Aim To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis hexapetala Pall.. Methods The components were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, sephadex L...Aim To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis hexapetala Pall.. Methods The components were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and prep-HPLC. The structures were determined by spectrum analysis. Results Twelve flavonoids were isolated and their structures were identified as 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3＇, 4＇-heptamethoxyflavone （1）, nobiletin （2）, liquiritigenin （3）, hesperetin （4）, naringenin （5）, liquiritigen-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7, 4＇ -trihydroxy-3＇- methoxyflavanone -7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1→6 ） -β-D-glucopyranoside （7）, 6-hydroxybiochain A （ 8）, formononetin （9）, daidzein （10）, genistein （11）, and tectoridin （12）. Conclusion All the said compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.展开更多
For finding valuable systematic characters, leaf epidermis of 77 taxa, representing 12 sections of the genus Clematis and three related genera in the Ranunculaceae, were examined mainly by means of light microscop...For finding valuable systematic characters, leaf epidermis of 77 taxa, representing 12 sections of the genus Clematis and three related genera in the Ranunculaceae, were examined mainly by means of light microscopy (LM), and partially by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that the leaf epidermal cells were usually irregular or polygonal in shape. The patterns of anticlinal walls were straight, arched or undulate. The stomatal apparatus is anomocytic and exists in abaxial epidermis of all species, and in the adaxial epidermis of some species. Under SEM observation, the leaf epidermis was often striated, seldom nearly smooth, and often with flakes attached. Evidence from leaf epidermis serves as a criterion for distinguishing the subsections in sect. Meclatis (Spach) Tamura and in sect. Fruticella Tamura. The results also support that there are several separate evolutionary processes in the genus Clematis .展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasci...[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.[Method] Leavies of Clematis fasciculiflora Franch were used as materials for comparing the purity and concentration of extracted DNA and extracting time among the four extraction methods of genomic DNA including improved CTAB method Ⅰ,improved CTAB method Ⅱ,improved CTAB method Ⅲ and improved SDS method.[Result] The four extraction methods could all be successfully used for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.The purity of genomic DNA was the highest using improved CTAB method Ⅰ,with the longest extracting time;while the concentration of genomic DNA was the maximum using the improved SDS method,with the shortest extracting time and relatively low purity;the extracting time of improved CTAB method Ⅲ was the shortest.[Conclusion] This study had established the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and supported for the further research using molecular biological methods.展开更多
Two novel compounds, clemaphenol A and dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hyroxymethyl-2(3H)-fura-none were isolated together with eight known compounds, isoferulic acid, b-sitosterol, daucosterol, 5-hy-droxymethyl-2-furancarboxalde...Two novel compounds, clemaphenol A and dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hyroxymethyl-2(3H)-fura-none were isolated together with eight known compounds, isoferulic acid, b-sitosterol, daucosterol, 5-hy-droxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and anemonin from the root of Clematis chinensis Osbeck.展开更多
Antifungal assay-guided isolation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Clematis tangutica yielded two novel triterpene saponins. Their structures were determined to be 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28...Antifungal assay-guided isolation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Clematis tangutica yielded two novel triterpene saponins. Their structures were determined to be 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-b-D- glucopyranosyl(14)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (2) on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.展开更多
Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical dis...Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser. Tomentosae cannot be determined based on morphological characters alone in the present study.展开更多
A new triterpenoid saponin, named clematiganoside A (1), was isolated from the whole plant of Clematis ganpiniana. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, TOF-MS and ESI-MS techniques, and physicochem...A new triterpenoid saponin, named clematiganoside A (1), was isolated from the whole plant of Clematis ganpiniana. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, TOF-MS and ESI-MS techniques, and physicochemical properties.展开更多
Two new triterpenoid saponins, tanguticoside A and B were isolated from aerial part of Clematis tangutica. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28 O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1--&g...Two new triterpenoid saponins, tanguticoside A and B were isolated from aerial part of Clematis tangutica. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28 O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosidel and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ranosyl- (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside2, respectively.展开更多
The structure of a new macrocyclic compound, clemochinenoside A obtained from Clematis chinensis was identified by NMR, FAB-MS, NOE and chemical hydrolysis.
Objective: To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula(C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms.Methods: The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba trunca...Objective: To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula(C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms.Methods: The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba truncatula Mull.(Lymnaeidae) and Fasciola hepatica larval stages contaminating this snail in Tunisia were assessed by testing six groups of snails in 250 mL of extracts and aqueous dechlorinated solutions with different concentrations(ranging from 2.5 to 20.0 mg/L) for 48 h.Besides, the antifungal potential of C.flammula leaves and flowers was evaluated by using the diffusion agar and broth dilution methods against four fungal strains: Aspergillus niger, Pythium catenulatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium phyllophilum.Results: As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate flower extracts exhibited significant molluscicidal activities with LC_(50) median lethal concentrations values of 11.87 and 11.65 mg/L, respectively while LC_(50) value of anemonin was 9.64 mg/L after 48 h exposure.The flower extracts showed a larvicidal effect with a deterioration rate exceeding 35.39% where flower ethyl acetate residue gave a deterioration rate of cercariae close to 97%.Moreover, C.flammula extracts were not noxious to the associated fauna survival.All extracts inhibited the growth of P.catenulatum, the leaves and flowers methanolic extracts had the more important fungicide action with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.56 and 3.12 mg/mL together with minimum fungistatic concentrations of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL respectively.Only flower extracts were active against Rhizoctonia solani with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying between 0.70 and 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL of minimum fungistatic concentration.Phytochemical tests showed that the antifungal activity may be attributed to the presence of the flavonoids/saponins in the methanolic extracts and the molluscicide effects could be due to the richness of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts on sterols and triterpenoids.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the important molluscicidal and antiparasitic effects of flower ethyl acetate extracts and anemonin compound as well as the considerable antifungal activities of methanolic extracts.These results improve the therapeutic virtues of C.flammula aerial part extracts.展开更多
In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy_ two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of th...In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy_ two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of them, on e series, five species, and two varieties are described as new, and two new rank s are proposed. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the sec tion are given, the evolutionary trends of several important morphological characters observed are e numerated, and the relationships of its subsections are discussed. As a resul t, subsect. Dioicae, which shows striking resemblance in both habit an d floral structure to sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, is regar ded as t he primitive group, while subsect. Insidiosae, bearing pistillate flower wit h erect sepals and no staminodes, is regarded as the advanced group within the s ection.展开更多
The structure of a new macrocyclic compound,clemochinenoside B, isolated from the root of Clematis chinensis was elucidated by means of NMR,FAB-MS,NOE and chemical hydrolysis.
[ Objective] This study aimed to induce the tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia. [ Method ] Mixture of 0.2% colchicine solution and 1% agar were heated into a gel smeared on the apical meristem top bud of Clematis he...[ Objective] This study aimed to induce the tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia. [ Method ] Mixture of 0.2% colchicine solution and 1% agar were heated into a gel smeared on the apical meristem top bud of Clematis heracleifolia seedling to induce its tetraploid. The induction lasted for 24, 48 and 72 h respectively in three treatments to determine the best induction time. Finally, the morphological and cytological characteristics were identified and compared between the mutants and the controls. [Result] The variation rate was the highest, up to 80% when the induction time was 48 h. Compared with controls, the leaf of mutant was longer, wider and thicker, and the leaf index was smaller. The stomata size and density of lower leaf epidermis between the mutants and controls were significantly different. Chloroplast number in guard cells and chlorophyll content of mutants were all increased significantly compared with the controls through microscope observation of lower leaf epidermis and SPAD value. Chromosome number of most mutants was 32 （2n =4x）, while that of controls was 16 （2n =2x） by cytology observation of root tip cells. [ Conclusion] Tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia was successfully obtained.展开更多
文摘Aim To study the chemical constituents from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis hexapetala Pall.. Methods The components were isolated by means of solvent extraction, repeated chromatography with silica gel, sephadex LH-20 and prep-HPLC. The structures were determined by spectrum analysis. Results Twelve flavonoids were isolated and their structures were identified as 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3＇, 4＇-heptamethoxyflavone （1）, nobiletin （2）, liquiritigenin （3）, hesperetin （4）, naringenin （5）, liquiritigen-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （6）, 5,7, 4＇ -trihydroxy-3＇- methoxyflavanone -7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （ 1→6 ） -β-D-glucopyranoside （7）, 6-hydroxybiochain A （ 8）, formononetin （9）, daidzein （10）, genistein （11）, and tectoridin （12）. Conclusion All the said compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.
文摘For finding valuable systematic characters, leaf epidermis of 77 taxa, representing 12 sections of the genus Clematis and three related genera in the Ranunculaceae, were examined mainly by means of light microscopy (LM), and partially by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that the leaf epidermal cells were usually irregular or polygonal in shape. The patterns of anticlinal walls were straight, arched or undulate. The stomatal apparatus is anomocytic and exists in abaxial epidermis of all species, and in the adaxial epidermis of some species. Under SEM observation, the leaf epidermis was often striated, seldom nearly smooth, and often with flakes attached. Evidence from leaf epidermis serves as a criterion for distinguishing the subsections in sect. Meclatis (Spach) Tamura and in sect. Fruticella Tamura. The results also support that there are several separate evolutionary processes in the genus Clematis .
基金Supported by Applied Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(2010ZC089)the948Project of National Forestry Bureau(2008-4-11)+1 种基金Sharing Platform Project of Provincial and Ministerial Key Subject,Key Laboratory and School Laboratory of Provincial Colleges and Universities in Yunnan ProvinceScience and Technology Innovation Fund of Southwest Forestry University~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed at comparing the four extraction methods of genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and determining the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.[Method] Leavies of Clematis fasciculiflora Franch were used as materials for comparing the purity and concentration of extracted DNA and extracting time among the four extraction methods of genomic DNA including improved CTAB method Ⅰ,improved CTAB method Ⅱ,improved CTAB method Ⅲ and improved SDS method.[Result] The four extraction methods could all be successfully used for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch.The purity of genomic DNA was the highest using improved CTAB method Ⅰ,with the longest extracting time;while the concentration of genomic DNA was the maximum using the improved SDS method,with the shortest extracting time and relatively low purity;the extracting time of improved CTAB method Ⅲ was the shortest.[Conclusion] This study had established the optimal extraction method for extracting the genomic DNA from Clematis fasciculiflora Franch and supported for the further research using molecular biological methods.
基金This project was sponsored by Shanghai Science Committee (97541900-7)
文摘Two novel compounds, clemaphenol A and dihydro-4-hydroxy-5-hyroxymethyl-2(3H)-fura-none were isolated together with eight known compounds, isoferulic acid, b-sitosterol, daucosterol, 5-hy-droxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-pentanoic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid and anemonin from the root of Clematis chinensis Osbeck.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology grant 2001-51the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30070007),Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(99B0017G).
文摘Antifungal assay-guided isolation of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Clematis tangutica yielded two novel triterpene saponins. Their structures were determined to be 3-O-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (1) and 3-O-b-D- glucopyranosyl(14)-a-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl ester (2) on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30870146).
文摘Clematis sect. Atragene is revised in this paper based on the examination of a large number of herbarium specimens, extensive field observations, and morphometric analyses. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the section are given, the relationships among the species are discussed, and the evolutionary trends of some characters in the section are evaluated. The staminodes of the plants in this section may have evolved from the outer stamens with petaloid filaments and gradually disappearing anthers. Subsequently, they may have evolved in two different ways. One possibility is that the staminodes elongate and become lanceolate, as long as sepals, and their apices turn into attenuate. The other is that the staminodes are spathulate, but not elongating, as long as stamens, and their apices turn into retuse from obtuse and rounded. The evolutionary trend of sepals may be from thin to thick in texture, and the veins from non-prominent to prominent. As a result, five new series are established and nine species, two subspecies and nine varieties （including three new ranks） are recognized in this section. An identification key is provided, and each taxon is described and illustrated. Clematis sibirica and Clematis ochotensis are treated as subspecies of Clematis alpina due to their subtle differences and lack of, or few, overlapping distributions. Clematis fusijamana and Clematisfauriei are recognized as varieties of C. alpina ssp. ochotensis for the continuous variation of the velutinous strips on the sepal margins. Clematis iliensis is treated as variety of C. alpina ssp. sibirica for the continuous variation of leaf division types. Extensive variations in sepal color and basal caruncle size support degrading Clematis chiisanensis as a variety of Clematis koreana. The North American ser. Occientales may be primitive, whereas ser. Macropetalae may be the most advanced taxon in this section. Ser. Alpinae and ser. Koreanae are closely related to each other. However, the systematic position of ser. Tomentosae cannot be determined based on morphological characters alone in the present study.
文摘A new triterpenoid saponin, named clematiganoside A (1), was isolated from the whole plant of Clematis ganpiniana. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of 1D, 2D NMR, TOF-MS and ESI-MS techniques, and physicochemical properties.
文摘Two new triterpenoid saponins, tanguticoside A and B were isolated from aerial part of Clematis tangutica. Their structures were elucidated as 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28 O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosidel and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ranosyl- (1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside2, respectively.
文摘The structure of a new macrocyclic compound, clemochinenoside A obtained from Clematis chinensis was identified by NMR, FAB-MS, NOE and chemical hydrolysis.
基金supported by the Tunisian National Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
文摘Objective: To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula(C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms.Methods: The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba truncatula Mull.(Lymnaeidae) and Fasciola hepatica larval stages contaminating this snail in Tunisia were assessed by testing six groups of snails in 250 mL of extracts and aqueous dechlorinated solutions with different concentrations(ranging from 2.5 to 20.0 mg/L) for 48 h.Besides, the antifungal potential of C.flammula leaves and flowers was evaluated by using the diffusion agar and broth dilution methods against four fungal strains: Aspergillus niger, Pythium catenulatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium phyllophilum.Results: As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate flower extracts exhibited significant molluscicidal activities with LC_(50) median lethal concentrations values of 11.87 and 11.65 mg/L, respectively while LC_(50) value of anemonin was 9.64 mg/L after 48 h exposure.The flower extracts showed a larvicidal effect with a deterioration rate exceeding 35.39% where flower ethyl acetate residue gave a deterioration rate of cercariae close to 97%.Moreover, C.flammula extracts were not noxious to the associated fauna survival.All extracts inhibited the growth of P.catenulatum, the leaves and flowers methanolic extracts had the more important fungicide action with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.56 and 3.12 mg/mL together with minimum fungistatic concentrations of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL respectively.Only flower extracts were active against Rhizoctonia solani with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying between 0.70 and 1.56 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL of minimum fungistatic concentration.Phytochemical tests showed that the antifungal activity may be attributed to the presence of the flavonoids/saponins in the methanolic extracts and the molluscicide effects could be due to the richness of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts on sterols and triterpenoids.Conclusions: This study emphasizes the important molluscicidal and antiparasitic effects of flower ethyl acetate extracts and anemonin compound as well as the considerable antifungal activities of methanolic extracts.These results improve the therapeutic virtues of C.flammula aerial part extracts.
文摘In this paper Clematis sect. Aspidanthera s.l. is revised. Seventy_ two species and 15 varieties are recognized. They are keyed, described, and in most cases illustrated, and are classified into six subsections. Of them, on e series, five species, and two varieties are described as new, and two new rank s are proposed. Brief taxonomic history and geographical distribution of the sec tion are given, the evolutionary trends of several important morphological characters observed are e numerated, and the relationships of its subsections are discussed. As a resul t, subsect. Dioicae, which shows striking resemblance in both habit an d floral structure to sect. Clematis subsect. Clematis, is regar ded as t he primitive group, while subsect. Insidiosae, bearing pistillate flower wit h erect sepals and no staminodes, is regarded as the advanced group within the s ection.
文摘The structure of a new macrocyclic compound,clemochinenoside B, isolated from the root of Clematis chinensis was elucidated by means of NMR,FAB-MS,NOE and chemical hydrolysis.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Talent Introduction and Development of Shanxi ProvinceFund for Leaders of Disciplines in Science of Shanxi Agricultural University
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to induce the tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia. [ Method ] Mixture of 0.2% colchicine solution and 1% agar were heated into a gel smeared on the apical meristem top bud of Clematis heracleifolia seedling to induce its tetraploid. The induction lasted for 24, 48 and 72 h respectively in three treatments to determine the best induction time. Finally, the morphological and cytological characteristics were identified and compared between the mutants and the controls. [Result] The variation rate was the highest, up to 80% when the induction time was 48 h. Compared with controls, the leaf of mutant was longer, wider and thicker, and the leaf index was smaller. The stomata size and density of lower leaf epidermis between the mutants and controls were significantly different. Chloroplast number in guard cells and chlorophyll content of mutants were all increased significantly compared with the controls through microscope observation of lower leaf epidermis and SPAD value. Chromosome number of most mutants was 32 （2n =4x）, while that of controls was 16 （2n =2x） by cytology observation of root tip cells. [ Conclusion] Tetraploid of Clematis heracleifolia was successfully obtained.
