Anorectal Pharmacodynamics and In Vitro Drug Release of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.Extract Gel

[Objectives]To determine the optimal preparation technology of Clerodendrum bungei Steud.extract gel by orthogonal test and gel quality test method in General Rule 0114 of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Volume IV,2020 Edition),and to study its anorectal pharmacodynamics and drug release in vitro.[Methods]Carbomer 940,propylene glycol and absolute ethyl alcohol were selected as the main factors,and the preparation technology of C.bungei Steud.extract gel was optimized by orthogonal test.The mouse model of ulcerative hemorrhoids was established with glacial acetic acid(HAC)and compared with Ma Yinglong musk hemorrhoids ointment.The recovery of trauma was compared between the two groups.At the same time,porcine small intestine was used as semi-permeable membrane to make diffusion cell to simulate anal environment,and the drug release in vitro was studied.[Results]The C.bungei Steud.extract gel was smooth in appearance and good in stability.It could effectively treat anal ulcer in mice and release quickly in vitro.[Conclusions]The formula is reasonable,and the effect of animal experiment is remarkable,which can provide a new treatment plan for ulcerative hemorrhoids.

Antifungal Activity of Extracts from Clerodendrum Bungei Leaves against Two Species of Phytopathogens

The test was undertaken to reveal the antifungal activity of extracts from Clerodendrum bungei leaves against Pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani, the results showed that optimal condition for best antifungal activity of extracts against pestalotia and Rhizoctonia solani are as follows： material-liquid ratio of 1：6,75% ethanol as extracting solvent, reflux at 90℃ for 1.5 h. The substances with good dissolubility in ethanol and water solution such as organic acid, bioflavonoid and alkaloid are main antifungal bioactive substances in Clerodendrun bungei.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity-guided Identification of Compounds from Clerodendrum bungei Steud by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS

Objective To identify the compounds withα-glucosidase inhibitory activity from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)using HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS.Methods The ethanol extracts of Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹)were partitioned with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol,and water.The assay forα-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed strongα-glucosidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction,and the bioactive compounds present in this fraction were identified by the HPLCESI-QTOF-MS/MS method.Results A total of 29 compounds were determined,among the identified bioactive components;these included 12 phenylethanoid glycosides(compounds 5,6,17,20-22,24),7 flavonoids(compounds 10,19,23,25-28),5 phenolic acids(compounds 2-4,7,9),and 5 other compounds.Compounds 2-4,7,9-10,12-13,15,19,and 26,with a potentialα-glucosidase inhibitory activity,have been reported previously.Conclusions Our results show that the methodology used in this study is feasible,credible,and rapid in identifying known compounds and also for characterizing new natural glucosidase inhibitory candidates from Clerodendrum bungei Steud(Chou Mu Dan,臭牡丹).

A Preliminary Study on Effects of Zhuang Medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on Acute Tonsillitis

[Objectives]To study the effect of Zhuang medicine Clerodendrum japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet on acute tonsillitis.[Methods]The antibacterial,antipyretic,anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the extract of Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet were observed.[Results]Zhuang medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet showed a good inhibitory effect onα-hemolytic streptococcus,β-hemolytic streptococcs,Staphylococcus citreus,Staphylococcus epidermidis,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Proteus and Escherichia coli;it showed a good inhibitory effect on the infection of Staphylococcus aureus andβ-hemolytic streptococcs in vivo;it could significantly reduce the elevated body temperature of rabbits injected with the triple vaccine and significantly increase the pain threshold of thermally stimulated mice.[Conclusions]Zhuang Medicine C.japonicum(Thunb.)Sweet has positive significance in the treatment of acute tonsillitis instead of antibiotics.

锑胁迫下不同楸树无性系的光合生理特性

【目的】为了研究锑胁迫对不同锑耐受型楸树无性系光合生理的影响。【方法】以2种不同锑耐受型楸树无性系为研究对象,分别为敏感型无性系(1-1)和耐受型无性系(5-8)。以无污染的红壤为基质开展盆栽胁迫试验,设置3种锑胁迫处理,质量分数(以锑元素计)分别为0、1200、3000 mg/kg,分别在胁迫0、20、40 d测定2个无性系的生长量、叶片叶绿素相对含量、叶绿素荧光参数和光合参数。【结果】1)在相同锑胁迫条件下,敏感型无性系(1-1)较耐受型无性系(5-8)植株的生长受影响较大。2)在锑胁迫处理下,2个无性系叶片叶绿素相对含量均下降,并且随着锑胁迫质量分数的增加和时间的延长,其叶片叶绿素相对含量逐渐降低,但是耐受型无性系下降幅度远小于敏感型无性系。3)2个无性系在锑胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数存在差异。在同一时间内随着锑胁迫质量分数的升高,可变荧光、PSII最大光化学效率和PSII潜在活性均呈下降趋势,耐受型无性系受影响较小。4)锑胁迫下2个无性系净光合速率均下降,胞间CO_(2)浓度呈上升的趋势,表明在锑胁迫下楸树是受非气孔因素导致的。【结论】在高质量分数锑胁迫下耐受型无性系(5-8)相对于敏感型无性系(1-1)具有更高的叶绿素含量,光合系统受损伤的影响较小,能够更好地应对锑胁迫。

锑胁迫对楸树无性系叶片解剖结构的影响

以10个楸树无性系为研究对象,采用室内盆栽的方法,共设置4种浓度的锑胁迫处理,各处理锑元素含量分别为0、600、1200、2000 mg·kg^(-1);以石蜡切片方法观测叶片的解剖结构,探讨锑胁迫对楸树叶片解剖结构的影响。结果表明:除2-8、1-1号2个楸树无性系在2000 mg·kg^(-1)锑胁迫下其叶片中锑含量均下降外,10个楸树无性系在0~2000 mg·kg^(-1)锑胁迫下其叶片中锑含量均随着锑胁迫浓度的增加而增加。在不同浓度的锑胁迫下,5-8、0号2个无性系的叶片厚度均没有显著差异,其余无性系的叶片厚度表现出不同的差异性;随着锑胁迫浓度的增加,不同楸树无性系的叶片厚度表现出不同的变化规律。随着锑胁迫浓度的增加,10个楸树无性系的叶片上表皮厚度和下表皮厚度总体呈现先升高后下降的变化规律。在不同浓度锑胁迫下,10个楸树无性系的叶片组织结构存在一定差异;在600~2000 mg·kg^(-1)锑胁迫下,各楸树无性系平均栅海比排序为5-8号的(0.99)>1号的(0.91)=2-8号的(0.91)>0号的(0.90)>5-2号的(0.89)>8402号的(0.88)=72号的(0.88)>1-1号的(0.86)=20-01号的(0.86)>63号的(0.71)。0~2000 mg·kg^(-1)锑胁迫对楸树无性系叶片结构无明显破坏,楸树对锑具有一定的耐受性。

楸树远缘杂交种花器官性状变异分析

为明确楸树(Catalpa bungei)远缘杂交种花器官性状的表型变异程度和变异规律,以12株楸树远缘杂交种为材料,采用方差分析、相关分析、聚类分析等统计分析方法,对楸树远缘杂交种的花期物候特征、花序性状、花朵性状和花色性状指标进行研究。结果表明:楸树远缘杂交种的花期物候特征差异明显,楸梓杂交种为假三叉分枝,花芽分化能力强,嫁接当年持续多轮开花,花期长达100 d以上,表现出母本性状。楸梓杂交种的花器官特征差异显著,花序轴共7~9轮侧枝,主轴为无限花序,侧枝为二歧聚伞花序,从底层到顶层过度为聚伞花序,处于楸树有限花序到梓树无限花序的过渡性状。花总长度、花筒直径、花筒长度、花冠宽度、花梗长度、雌蕊长度、花药长度、雄蕊长度、不育雄蕊长度的变幅分别为35.42~50.36,10.84~16.13,16.57~24.68,31.58~44.87,9.07~31.99,19.44~27.52,4.85~5.89,13.93~21.10,3.66~6.79 mm,变异系数为10.88%~31.02%,多样性指数(H’)为1.36~1.93,并以9个性状指标将12株杂交种聚为大花型、中花型、小花型3类。楸树杂交种间花色差异显著,以L*、a*、b*值将12株杂交种的唇瓣花斑颜色聚为3类,分别是粉紫色型、紫红色型和紫色型。

Study on the Antimicrobial Effect of the Extracts of Clerodendron bungei Roots

[ Objective ] The aim was to research the antimicrobial effect of the extracts of Clerodendron bungei roots with different solvents on the common plant microbes. [ Method] The bacteria cake method was used to study the antimicrobial capability of Clerodendron bungei roots. [ Result ] The extracts have anti-bacterial action on Rhixoctonia cerealis V. Hoeven, Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani and Setosphaeria turcica, especially the extract from distilled water has the strongest anti-bacterial action on Rhixoctonia cerealis V. Hoeven and Fusarium graminearum, the extract from ether has the strongest anti-bacterial action on Fusarium graminearum, the MIC all were 10 mg/ml. The extracts had different antimicrobial effect when pH value was from 5 to 8[ Conclusion] The extracts of Clerodendron bungei roots could inhibit the 4 pathogenic microorganism, and the antibacterial activity was affected by pH value greatly.

楸树DELLA基因家族生信分析及CbuGRAS9的功能分析

通过鉴定楸树(Catalpa bungei)DELLA家族基因并分析CbuGRAS9的基因功能,为楸树生殖调控性状的遗传改良提供理论依据。基于楸树基因组数据,鉴定并克隆了5个与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)同源的CbuDELLAs基因;利用ExPASy、SWISS-MODEL、Plant-mPloc、PlantCare等在线工具对CbuDELLAs蛋白进行等电点、蛋白结构、亚细胞定位及启动子顺式作用元件预测;以9-1(Catalpa bungei‘Luoqiu No.1’)和‘百日花’楸树(Catalpa‘Bairihua’)为材料,分析了CbuDELLAs基因的表达量差异,并通过异源转化拟南芥证实了CbuGRAS9的分子功能,利用酵母双杂交文库筛选了与CbuGRAS9互作的蛋白。结果表明:5个CbuDELLAs蛋白的氨基酸数目为455~588,蛋白相对分子质量为5.04~6.43 kDa,等电点为4.81~5.14;CbuDELLAs蛋白均含有DELLA和GRAS保守结构域,全部为亲水性蛋白。亚细胞定位预测结果显示CbuDELLAs蛋白均定位于细胞核中。启动子顺式作用元件分析发现,这5个DELLAs基因启动子区均含有参与赤霉素反应的顺式作用元件。qRT-PCR结果显示‘,百日花’楸中CbuDELLAs基因表达量显著高于对照9-1楸,其中CbuGRAS9为差异最显著的基因,CbuGRAS9转基因株系的开花时间被明显推迟。鉴定到与CbuGRAS9互作的蛋白质主要富集在核糖体、氨基酸合成、次级代谢、光合作用、TCA循环等代谢通路。

山东省临沂市楸树人工林立地类型划分与质量评价

使用典型抽样方法在山东临沂的蒙阴、沂水、兰陵等6个县区,选择造林技术和经营措施基本一致的14个样点布设63块楸树人工林临时标准地,调查标准地内立地因子、林分生长因子以及土壤因子,通过主成分分析、聚类分析法分析立地因子对人工林生长的影响,进而对楸树人工林进行立地类型划分与立地质量评价。结果表明:1)最合适的导向曲线为幂函数曲线,经χ~2检验证明所编制的立地指数表合格。2)在影响楸树人工林生长的立地因子中,重要性排序为:土壤质地>坡向>坡位>坡度>土层厚度>海拔,其中土壤质地、坡向、坡位是影响临沂市楸树人工林生长的主导因子。3)以土壤质地、坡向、坡位3个主导立地因子将山东省临沂市楸树人工林划分为13个立地类型,3个地位级。现有立地条件下,最适宜楸树人工林生长的立地特征为:分布在阳坡或半阴坡的下坡位,土壤质地为中壤土的地区,占总标准地数量的13.64%。整体上,临沂市楸树人工林的立地质量有待提高,建议Ⅰ、Ⅱ地位级种植中大径材楸树,Ⅲ地位级种植小径材楸树。

中国楸树(Catalpa bungei C.A.Mey)种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

采用简单序列重复区间标记法(ISSR)分子标记技术,对中国楸树(Catalpa bungeiC.A.Mey)10个类型156个单株进行了遗传多样性分析。从46个简单重复序列引物中筛选出的14个引物共扩增出190条稳定的谱带,其中多态性谱带186条,多态性条带百分率达97.89%。在物种水平上,Nei′s基因多样性指数(H)为0.290 9,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.446 3,基因多样度(Ht)为0.296 7,基因分化系数(Gst)为0.397 1,基因流(Nm)为0.759 2。分析结果表明,楸树各类型间变异占总变异的39.71%,类型内的变异占总变异的60.29%,约为类型间变异的1.5倍,说明中国楸树类型内的变异在其遗传变异中占主导地位。楸树类型间的遗传相似系数介于0.668 4和0.984 9之间,平均为0.863 7。基于遗传相似系数的UPGMA聚类分析,可将楸树10个类型分为4类。

Effects of Drought Stress on Osmotic Regulation Substances of Five Catalpa bungei Clones

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances of Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] Potting experimental was carried out with plastic film sealing method, to differentiate the degrees of drought stress based on changes in soil water content and leaf water potential and investigate variations in contents of osmotic regulation substances（free proline,soluble sugar and soluble protein） in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones under different degrees of drought stresses. [Result] According to changes in soil water content and leaf water potential, the whole process of drought stress was divided into normal level（CK, with soil water content of 97.49% and leaf water potential of-0.54MPa）, light drought（LD with soil water content of 59.96% and leaf water potential of-1.28 MPa）, mediate drought（MD with soil water content of 34.19% and leaf water potential of-2.32 MPa） and severe drought（SD with soil water content of 14.52%and leaf water potential of-2.99 MPa）. The soil water content and leaf water potential of five Catalpa bungei clones reached the highest correlation in exponential fitting, with an average R2of 0.989 3（P0.001）. The free proline content in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones increased rapidly with the increasing degree of drought stress（P 0.001）. To be specific, free proline contents of Catalpa bungei clones015-1 and 7080 were 34.39 and 33.41 times of the normal level under severe drought conditions, which reached an extremely significant level（P0.001）; the free proline content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 rapidly increased to（855.46±227.52） μg/g Fw under light drought conditions. The soluble protein content in leaves showed different variation trends. To be specific, the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 7080 was the lowest at various drought stages and reached（1.644 ±0.137）mg/g Fw under normal conditions; the soluble protein content of Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 was relatively high under normal conditions and was reduced rapidly under light drought conditions, showing different response patterns. [Conclusion] Osmotic regulation substances in leaves of five Catalpa bungei clones all have certain response to drought stress. Free proline is the most important osmotic regulation substance, followed by soluble protein, while soluble sugar makes no significant contribution. According to changes in content of osmotic regulation substances, Catalpa bungei clone 7080 has relatively high capacity and good drought resistance, while Catalpa bungei clone 1-3 has the rapidest response to drought stress.

Comparative Study on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Catalpa bungei Clones

[Objective] This study aimed to provide scientific basis for the early selec-tion and breeding of excellent Catalpa bungei clones. [Method] The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system was used to analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of five Catalpa bungei clones （1-3, 1-4, 004-1, 015-1 and 7080）. [Result] Al five Catalpa bungei clones had similar change trends of light response curves, but their maxi-mum net photosynthetic rates （Pmax） were in the order of 1-3＆gt;7080＆gt;015-1＆gt;004-1＆gt;1-4, showing that clone 1-3 and clone 7080 had strong light environmental adapt-ability with the light saturation points （LSP） of 1 147.97 μmol/m2＆#183;s and 1 196.31μmol/m2＆#183;s, respectively, while clone 1-4 had the narrowest range of adaptation to light. There were differences in the total photosynthetic amount per area among the five clones that clone 1-4 was the best of 433 974.24 μmol/m2, fol owed by clone 1-3 of 401 290.20 μmol/m2. The transpiration rates （Tr） and stomatal conductances （Cond） of the five clones presented the same change trend. And the diurnal varia-tion curves of net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of clone 1-3, 1-4 and 015-1 showed two typical peaks with obvious midday depression, while clone 004-1 and 7080 didn’t. [Concluson] Considering a variety of photosynthetic characteristics of indica-tors, photosynthetic capacity of clone 1-3 was the best among the five Catalpa bungei clones.

5个楸树(Catalpa bungei)无性系耗水特性比较

水是西北造林育种需要考虑的关键环境因子,速生树种高耗水现象是西北造林中亟待解决的问题。为筛选适宜造林的楸树无性系,本研究利用盆栽称重法及Li-6400XT便携式光合作用分析系统（Li-cor,U.S.）对于5个楸树无性系（004-1、015-1、7080、1-3、1-4）进行比较。结果显示：试验地甘肃天水地区午间14：00时气温达全天最高,为41.1±1.86℃,湿度仅为39.21±2.65%。在此条件下,5个楸树无性系耗水量及耗水速率均出现＂单峰变化＂,可归为＂非蒸腾午休型＂。其中无性系1-3午间耗水速率最大,达到7.9691±0.1367 mmol·m^-2·s^-1;楸树无性系全天耗水量较高,在1630.42±38.27-2089.95±34.14 g·d^-1,平均为1709.30±52.38 g·d^-1,但其日间生产能力较高,日间耗水速率占全天耗水速率92.78%,显著高于毛白杨。与其他4个无性系相比,无性系004-1水分利用效率出现＂双峰＂现象,分别在12：00时及16：00时出现两个峰,全天水分利用效率总和达到15.723±1.231μmol·mmol-1。因此,楸树耗水速率与普通植物相当,耗水量较高的原因与其较大的叶面积有关;无性系004-1较其他4个无性系,具有更高的苗高、地径,且整株叶面积达1.9907±0.032 m^2;在水分利用效率、耗水速率上也表现出良好的水分利用能力和生长能力,可作为当地丰产速生林的优质无性系进行种植。

楸木不同类型组织的湿胀-干缩行为

[目的]实时、同步测量楸木早材和晚材的水分吸着-解吸等温线以及木纤维组织、木射线、导管尺寸的变化比率,揭示早材和晚材不同类型组织的尺寸变化规律及其相互作用机理。[方法]以楸木心材同一生长轮内的早材和晚材为研究对象,采用动态水分吸附分析仪联用视频白光显微镜,在水分吸着-解吸阶段[温度设置为(25.0±0.1)℃,相对湿度变化过程设置为0%→95%→0%,以相对湿度10%为梯度进行升湿、降湿],同步测量早材和晚材的水分吸着-解吸等温线以及木纤维组织、木射线、导管尺寸的变化比率;在平衡含水率恒定阶段,考察“尺寸变化行为”与“平衡含水率”之间是否存在滞后现象。[结果]1)在水分吸附全过程中,早材和晚材均表现出明显的吸湿滞后现象,绝对滞后值随相对湿度升高先增大后减小,相对湿度70%时达到最大值;与早材相比,晚材的绝对滞后值较小。2)早材和晚材木纤维组织、木射线尺寸的变化比率均随相对湿度升高而增大;导管弦向直径变化比率随相对湿度的变化模式与之相反,在相对湿度95%时,早材和晚材导管弦向直径的变化比率分别为0.945和0.918。3)随着木射线与导管之间直线长度(L)增加,木射线弦向尺寸的变化比率减小,L≥200μm后不再发生变化;轴向尺寸的变化比率未改变或改变很小,在相对湿度95%时,早材和晚材木射线弦向尺寸变化比率的最大值分别为1.051和1.038。(4)在水分吸附循环过程中,早材和晚材木纤维组织、木射线、导管尺寸的变化比率均表现出明显的湿胀滞后现象,湿胀滞后值随相对湿度升高先增大后减小,相对湿度70%时达到最大值。(5)在水分吸着-解吸过程中,早材和晚材组织“刚达到含水率平衡态”的尺寸变化比率与“保持含水率平衡态180 min”后的尺寸变化比率相比未发生明显变化,可被认为是相等的。[结论]木质素对绝对滞后值的影响大于半纤维素;在水分吸着过程中,木纤维组织和木射线的湿胀行为对导管产生挤压使其收缩;在水分解吸过程中,木纤维组织的干缩行为对导管产生拉伸使其扩张;晚材组织对导管的挤压和拉伸大于早材组织;木纤维组织对木射线的湿胀-干缩行为起抑制作用,相较于早材木纤维组织,晚材木纤维组织对木射线弦向湿胀-干缩行为的抑制作用更显著;木材吸湿滞后行为是引起湿胀滞后现象的原因之一;早材和晚材组织均可视为同步达到“含水率平衡态”和“尺寸变化平衡态”,即“尺寸变化行为”与“平衡含水率”之间不存在滞后现象。

镉胁迫对泰山白首乌种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为探明泰山白首乌对重金属镉的耐受性及镉对泰山白首乌的作用机理,本试验以泰山白首乌种子、幼苗为材料,用不同浓度(0、5、50、100、200、400μmol/L和800μmol/L)氯化镉对泰山白首乌种子、萌发幼苗及土培苗进行胁迫处理,研究镉胁迫对其种子萌发、幼苗生长及光合特性的影响。结果表明:随着镉浓度升高,泰山白首乌种子发芽势、发芽率总体均呈现先上升后下降趋势。不同浓度镉处理对泰山白首乌萌发幼苗根及茎的伸长均表现为抑制作用,且镉浓度越大抑制作用越明显。土培条件下,镉能影响泰山白首乌幼苗生长,随着镉浓度升高总体呈现先促后抑趋势,即低浓度镉处理可使植株地上部增高,叶片数、生物量增加,高浓度镉处理则抑制植株生长,生物量降低,并出现叶片瘦小枯黄现象;镉浓度在100~400μmol/L之间时,土培苗叶绿素含量与对照差异均不显著,但其余镉处理对叶绿素含量增加有较大或显著抑制作用;镉处理组土培苗光合指标整体上随镉浓度升高呈现先上升后下降趋势。综之,泰山白首乌对镉胁迫具有一定的耐受性,一定浓度范围内镉处理可促进种子萌发与幼苗生长,随着镉浓度升高,其对种子萌发和幼苗生长均表现为抑制作用。

西垂茉莉的营养成分、抗氧化活性及代谢产物分析

目的探究云南丽江西垂茉莉的营养成分、抗氧化活性及代谢产物。方法以野生西垂茉莉可食用叶片为原料,首先对其基本营养成分进行研究,探讨西垂茉莉的抗氧化活性;基于非靶向代谢组学方法,采用超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-orbitrap exploris-mass spectrometry,UPLC-OE-MS)测定样品中代谢产物含量;电感耦合等离子体法(inductively coupled plasma,ICP)测定样品中的矿物质元素含量。结果西垂茉莉中水分含量较高,灰分、多糖和还原糖、总蛋白、可溶性蛋白、脂肪含量较低;西垂茉莉表现出良好的抗氧化能力;分析西垂茉莉样品共检出33579个化合物,匹配度大于等于80%的化合物有228个,共计29类;西垂茉莉中共测得25种矿质元素,常量元素钙、钾、磷、硫、镁的含量均高于100 mg/100 g,微量元素铁、铝、铜、锰、铬的含量相较其他微量元素高。结论本研究发现西垂茉莉含有丰富的营养成分,表现出较强的抗氧化活性,可为西垂茉莉的进一步开发利用提供参考。

金丝楸抑菌皂制作及活性评价

采用浸提和柱层析等手段从金丝楸心材中制备抗菌组合物,该组合物体外抗金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus ATCC 25923)最小抑菌浓度(MIC)值为64.0μg/mL。运用HPLC技术,结合标准品比对法,鉴定该组合物主要化学成分为梓木内酯和4,9-二羟基-α-拉帕醌,相对含量,分别为62%和23%。通过添加一定量的金丝楸抗菌组合物,制得金丝楸抑菌皂,并评价了药物浓度与抑菌活性的相关性。当添加浓度为90μg/mL时,制得的抑菌皂与市售三种抑菌皂抑菌效果一致。

长期继代培养过程中楸树愈伤组织的分化能力

以长期继代培养的楸树愈伤组织和新诱导的楸树愈伤组织为试验材料,利用石蜡切片比较分析它们的组织形态特征,并测定过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和淀粉酶的活性,以及可溶性蛋白与可溶性糖的含量,以探究楸树愈伤组织长期继代培养后分化再生困难的形成原因。组织形态学观察分析发现,继代培养7 a的白色颗粒状愈伤组织细胞中淀粉粒含量丰富,分布均匀,仍为胚性愈伤组织;新诱导的浅绿色愈伤组织存在明显的细胞分化中心,有均匀分布的淀粉粒,为早期胚性愈伤组织;新诱导的黄白色致密愈伤组织为非胚性向胚性转化的愈伤组织,新诱导黄白色疏松愈伤组织为非胚性愈伤组织。生理生化指标测定分析发现,继代培养7 a的楸树胚性愈伤组织中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白的含量均显著高于新诱导出的3种愈伤组织,但其同工酶活性却较低,表明在长期继代培养的过程中,楸树愈伤组织的生理生化代谢活性降低。由此推测生理生化代谢活性的下降可能是造成楸树胚性愈伤组织长期继代培养后分化再生困难的重要因素。

苦郎树枝叶水提物对LPS所致发热家兔的解热机制

研究苦郎树枝叶水提物的解热作用及其机制。采用耳缘静脉注射脂多糖(LPS,4μg/kg)复制家兔发热模型,水提物剂量设定为1、2、和4 g/kg,按5 mL/kg单次灌胃给药,药后检测肛温,测定血清肝功能和内生致热原指标水平,HE染色法检测肝组织和下丘脑组织病理学改变,免疫组化染色法检测肝组织COX-2和下丘脑TLR4、NF-κB、COX-2表达水平。结果表明,水提物各剂量组均可显著降低肛温(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低血清ALT、AST、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6和PGE_2水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),明显减轻肝组织和下丘脑组织病理学损伤,降低肝组织COX-2和下丘脑TLR4、NF-κB、COX-2表达水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。苦郎树枝叶水提物具有良好的解热作用,其机制可能与增强肝功能、消除血液内生致热原及下调肝组织COX-2和下丘脑TLR4、NF-κB、COX-2表达水平有关。