POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY OF MONTHLY PRECIPITATION OVER CHINA

In this paper,based on the data at 70 stations selected evenly over China for 31 years from 1961—1991.three methods to estimate climatic noise have been discussed and then the climatic noise and potential predictability of monthly precipitation(January.July.April and October)have been examined.The estimating of climatic noise is based on the method of Madden and improved methods of Trenberth and Yamamoto et al.(1985).The potential predictability is approximated by the ratio of the estimated interannual variation to the natural variation.Generally.the climatic noise of monthly precipitation over China has obvious seasonal variation and it is greater in summer than in winter,a bit greater in autumn than in spring.In most areas,the climatic noise is prominently decreasing from south to north and from coast to inland.The potential predictability of monthly precipitation also has obvious seasonal and regional difference,but the potential predictability is greater in winter than in summer in most parts of China.Whereas the comparison of spring and autumn is not obvious.Comparing with the method of Madden,the estimated values of climatic noise based on the improved methods of Trenberth and Yamamoto et al.are relatively lower.

中国月平均温度的气候噪声和潜在可预报性

利用中国74个测站1960～1991年日平均温度研究了中国月平均温度的气候噪声和潜在可预报性。气候噪声是在Yamamoto等人的思想基础上设计的方法估计的，而潜在可预报性则是用月平均温度的年际变化与自然变化（气候噪声）之比表示的。一般情况下中国月平均温度的气候噪声随纬度和高度增加而增加，并随季节变化而变化。来自西伯利亚和蒙古的变性大陆干冷气团对气候噪声有很大的影响，一般而言，海洋对气候噪声起着调节和减弱作用（除了热带海洋在春秋过渡季节外）。月平均温度的潜在可预报性有较大的季节和区域差异。但总的来说中国月平均温度在α＝0．10的统计显著性水平上是潜在可预报的。这些结果表明由于气候噪声和潜在可预报性有季节和区域的差异，所以不能要求用一个气候模式在任何时候对每一地区都得到满意的结果。要对各月的气候进行预报，需根据不同月份至少不同季节建立区域气候模式可能更有发展前景。

青海省月平均气温潜在长期可预报性的估计

讨论了气候信号与气候噪声的相互关系和月平均气温预报正确率的上限问题。用青海省２５个站逐日气温的多年资料，按３种方法估计了气候信号和气候噪声的方差。结果得出，如果以绝对误差小于均方差的０．６８倍作为预报正确的标准，则青海省月平均气温预报正确率的上限约为６６％～７２％，冬季与夏季差别不大。