 1.0, the mean SI was 2.49 ± 2.23, 74.07% of eyes with EI ≥ 1.0, and the mean EI was 1.75 ± 1.64. Postoperative UCVA and BCVA were improved significantly compared to preoperative visual acuity in both groups (p < 0.05) Conclusion: Prepupillary and retropupillary iris-claw IOL implantation are safe. Retropupillary fixation technique is more effective in improving visual acuity.

NEIGHBORHOOD UNION OF INDEPENDENT SETS AND HAMILTONICITY OF CLAW-FREE GRAPHS

Let G be a graph,for any u∈V(G),let N(u) denote the neighborhood of u and d(u)=|N(u)| be the degree of u.For any UV(G),let N(U)=∪_~u∈U N(u), and d(U)=|N(U)|.A graph G is called claw-free if it has no induced subgraph isomorphic to K_~1,3 .One of the fundamental results concerning cycles in claw-free graphs is due to Tian Feng,et al.: Let G be a 2-connected claw-free graph of order n,and d(u)+d(v)+d(w)≥n-2 for every independent vertex set {u,v,w} of G, then G is Hamiltonian. It is proved that,for any three positive integers s,t and w,such that if G is a (s+t+w-1)-connected claw-free graph of order n,and d(S)+d(T)+d(W)>n-(s+t+w) for every three disjoint independent vertex sets S,T,W with |S|=s,|T|=t,|W|=w,and S∪T∪W is also independent,then G is Hamiltonian.Other related results are obtained too.

Investigation of Flux Regulation Performance and Experimental Validation of Novel Hybrid Excitation Brushless Claw-pole Alternators

针对电励磁爪极发电机效率低、永磁爪极发电机磁场调节困难等问题,提出一种新型的混合励磁无刷爪极发电机。介绍该电机的结构特点和磁场调节原理,采用三维有限元法对电机的空载磁场分布及磁场调节能力进行了分析,设计并制造了试验样机。样机试验结果验证了有限元分析的正确性,并表明在结构参数相同的情况下,与电励磁爪极发电机相比,新型混合励磁无刷爪极发电机具有气隙磁通密度高、功率密度高、低速输出性能好、励磁损耗低等特点。

Numerical Study on Claw-pole Electric Motors for Electronic Expansion Valves

电子膨胀阀在变频空调系统中能精确调节制冷剂流量，有助于提高空调系统的能效和改善空调环境的热舒适性。研究电子膨胀阀用爪极永磁步进电机有助于提高电子膨胀阀稳定性和可靠性。对电子膨胀阀的电机力矩特性进行数值分析，在保持转子尺寸、通电电流和定转子之间气隙不变的前提下，通过改变爪极形状尺寸，分析了爪极形状参数对电子膨胀阀用爪极式步进电机白定位力矩和保持力矩的影响，认为在满足一定自定位力矩的前提下，保持力矩越大越好，并以此为基础对电机的爪极尺寸进行了优化，认为合理设计爪极尺寸参数，能够使电机的保持力矩和自定位力矩达到最佳，对电子膨胀阀步进电机的研究和设计有借鉴价值。

Longest Paths and Cycles in Connected Claw-Free Graphs

A graph is called claw-free if it does not contain a claw as its induced subgraph.In this paper, we prove the following results:1)If G is a 2-connected claw-free graph on n vertices,then for any vertex v and any two distinct vertices x and y in V(G)-{v},G has a path containing v and all neighbors of v and connecting x and y;2) Let C be the longest cycle in a 3-connected claw-free graph G and H a component of G-C,and if H is connected but not 2-connected,then there exist nonadjacent vertices u and v in H such that |V(C)|≥(3(d(u)+)d(v))-2.