Cardioprotective effect of bioassay-guided fractions of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Objective:To evaluate the cardioprotective effect of bioassay-guided isolated fractions of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Total phenolics,flavonoids,and in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa were evaluated.The FD-40 fraction from this extract was further evaluated for antihyperglycemic efficacy(insulin and HbA1c),antioxidant activity,and cardioprotective effects(creatine kinase-MB,lactate dehydrogenase,and histopathology)in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.In silico studies were also conducted to assess the bioactivity of FD-40.Results:Cleome viscosa methanolic extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH,ABTS,H2O2,and FRAP assays compared to other extracts.Treatment with FD-40(40 mg/kg b.w.)isolated from this extract normalized blood glucose,insulin,HbA1c,creatine kinase-MB,and lactate dehydrogenase levels in diabetic rats.It also significantly reduced oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes,decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as restoring the levels of ascorbic acid and glutathione.Histological study demonstrated that FD-40 treatment improved cardiac structure in diabetic rats.Molecular docking analysis revealed that phytocompounds from FD-40 had strong binding affinities with cardiac markers and oxidative enzymes.Hexose(5TMS)demonstrated greater binding affinity with xanthine oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase.Conclusions:FD-40 of Cleome viscosa methanolic extract exhibits significant cardioprotective effects in diabetic rats by regulating cardiac markers and reducing oxidative stress.The underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated in the future.

Detection and Identification of Phytoplasma of Cleome rutidosperma in Areca Palm Yellow Leaf Disease Field

[Objectives]The paper was to detect and identify the phytoplasma of Cleome rutidosperma in areca palm yellow leaf disease(YLD)field in Wenchang City,Hainan Province,China.[Methods]The nested PCR technique was employed to amplify the phytoplasma 16S rDNA of C.rutidosperma samples,followed by sequence analysis.Concurrently,this study examined C.rutidosperma in YLD field,collecting symptomatic leaves for phytoplasma detection.[Results]The 16S rDNA sequence of the C.rutidosperma witches'-broom phytoplasma was found to be identical to that of the HNWC5 strain associated with areca palm yellows phytoplasma,leading to the identification of this phytoplasma as belonging to the 16SrII-A subgroup.Field investigations revealed a higher incidence of C.rutidosperma in areca palm fields,with symptoms of leaf yellows observed in six of these fields.Quantitative PCR(qPCR)analysis confirmed the presence of phytoplasma infection in these instances.[Conclusions]Through the analysis of geographical distribution,sequence alignment,and field occurrence data,a significant correlation has been identified between witches'broom disease and YLD.It is proposed that the former may act as an intermediate host for the areca palm yellows phytoplasma.

A New Trinortriterpenoid from Cleome chrysantha

A new trinortriterpenoid, 1-epibrachycarpone, was isolated from the aerial parts ofCleome chrysantha. Its stfucture was elucidated by spectral and X-ray crystallographic studies.

白花菜地方品种永红1号的选育

永红1号是从湖北省安陆市白花菜(Cleome gynandra L.)地方品种中通过单株选择培育的新品种。该品种植株长势强,早熟,播种17 d左右可采收,株高50 cm左右,裂叶,苗期叶色为嫩绿紫红色,采收时主薹紫红色,有刺;每公顷产量17 250~18 750 kg。适宜在湖北省孝感市、荆门市、武汉市、荆州市、随州市、黄冈市等地或气候和土壤类似的地方保护地栽培或露地栽培。

Polyphenolic composition, antibacterial, modulator and neuroprotective activity of Tarenaya spinosa(Jacq.) Raf.(Cleomaceae)

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity and neuroprotective capacity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tarenaya spinosa(T. spinosa) as well as to determine and quantify some of its polyphenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection(HPLC-DAD). Methods: The bacterial Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, grown in Heart Agar Infusion, were tested. The drugs gentamicin, norfloxacin and imipenem were used to evaluate the modulating or antagonistic capacity of the T. spinosa extracts. The extract was analysed by HPLC-DAD to determine the main phenolic compounds. For the cell viability tests, individual heads of the Nauphoeta cinerea arthropod model were removed, homogenized in Trifluoromethyl ketone and centrifuged afterwards. Subsequently, 20 μL of NaN O2 were added to the biological material, except in the control group, to evaluate the protection capacity of the extracts. The homogenate of the insect heads was incubated for 2 h in tubes containing tetrazolium bromide. Results: HPLC-DAD demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of T. spinosa presented caffeic acid as the major compound. The ethanolic extract also showed neuroprotective effects at concentrations ≥ 10 μg/mL, while aqueous extract was shown to have a protective effect only at the concentration of 100 μg/mL. The aqueous extract demonstrated a clinically relevant antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistant strain-MDR, with MIC 512 μg/m L. However, when the extracts were associated with gentamicin and imipenem, a synergism was detected against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli MDR strains. Conclusions: Although it does not present an antibacterial action, the extracts of T. spinosa can be used in the pharmaceutical industries since its extracts show modulating action of drugs. Besides, these natural products have neuroprotective capacity.

The antioxidative effects of some medicinal plants as hypoglycemic agents on chromosomal aberration and abnormal nucleic acids metabolism produced by diabetes stress in male adult albino rats

The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells of alloxanized diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of Cleome droserifolia (Sammo), Anastatica hierochuntica (Kafta), Juniperus phoencea (Araar) and Hyphaene thebaica (Doum) as well as their effects on blood glucose, liver and testes total soluble protein, DNA and RNA contents and also nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activity. The material and Methods: The study was performed in six groups. The first group was the normal healthy control;the second group was rats injected with alloxan (diabetic control). Every one of the other four groups (diabetic rats) was ingested with each of the methanolic extracts of Kafta, Doum, Sammo and Araar (individually). The results: The results of chromosomal analysis showed that, diabetic rats had a highly significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to that of normal healthy control. Animals which treated with the four plants methanolic extracts showed significant improvements in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. In case of biochemical analysis, blood glucose level was significantly increased but immunoglobulins levels were decreased in diabetic albino rats. Diabetes increased serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL but serum HDL was decreased. RNA and DNA as well as inhibited the nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activity of both organs (liver and testes) tissue. The conclusions: It is concluded that diabetes is much harmful in the animal body, whilst the induction of flavonoids extract (by methanol) of Kafta, Somma, Araar and Doum reduced these harmful of diabetes.

Molecular Markers for Genetic Diversity Studies in African Leafy Vegetables

African leafy vegetables are becoming important crops in tackling nutrition and food security in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, since they provide important micronutrients and vitamins, and help resource-poor farm families bridge lean periods of food shortage. Genetic diversity studies are essential for crop improvement programmes as well as germplasm conservation efforts, and research on genetic diversity of these vegetables using molecular markers has been increasing over time. Diversity studies have evolved from the use of morphological and biochemical markers to molecular markers. Molecular markers provide valuable data, since they detect mostly selectively neutral variations at the DNA level. They are well established and their strengths and limitations have been described. New marker types are being developed from a combination of the strengths of the basic techniques to improve sensitivity, reproducibility, polymorphic information content, speed and cost. This review discusses the principles of some of the established molecular markers and their application to genetic diversity studies of African leafy vegetables with a main focus on the most common Solanum, Amaranthus, Cleome and Vigna species.

Chromosomal aberrations and nucleic acids systems affected by some Egyptian medicinal plants used in treating female pregnant diabetic rats

The influences of medicinal plants Juniperus Phoenicea (Araar), Hyphaene thebaica (Doum), An-astatica hierochuntica (Kafta) and Cleome droserifolia (Sammo) as antidiabetic agents were investigated using female pregnant albino rats. Female rats were injected with 60 mg/kg b.w. alloxan to induce diabe-tes. Diabetic rats treated orally with the methanol extracts of tested plants till the 19 day of gestation. The present studies include the frequencies of chro-mosomal aberrations and nucleic acid system of liver in the female pregnant rats and their embryos. The results showed that injection of alloxan caused highly significant increase in chromosomal aberrations as well as in blood glucose levels as a result of diabetes in pregnant females. It also caused a high incidence of chromosomal deviation in embryos and decreased the liver soluble protein contents of female rats and their embryos. These effects in alloxanized animals were treated and improved by ingestion of the methanol extracts of the tested plants (Araar, Doum, Kafta and Somma) in which under their treatments, the inceased level of blood glu-cose of diabetic rats was deceased. Ingestion with the plants methanolic extracts improved and normalized the effects of diabetes in nucleic acids values of liver tissues. These were accompanied with nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activities. The inhibited ac-tivities of both DNA ase and RNA ase of pregnant rats and their embryos were stimulated and read-justed around the normal values. Also administration of the plants methanol extracts decreased the per-centage of chromosomal aberrations in the female rats and embryos. It is concluded that there are some biochemical dynamics which might occur in the metabo-lism of glucose, nucleic acids and proteins in order to prevent or to reduce the oxidative stress of diabetes by flavonoides treatment.

Antioxidant activity of Cat's whiskers flavonoid on some reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generating inflammatory cells is mediated by scavenging of free radicals

AIM: To find out the effect of Cat's whiskers (Cleome gynandra L., Capparidaceae) flavonoid (CWF) for the scavenging of free radicals in some inflammatory cells. METHODS: Mouse erythrocyte's hemoglobin, peritoneal macrophage, and peripheral blood lymphocytes were oxidized either by some of toxic chemicals (nitrite, carbon tetrachloride) or by enzymatic stimulation (glu- coseoxidase) to produce oxidative damage to cells. The protective effect of the CWF was examined, and the biochemical mechanism of action was also investigated in terms of the scavenging of free radicals. RESULTS: CWF (1 20 μg mL 1 ) decreased glucoseoxidase and nitrite induce oxidative damage in a concentration dependent manner in an in vitro model and inhibited the lysis of RBC [(28.64 ± 13.03)% and (70.31 ± 1.80)%] when mice were treated with CWF (25 and 50 mg kg 1 ). To assess the antioxidant potential of CWF in the lymphocytes and macrophages in living animals, the effect of CWF was measured on the elevated level of superoxide anions production in the cells. CWF scavenged the superoxide anion (O 2 ) production and inhibited the O 2 induced destruction of protein and lipid biomolecules. CONCLUSION: The study has established that the CWF mediates its antioxidant activity in some chronic inflammatory cells via its free radical scavenging activity.