Clean-up and disposal process of polluted sediments from urban rivers

In this paper, the discussion is concentrated on the properties of the polluted sediments and the combination of clean-up and disposal process for the upper layer heavily polluted sediments with good flowability. Based on the systematic analyses of various clean-up processes, a suitable engineering process has been evaluated and recommended. The process has been applied to the river reclamation in Yangpu District of Shanghai City, China. An improved centrifuge is used for dewatering the dredged sludge, which plays an important role in the combination of clean-up and disposal process. The assessment of the engineering process shows its environmental and technical economy feasibility, which is much better than that of traditional dredging-disposal processes.

Bench-Scale Testing of Zinc Ferrite Sorbent for Hot Gas Clean-up

Advanced integrated gasification combined cycle （IGCC） power generation systems require the development of high-temperature, regenerable desulfurization sorbents, which are capable of removing hydrogen sulfide from coal gasifier gas to very low levels. In this paper, zinc ferrites prepared by co-precipitation were identified as a novel coal gas desulfurization sorbent at high temperature. Preparation of zinc ferrite and effects of binders on pore volume, strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite desulfurizer were studied. Moreover, the behavior of zinc ferrite sorbent during desulfurization and regeneration under the temperature range of 350-400 ℃ are investigated. Effects of binders on the pore volume, mechanical strength and desulfurization efficiency of zinc ferrite sorbents indicated that the addition of kaolinite to zinc ferrite desulfurizer seems to be superior to other binders under the experimental conditions.

Simultaneous Determination of Four Estrogens in Compost Based on Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction, Solid-Phase Extraction Clean-Up and Analysis by UHPLC-MS/MS

A rapid, cost effective and reliable analytical method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of four estrogens (17 β-estradiol, 17 α-ethinylestradiol, estrone, and estriol) in compost samples from the biodegradation of biological infectious hazardous wastes. Ultrasonic solvent extraction, using methanol as extraction solvent, coupled with SPE clean-up, using cartridges HLB 60 mg - 6 ml Supelco® and acetonitrile for reconstitution of eluents, was used for the simultaneous extraction of the four estrogens. Mean recoveries in the range of 98% - 107% were obtained. All compounds were separated in a single gradient run by UHPLC KinetexTM 2.6 μm XB-C18 100 ÅLC (50 × 4.6 mm) column. Analytes were detected via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using an AB SCIEX API-5000TM triple quadrupole (Applied Biosystems/MDS SCIEX) with electrospray ionization in negative mode. Isocratic mobile phase of Water:ACN (50:50) resulted to be the optimum. Limits of detection and quantification were on the order of 0.66 ng·g-1 and 2 ng·g-1 for all the estrogens. These limits were lower than most of the values reported in the literature for similar matrices. Suitable level of linearity, good repeatability and reproducibility with coefficients of variation is lower than 11.7%, 6.8% and 8.3%, respectively.

Thermo-controlled,self-released smart wood tailored by nanotechnology for fast clean-up of highly viscous liquids

Designing highly porous materials is of great importance for liquid separation,water purification,and disinfection,such as spill oil cleaning and recycling,seawater desalting,and oil/water separation.However,a remaining challenge is to produce porous materials with the characteristics of fast absorption,continuous directional transport,and self-release of viscous liquid.Herein,a functional cellulosic composite is reported by the chemical treatment and functionalization of wood resulting in a smart wood that can thermally selfrelease and separate high viscosity oil.The smart wood has a high absorption speed of 1398 mL/(m_(2)·s)(ethylene glycol)and a maximum absorption capacity of 47.2 g/g(chloroform)due to its intrinsic vertical micro/nanoscale channel structure,low tortuosity,and high porosity.Moreover,the switchable wettability is achieved by the surface coating of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)on the porous wood,which enables the collection and removal of oil from the oil/water mixture.The high viscosity oil can be automatically released due to the passive oil release at room temperature.The release capacity of the smart wood remains above 91%after 15 cyclic tests.We envision that this functional smart wood could be extended to a wide range of applications in smart hydrogels,microfluidics,artificial drug release,and environmental restoration.

化学药品中的遗传毒性杂质的质量控制

药品中微量水平的遗传毒性物质具有引发肿瘤甚至癌症的风险,并且该致癌风险可能与剂量没有相关性。因此,目前各国监管机构要求对药品中遗传毒性杂质进行严格控制。本综述通过查阅国内外相关文献、指导原则,从监管机构对药品中遗传毒性杂质的监管策略、遗传毒性杂质来源、检测方法及清除策略4个方面进行了系统的总结综述。该综述为药品中遗传毒性杂质的控制/清除、检测提供了参考和依据。

煤仓侧壁清理装置气动系统设计与仿真

针对井下煤仓堵塞清理现状,设计了煤仓侧壁气动清理装置,并完成了煤仓侧壁气动清理装置气动系统原理图的设计;采用AMESim建模仿真软件对工作大臂气动回路进行了建模仿真,并研究了系统中各结构对控制系统性能的影响。

净化柱结合超高效液相色谱—串联质谱检测动物源性食品中16种喹诺酮药物

目的:加强动物源性食品安全检测市场监管。方法:动物源性食品样品使用80%乙腈(含0.2%甲酸)提取,净化柱(Speedy Prep-Quino 1)净化后,利用超高效液相色谱—串联质谱检测16种喹诺酮类药物残留。结果:16种喹诺酮类药物的线性范围为1.6~40.0μg/kg,相关系数r≥0.9961,检出限为0.14~0.80μg/kg,定量限为0.47~2.68μg/kg。在净化柱前处理后7个基质加标回收率为62%~112%,相对标准偏差为0.9%~18.7%。结论:该方法具有检测速度快、灵敏度高的特点,适用于羊肉、鸭肉、牛肉、鱼肉、鸡蛋、猪腰、鸭皮等动物源性食品。

Tool Path Generation for Clean-up Machining of Impeller by Point-searching Based Method

Machining quality of clean-up region has a strong influence on the performances of the impeller. In order to plan clean-up tool paths rapidly and obtain good finish surface quality, an efficient and robust tool path generation method is presented, which employs an approach based on point-searching. The clean-up machining mentioned in this paper is pencil-cut and multilayer fillet-cut for a free-form model with a ball-end cutter. For pencil-cut, the cutter center position can be determined via judging whether it satisfies the distance requirement. After the searching direction and the tracing direction have been determined, by employing the point-searching algorithm with the idea of dichotomy, all the cutter contact （CC） points and cutter location （CL） points can be found and the clean-up boundaries can also be defined rapidly. Then the tool path is generated. Based on the main concept of pencil-cut, a multilayer fillet-cut method is proposed, which utilizes a ball-end cutter with its radius less than the design radius of clean-up region. Using a sequence of intermediate virtual cutters to divide the clean-up region into several layers and given a cusp-height tolerance for the final layer, then the tool paths for all layers are calculated. Finally, computer implementation is also presented in this paper, and the result shows that the proposed method is feasible.

腔室清洗的单臂组合设备初始暂态调度

为了提升腔室洁净度,晶圆厂需对组合设备腔室进行清洗操作,从而提高晶圆的加工质量.考虑腔室清洗时间和晶圆驻留时间的约束条件下,本文研究了单臂组合设备的初始暂态调度问题.首先,提出了机械手的初始暂态活动规则,并对机械手活动序列进行描述,实现了系统的初始暂态可调度性;其次,对机械手在初始暂态和稳态的活动时间进行了建模;然后,根据系统的时间特性,建立了初始暂态调度的线性规划模型;最后,通过实例验证了该方法的有效性.与已有的虚拟晶圆方法相比,该调度方法能有效减少初始暂态的完工时间,提高了组合设备的晶圆生产效率.

Wavelength-tunable mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser based on nonlinear Kerr beam clean-up effect

We demonstrate a novel approach to achieve wavelength-tunable ultrashort pulses from an all-fiber mode-locked laser with a saturable absorber based on the nonlinear Kerr beam clean-up effect.This saturable absorber was formed by a single-mode fiber spliced to a graded-index multimode fiber,and its tunable band-pass filter effect is described by a numerical model.By adjusting the bending condition of the graded-index multimode fiber,the laser could produce dissipative soliton pulses with their central wavelength tunable from 1040 nm to 1063 nm.The pulse duration of the output laser could be compressed externally to 791 fs,and the signal to noise ratio of its radio frequency spectrum was measured to be 75.5 dB.

三重四级杆气质联用法测定水产品中9种麻醉剂的残留量

本文采用快速滤过净化柱,利用三重四级杆气质联用仪(GC-MS/MS),选取鱼、虾、贝3类水产品基质,构建能快速检测MS-222、苯佐卡因、利多卡因、丁香酚、甲基丁香酚、异丁香酚、乙酸丁香酚酯、甲基异丁香酚、乙酰基异丁香酚酯9种麻醉剂的检测方法。选用乙腈溶剂提取,DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,电子轰击离子源动态多反应监测(d MRM)模式,外标法定量,对3种典型水产品(鱼、虾、贝)进行方法验证。研究显示,9种麻醉剂在0.01~1μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,并且相关系数均大于0.998 9。该方法检出限为0.005 mg/kg,方法定量限为0.015 mg/kg。3种基质中9种麻醉剂在0.01、0.05、0.50 mg/kg添加水平下的平均加标回收率为85.4%~109.4%,平均相对标准偏差为1.2%~9.2%。运用优化后的方法对鱼、虾、贝3类水产品总计80个样品中9种麻醉剂残留量进行定性定量实验。结果表明:化合物中丁香酚检出率高,且在虾类样品中检出率高。该方法前处理操作简单、净化除杂彻底,仪器响应值高,分离效果显著,适用于水产品中多种麻醉剂的痕量检测和定性定量分析。

The Effect of Water Spray upon Incineration Flue Gas Clean-up

The existence of liquid water was found very important in incineration flue gas clean-up systems for enhancing the absorption of acid components contained. In a newly developed incineration flue gas clean-up tower, which works in a semi-dry mode, the water is injected in the form of spray to maximum its contact surface with the gas. The criteria for the design of the water nozzles would be nigh water concentration but no liquid impinging on the solid wall and complete evaporation inside the tower. In order to optimize the atomizer design, the effects of the spray type (hollow or solid cone), their initial droplet she distribution and water flow rate on the performance of the acid gas absorption were investigated. The liquid behaviour was studied with a fluid dynamic simulation code, and the overall performance was checked experimentally. This paper presents the use of a commercial CFD code, FLUENT, and some modifications made during such investigation. The modification includes the viscosity of the flue gas defined as a function of the temperature, and the initial mass fraction of different droplet size group described with an exponential distribution formula of Rosin-Rammler. The investigation results (the optimal spray parameters) were used to guide the water nozzle design. The general performance of the flue gas clean-up system measured during the plant operation complied with the design criteria.

认真对待民事诉讼法司法解释

我国民事诉讼法司法解释有其历史必然性与现实必要性,在推进中国式程序法治现代化进程中发挥了重要作用。但在一定程度上存在替代立法型、突破立法型、权力争夺型、限制诉权型与自我减压型司法解释。作为裁判规则的民事诉讼法司法解释需要严格以法律为依据,不得违反和超越法律规定。治理民事诉讼法司法解释“乱象”需要综合施策,当前需要建立司法解释自我监督的常态化清理机制;强化权力机关监督备案审查的效力,建立权力机关对司法解释的硬约束;构建权利主体监督的司法解释附带审查机制,通过个案审理监督司法解释,逐步形成司法解释权的自我监督、权力监督和权利监督体系。

加氢提馏塔运行异常分析及优化

煤油加氢精制装置提馏塔经过运行,存在底部nC_(10)损失率高、塔底热油用量高、塔底换热器堵塞等诸多问题。针对问题进行逐一分析,发现精馏塔分离效果下降导致底部nC_(10)损失率高、塔底精制煤油nC_9含量高,塔底换热器都是检修以后初期使用容易发生堵塞,换热器换热效果降低是由于装置波动导致换热器结垢,从而造成换热效率降低。因此逐一采取措施,利用ASPEN PLUS分析、优化提馏塔,在精馏塔塔底至出料换热器之间增加一台篮式过滤器,利用检修机会对部分换热器进行清理,优化精馏塔热负荷。措施实施后,产品收率得到提高,装置能耗降低,塔底堵塞问题得到解决,换热器换热效率得到提高,以达到了节能降耗的目的,相关经验和做法可为同行借鉴。

高端重型发动机缸体铸造清理全流程自动化工艺开发

针对困扰发动机铸造企业气缸体铸件清理工序环境恶劣、从业人员匮乏、劳动强度大、危险系数高、产品质量保障能力低的弊端,介绍了清理工序最新的工艺设计思路,通过产品铸造工艺开发和全流程自动化实现了清理工序的转型升级,为清理工序的无人化奠定了基础,提高了公司的竞争力。

深圳市坪山区正本清源工程治理探讨

以深圳市坪山区正本清源工程为例,简述了该项目存在基础资料难溯源、涉及区域大、产权复杂、建设条件差、机械进场难以及排水系统等难点,对住宅管网、工业管网、建筑立管设计3个方面展开研究。研究结果表明,通过对能修复的管道进行修复,不能修复的管道有规划地对立管进行改造,解决了网线错综复杂及因排水不当而造成的环境污染等问题。

砂型增材制造设备用铺砂器清理机构的设计

砂型3D打印设备采用增材制造的逐层打印造型技术取代了传统的流砂翻箱造型技术,大幅改变了传统铸造行业“傻大黑粗”的形象,实现了铸造行业的转型升级。但在砂型3D打印设备产业化的过程中,也出现了各种各样的问题。本文主要解决了砂型3D打印设备在产业化使用过程中铺砂器的清理问题,使得铺砂器在铺砂作业过程中能够始终保持良好的状态,保证了铺砂层面的质量,提升了砂型3D打印设备的有效作业率。

超深大位移井高效井筒清洁与预校深一体化提效工艺

超深大位移井的井眼轨迹复杂、井斜大、稳斜段长,常规套管程序为ϕ244.5 mm套管与ϕ177.8 mm尾管复合,且刮管洗井阶段存在随钻预校深为射孔备用的需求,常规采用两趟管柱分别实现井筒清洁、随钻预校深的功能,造成井筒清洁效率低、作业周期长。通过集成优化组合多功能清洁工具、可变径刮管器、随钻测井工具和分流转向阀工具,设计形成了高效井筒清洁与预校深一体化管柱结构,重点开展了水力学模拟、管柱安全评价、工艺流程优化,实现复合井筒一趟式高效清洁和随钻预校深一体化功能,相比常规两趟式方案提效30%。该技术在东海3口超深大位移井中成功应用,井下工具工作正常,相比同类井型常规工艺单井平均缩短43.6 h,具有显著的提速提效作用。

婴儿配方乳粉中V_(A)、V_(D)和V_(E)混合标准物质的研制

研制婴儿配方乳粉中V_(A)、V_(D)和V_(E)混合标准物质。选择与日常检测水平相当的乳粉,经过混匀、分装、真空密封制备了候选标准物质。采用固相萃取-二维液相色谱建立了一种测定婴儿配方乳粉中V_(A)、V_(D)和V_(E)含量测定的通用方法,并将此法用于该标准物质的均匀性、稳定性检验及定值。定值采用同一检测方法8家实验室协作定值方式,并对标准物质的不确定度进行评估。采用该方法考察标准物质的均匀性和稳定性结果满足标准物质制备的要求。标准物质中V_(A)、V_(D)和V_(E)含量定值结果及其扩展不确定度(k=2)分别为(4987±3.1)μg/kg、(104±1.59)μg/kg和(90±1.3)mg/kg。该研究流程和结果符合标准物质定值的要求。该标准物质可用于相关检测实验分析方法的确认和过程质量控制。