The climate in the 1980′s is characterized by the appearance of two strong ENSO events and by the warmest decade in global mean temperature. Whether there is a linkage between ENSO and global warming ? This paper sho...The climate in the 1980′s is characterized by the appearance of two strong ENSO events and by the warmest decade in global mean temperature. Whether there is a linkage between ENSO and global warming ? This paper shows the climate anomaly patterns over the global ocean in the 1980′s and their comparison with that of ENSO composite mode and that simulated by 2×CO 2 , indicating the role of super ENSO in the establishment of new climate regime in the 1980′s.展开更多
With the influence of global warming,the global climate has undergone significant inter-decadal variation since the late 1970s.Although El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has been the strongest signal for predicting g...With the influence of global warming,the global climate has undergone significant inter-decadal variation since the late 1970s.Although El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has been the strongest signal for predicting global climate inter-annual variability,its relation with the summer rainfall in China has significantly changed,and its indicative function on the summer rainfall in China has weakened.This has led to a significant decrease in the accuracy rate of early conceptual prediction models for the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China.On the basis of the difference analysis of atmospheric circulation system configuration in summer,as well as the interaction of ocean and atmospheric in previous winter between two phases,i.e.before and after the significant global warming(1951 to 1978 and 1979 to 2012,respectively),we concluded that(1)Under different inter-decadal backgrounds,the atmospheric circulations that impacted the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China showed consistency,but in the latter phase of the global warming,the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)was on the strong side,the position of which was in the south,and the blocking high in the Eurasia mid-high latitudes was active,while the polar vortex extended to the south,and meridional circulation intensified.This circulation background may have been conducive to the increase of the circulation frequency of Patterns II and III,and the decrease of the circulation frequency of Pattern I,thus leading to more Patterns II and III and fewer Pattern I in the summer rainfall of eastern China.(2)In the former phase,the corresponding previous winter SST fields of different rainfall patterns showed visible differences.The impact of ENSO on North Pacific Oscillation(NPO)was great,and the identification ability of which on Patterns I and II of summer rainfall was effective.In the latter phase,this identification ability decreased,while the impact of ENSO on the Pacific/North American(PNA)teleconnection pattern increased,and the identification ability of the PNA on Patterns II and III also increased.Based on the new inter-decadal climate background,this study reconstructs the conceptual prediction model for the Three Rainfall Patterns in summer of eastern China by using the previous winter PNA and the Eurasian(EU)teleconnection indexes.The fitting effect was satisfying,though it is necessary to be further tested.展开更多
热带太平洋海洋大气耦合系统对全球变暖的响应是气候变化的热点问题.前人研究发现,气候模式的模拟偏差对于全球变暖响应结果有重要影响.本文利用美国大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCAR)的地球系统模式(The Co...热带太平洋海洋大气耦合系统对全球变暖的响应是气候变化的热点问题.前人研究发现,气候模式的模拟偏差对于全球变暖响应结果有重要影响.本文利用美国大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCAR)的地球系统模式(The Community Earth System Model,CESM)中的大气模式(Community Atmosphere Model version 5,CAM5)设计数值试验,在相同的SST(Sea Surface Temperature)增暖强迫下,通过改变海洋SST的年际变化振幅,来分析热带海洋年际变化强度的模拟对未来热带海区降水和大气环流场未来变化的影响.试验结果表明,随着SST年际变化强度的增加,全球变暖后热带太平洋降水变化的东西不对称性,以及向暖池区域辐合的风场变化等特征都逐渐减弱.进一步的分析发现,不同年际变化信号导致的大气场变化差异主要发生在冬季,是由于热带太平洋SST年际变化主模态ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)的不对称性造成的:在厄尔尼诺年,强(弱)的年际变化信号会造成降水在东太平洋产生较大(小)的变化;而在拉尼娜年和正常年份,年际变化信号的强弱对热带降水变化的影响则不大.当热带海温的年际变化较大时,厄尔尼诺年的海温异常更强,造成的降水和风场的变化特征也会更加显著.展开更多
An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are ass...An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature （SST） mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index （GPI）, global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed.展开更多
文摘The climate in the 1980′s is characterized by the appearance of two strong ENSO events and by the warmest decade in global mean temperature. Whether there is a linkage between ENSO and global warming ? This paper shows the climate anomaly patterns over the global ocean in the 1980′s and their comparison with that of ENSO composite mode and that simulated by 2×CO 2 , indicating the role of super ENSO in the establishment of new climate regime in the 1980′s.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB955902,2013CB430204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40930952,41375078)
文摘With the influence of global warming,the global climate has undergone significant inter-decadal variation since the late 1970s.Although El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)has been the strongest signal for predicting global climate inter-annual variability,its relation with the summer rainfall in China has significantly changed,and its indicative function on the summer rainfall in China has weakened.This has led to a significant decrease in the accuracy rate of early conceptual prediction models for the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China.On the basis of the difference analysis of atmospheric circulation system configuration in summer,as well as the interaction of ocean and atmospheric in previous winter between two phases,i.e.before and after the significant global warming(1951 to 1978 and 1979 to 2012,respectively),we concluded that(1)Under different inter-decadal backgrounds,the atmospheric circulations that impacted the Three Rainfall Patterns in the summer of eastern China showed consistency,but in the latter phase of the global warming,the Western Pacific Subtropical High(WPSH)was on the strong side,the position of which was in the south,and the blocking high in the Eurasia mid-high latitudes was active,while the polar vortex extended to the south,and meridional circulation intensified.This circulation background may have been conducive to the increase of the circulation frequency of Patterns II and III,and the decrease of the circulation frequency of Pattern I,thus leading to more Patterns II and III and fewer Pattern I in the summer rainfall of eastern China.(2)In the former phase,the corresponding previous winter SST fields of different rainfall patterns showed visible differences.The impact of ENSO on North Pacific Oscillation(NPO)was great,and the identification ability of which on Patterns I and II of summer rainfall was effective.In the latter phase,this identification ability decreased,while the impact of ENSO on the Pacific/North American(PNA)teleconnection pattern increased,and the identification ability of the PNA on Patterns II and III also increased.Based on the new inter-decadal climate background,this study reconstructs the conceptual prediction model for the Three Rainfall Patterns in summer of eastern China by using the previous winter PNA and the Eurasian(EU)teleconnection indexes.The fitting effect was satisfying,though it is necessary to be further tested.
文摘热带太平洋海洋大气耦合系统对全球变暖的响应是气候变化的热点问题.前人研究发现,气候模式的模拟偏差对于全球变暖响应结果有重要影响.本文利用美国大气研究中心(National Center for Atmospheric Research,NCAR)的地球系统模式(The Community Earth System Model,CESM)中的大气模式(Community Atmosphere Model version 5,CAM5)设计数值试验,在相同的SST(Sea Surface Temperature)增暖强迫下,通过改变海洋SST的年际变化振幅,来分析热带海洋年际变化强度的模拟对未来热带海区降水和大气环流场未来变化的影响.试验结果表明,随着SST年际变化强度的增加,全球变暖后热带太平洋降水变化的东西不对称性,以及向暖池区域辐合的风场变化等特征都逐渐减弱.进一步的分析发现,不同年际变化信号导致的大气场变化差异主要发生在冬季,是由于热带太平洋SST年际变化主模态ENSO(El Nino Southern Oscillation)的不对称性造成的:在厄尔尼诺年,强(弱)的年际变化信号会造成降水在东太平洋产生较大(小)的变化;而在拉尼娜年和正常年份,年际变化信号的强弱对热带降水变化的影响则不大.当热带海温的年际变化较大时,厄尔尼诺年的海温异常更强,造成的降水和风场的变化特征也会更加显著.
基金Supported jointly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41125017 and 41330423)National(Key) Basic Research and Development(973) Program of China(2010CB951904)Public Science and Technology Research Project Funds of Ocean(201105019-3)
文摘An overview of Chinese contribution to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project-Phase 5 （CMIP5） is presented. The performances of five Chinese Climate/Earth System Models that participated in the CMIP5 pro ject are assessed in the context of climate mean states, seasonal cycle, intraseasonal oscillation, interan-nual variability, interdecadal variability, global monsoon, Asian-Australian monsoon, 20th-century historical climate simulation, climate change pro jection, and climate sensitivity. Both the strengths and weaknesses of the models are evaluated. The models generally show reasonable performances in simulating sea surface tem-perature （SST） mean state, seasonal cycle, spatial patterns of Madden-Julian oscillation （MJO） amplitude and tropical cyclone Genesis Potential Index （GPI）, global monsoon precipitation pattern, El Ni-no-Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO） related SST anomalies. However, the perfor-mances of the models in simulating the time periods, amplitude, and phase locking of ENSO, PDO time periods, GPI magnitude, MJO propagation, magnitude of SST seasonal cycle, northwestern Pacific mon-soon and North American monsoon domains, as well as the skill of large-scale Asian monsoon precipitation need to be improved. The model performances in simulating the time evolution and spatial pattern of the 20th-century global warming and the future change under representative concentration pathways pro jection are compared to the multimodel ensemble of CMIP5 models. The model discrepancies in terms of climate sensitivity are also discussed.
