Sociodemographic and Clinical Aspects of Climacteric Syndrome of Menopause in the City of Kati in Mali Involving 113 Women

Objective: This paper aims to study the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of menopausal climacteric syndrome in the city of Kati in Mali. Patients and Methods: This was a quantitative descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted in the city of Kati from February 1 to July 31, 2021. We included 112 menopausal women. Women were selected from a household survey using the sampling step. We were interested in conjugal, family and professional life, self-esteem and the state of health of women in general. Results: More than half of the women in our study were already postmenopausal (52.2%);the mean age was 50.5 years with the extremes ranging from 41 to 62 years. The majority of them were married (69.9%), housewives (43.4%) and Bambara (53.1%). The most common climacteric syndromes were: joint pain (65.5%), hot flashes (62.8%) and night sweats (56.6%). Genital-urinary syndromes (42.5%) were dominated by decreased libido (41.7%), urinary disorder (23%) and vaginal dryness (14.6%). Genitalia-urinary syndromes increased the frequency of disagreements;Pearson’s Chi-square = 33.63;ddl = 1;P = 0.001. There was a statistically significant relationship between night sweat, genital-urinary syndromes, joint pain, and increased disease frequency with, respectively: Pearson’s chi-square = 4.660;ddl = 1;P = 0.031;Fisher’s exact test, P = 0.001, Pearson’s Chi-square = 8.434;ddl = 1;P = 0.004. There was no statistically significant relationship between climacteric syndrome and family life, work life and self-esteem. Changes in the professional relationship between women and their co-workers included, respectively: arguments (50%);disagreements (25%) and disobedience (25%). Conclusion: Menopause deteriorates the quality of life of women who suffer in silence, hence the need to pay special attention to them.

Artificial Intelligence and Network Pharmacology Reveal the Medication Rules of Professor Wang Yu-Ying in the Treatment of Climacteric Syndrome

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the medication rules and academic ideas of Professor Wang Yu-Ying in the treatment of climacteric syndrome(CLS) and to predict new prescriptions. Materials and Methods: The characteristics of frequency, clustering, four properties, and five flavors were analyzed, and new prescriptions were predicted through an artificial intelligence(AI)-based method. The potential pathways of new prescriptions were explored through network pharmacology-based analysis. Results: The top 16 medicinals used by Professor Wang Yu-Ying in the treatment of CLS included Danggui, Longgu, Muli, Fuling, Chuanxiong, Gancao, Xiangfu, and Tusizi. The AI method was applied to predict the basic prescription for treating CLS: Danggui 15 g, Duanlonggu 30 g, Duanmuli 30 g, Fuling 28 g, Chuanxiong 10 g, Gancao 6 g, Xiangfu 12 g, Tusizi 14 g, etc., Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses showed that the pathogenesis of CLS might be related to the estrogen pathway, involving typical steroid responses. Conclusions: This study summarized Professor Wang's medication experience in the treatment of CLS based on the data mining of clinical diagnoses and treatment cases. The AI method was used to predict the new prescription of CLS treatment, which was found to be reasonable by network pharmacology studies on its multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms.

Changes of Leucocytic Estrogen Receptor Levelsin Patients with Climacteric Syndrome andthe Therapeutic Effects of LiuweiDihuang Pills (六味地黄丸)

he levels of estrogen receptor (ER) in human peripheral leucocytes in 22 women withclimacteric syndrome were measured by radioligand method. The results were compared with those of 12healthy women of child-bearing age. It was found that the contents of leucocytic ER in patients with cli-macteric syndrome were significantly lower than healthy women of child-bearing age (372±149 vs 1143±255 Rs binding sites/cell). The authors used a Chinese prescription---Liuwei Dihuang Pills (LDP) totreat the patients for 2 months. The levels of leucocytic ER were increased affer treatment. The data indi-cate a decrease of ER Ievels in leucocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of climacteric syndrome.LDP not only increase plasma estradiol levels , but also increase the leucocytic ER levels. This may be thebasis of the therapeutic effect of LDP on climacteric syndrome.

Advances in the Pathogenesis of Perimenopausal Syndrome

Perimenopause syndrome refers to the syndrome of the disorders of multiple systems of women around menopause caused by the reduction in secreted estrogen and is also known as menopause syndrome.Its pathogenesis involves increasing age,the abatement of ovarian function,and psychological change caused by the increasing life pressure.The above factors lead to physical and mental changes in postmenopausal women.This paper summarizes the pathogenesis of perimenopause from the perspective of gene studies and existing experimental studies and provide some ideas for clinical treatment and research.

Experience of Menopause for Women in the Niamey Region, Republic of Niger

Introduction: Menopause is poorly documented in Africa. For most of the women living there, the experience of this period does not seem to be very problematic. For women living in rural areas, other concerns are more prominent. Methods: The study was prospective, quantitative and qualitative about 500 cases collected over a period of 6 months. The study involved postmenopausal women in the Niamey region of public services, in certain residential areas, or accompanying people in health structures. Parameters taken into account were sociocultural, antecedents, experience, knowledge, and management of menopause. The data was entered and analyzed using Microsoft Office Word 2010 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 software. Results: The average age was 56.4 years with extremes of 40 and 80 years;57% were still living with their husbands and 39% widows;60.2% housewives;53% uneducated, 17% have higher education;60.2% had had at least 6 children and 39.6% had used contraception. The comorbidities observed were arterial hypertension (24.4%) and diabetes (7%). As for the representation that women made of menopause, for all of them, this stage is the beginning of old age. The most frequent signs were asthenia (86.2%) and mood disorders (70.6%). Almost all of the patients (99.8%) had not used hormonal treatment for the menopause and among them 27% the management of the menopause was with traditional means. Conclusion: Menopausal disorders are certainly a reality in our socio-cultural context. They are not a primary concern either through ignorance or resignation of the women concerned.

Clinical Study on Electroacupuncture for Perimenopause Syndrome

Objective： To observe the clinical effect of electroacupuncture in treating perimenopause syndrome （PMS） and explore its possible action mechanism. Methods： All of 110 cases with PMS were randomized into group A [Guanyuan （CV 4） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6）] and group B [Neiguan （PC 6） and Zusanli （ST 36）], 55 cases in each. After 4-week treatments, the Kupperman Menopausal Index （KMI） was adopted to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Estradiol （E2）, follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） were assayed respectively before and after treatments. Results： The KMI decreased by 52.6% in group A, versus 47.4% in group B. The total effective rate was 93.6% in group A, versus 85.7% in group B, and the difference was not significant （P〈0.05）. The content of E2 both increased in the two groups after 4-week treatments （P〈0.05）; the contents of FSH and LH dropped but without statistical difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Both of the two acupoints groups can significantly lower KMI, and effectively increase the contents of E2 in patients with PMS

Survey on Clinical and Basic Study on Perimenopausal Syndrome Treated by Moxibustion

Objective： To review the general study situation of perimenopausal syndrome treated with moxibustion, and to summarize the therapeutic rules of moxibustion for perimenopausal syndrome. Methods： The literature about clinical and experimental study on moxibustion treatment for perimenopausal syndrome since 1996 was sorted out and analyzed by computer search. Results and Conclusion： Twenty-nine articles were collected upon the criteria of recruitment. Mostly used methods were salt-partitioned and warming needle moxibustion, and the most frequently used meridians were Conception Vessel, Governor Vessel, Spleen Meridian, and Kidney Meridian. In acupoints, Shenque （CV 8）, Guanyuan （CV 4）, Mingmen （GV 4） and Yinbai （SP 1） were used in high freauecy.

Combined Acupuncture-moxibustion and Psychotherapy for Perimenopause Syndrome

Objective： To observe the effect of combined acupuncture-moxibustion with psychotherapy in treating perimenopause syndrome. Methods： Eighty patients with perimenopause syndrome were randomized into two groups. Forty-two patients in the treatment group were intervened by acupuncture-moxibustion and psychotherapy, and the other 38 in the control group were treated by acupuncture-moxibustion only. The treatment was given once a day, 15 times constitute a treatment course. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after 3 treatment courses. Results： The total effective rate and the effective rate of the emotional state were both 97.6% in the treatment group, versus 89.5% and 73.7% in the control. The comparison of the total effective rate and the effective rate of the emotional state between the two groups both showed significant difference （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture-moxibusiton has better effect in treating perimenopause syndrome when combined with psychotherapy.

Ear Acupuncture for Perimenopause Syndrome:A Multi-centered Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective： To observe and evaluate the clinical effect of ear acupuncture in treating perimenopause syndrome. Methods： A multi-centered randomized controlled trial was conducted and the enrolled participants were divided into an ear acupuncture group and a control group. The ear acupuncture group was treated by electroacupuncture at auricular points, and the control one was prescribed for Geng Nian An （Menopause Helper） tablets. The therapeutic effects were evaluated after 10-day treatments. Results： For pre-menopausal patients, the total effective rate was 96.8% in the ear acupuncture group, versus 56.3% in the control. For post-menopausal patients, the total effective rate was 85.7% in the ear acupuncture group, versus 53.0% in the control. Conclusion： Both ear acupuncture and Geng Nian An （Menopause Helper） tablets were effective in ameliorating symptoms of perimenopause syndrome, with satisfactory compliance and safety. The clinical effect of ear acupuncture is better than that of Geng Nian An （Menopause Helper） tablets.

Effect of Acupoint Catgut-Embedding on the Quality of Life,Reproductive Endocrine and Bone Metabolism of Postmenopausal Women

Objective： To observe the influence of acupoint catgut-embedding therapy on the quality of life （QOL）,the reproductive endocrine and bone metabolism of postmenopausal women.Methods：AA ttoottaall of 65 women with climacteric syndrome were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups,thirty-three in the treatment group on whom acupoint catgut-embedding was performed with Shenshu （BL23）,Sanyinjiao （SP6） and Guanyuan （CV4） as main acupoints,and thirty-two in the control group who were only medicated with Fufuchun Capsule （妇复春胶囊））..The treatment course for both groups was 3 months.Before and aafftteerr treatment,the clinical symptoms,the QOL score,serum follicle stimulating hormone （FSH）,luteinizing hormone （LH）,eessttrraaddiiooll （（EE 2 ）,testosterone （T）,osteocalcin （BGP）,parathyroid hormone （PTH）,,ccaallcciittoonniinn （CT） aaannnddd alkaline phosphatase （AKP） were measured.In addition,another 28 women with childbearing potential and normal regular menstrual cycle were selected and the reproductive endocrine hormone were tested in the ovulatory period as controls.Results： The levels of serum FSH and LH of postmenopausal women were higher,and serum E 2 and T were lower than those of normal women （P〈00..0011））..After treatment,the levels of serum EE 2 in both groups and T in the treatment group were increased,while in the control group the serum E 2 increase was more significant than that in the treatment group （P〈0.05）,and serum T showed no statistical difference.The levels of serum FSH,LH,BGP,CT,PTH and AKP were reduced significantly in both groups after treatment （P〈00..0055））..The QOL scores were increased remarkably in both groups on physiological functioning,bbooddiillyy pain,general health,vitality,and mental health after treatment （P〈00..0055））,,but the improvement of bodily ppaaiinn and mental health in the treatment group were better than those in the control group （P〈0.01）.There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effect between the two groups after treatment （P〉00..0055））..Conclusions： Acupoint catgut-embedding showed an obvious effect on climacteric syndrome,and enhanced the QOL in postmenopausal women.The therapy could regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis to raise the serum E 2 level which may be significant in preventing and curing the osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Clinical Study on Electroacupuncture for Perimenopausal Insomnia

Objective： To observe the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture in treating perimenopausal insomnia. Methods： Seventy eligible subjects were randomized into two groups, 38 subjects in the treatment group were intervened by electroacupuncture, 30 min each session; 32 subjects in the control group were intervened by Alprazolam, 0.4 mg each time before sleep. Athens insomnia scale （AIS） was adopted to evaluate sleep quality. Results： The therapeutic efficacy in the treatment group was significantly better than that in the control group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Electroacupuncture efficacy in treating perimenopausal can produce a content therapeutic nsomnia.

Clinical Observation on Acupuncture Therapy for Depression at Perimenopause

Objective:To observe the effect of acupuncture therapy on depression at perimenopause.Methods:Sixty patients who had depression at perimenopause were divided into a treatment group and a control group,thirty patients in each group.Patients in the treatment group were treated with Bo’s abdominal acupuncture,while patients in the control group were treated with Prozac.Hamilton depression scale(HAMD)and Beck depression inventory(BDI)were observed before and after treatment to evaluate the clinical effect.Results:Depression levels decreased after treatments in both groups(P<0.05).There were no statistical differences between the two groups in the total effective rate and BDI.Conclusion:Abdominal acupuncture has similar effect in treating depression at perimenopause with Prozac..

Clinical Study on Acupuncture in Treating Perimenopausal Insomnia

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture for insomnia in perimenopausal women.Methods:According to simple randomized controlled principle,sixty female patients with perimenopausal insomnia were randomized into two groups:30 in the treatment group were intervened by acupuncture and the other 30 in the control group were intervened by taking sleeping pills.Therapeutic efficacies were compared between the two groups at the end of treatment.Results:The total effective rate was 100.0%in the treatment group versus 83.3%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acupuncture has better therapeutic efficacy than taking sleeping pills in treating perimenopausal insomnia.

Therapeutic Evaluation on Needling Method of Regulating the Conception Vessel and Calming the Mind for Perimenopausal Sleep Disorder

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of needling method of regulating the Conception Vessel and calming the mind in treating sleep disorder in perimenopausal women, and to provide clinical evidence for future treatment of the disease. Methods: Sixty eligible subjects with perimenopausal sleep disorder were enrolled and randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was intervened by needling method of regulating the Conception Vessel and calming the mind, and the control group was treated by taking Yi Kun Yin orally. Two-week treatment was considered as a treatment course. Major symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were observed, and clinical efficacies were compared. Results: After treatment, the difference in total effective rate between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); except for flaccidity of lumbar and knees, both groups achieved significant improvements in the other 5 symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine (P<0.05 or P<0.01); PSQI global score and component scores dropped in both groups, and the improvements in the observation group were markedly superior to that in the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: The needling method of regulating the Conception Vessel and calming the mind is better than Yi Kun Yin in improving traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and sleep quality in patients with perimenopausal sleep disorders.