Depression and cardiovascular diseases among Canadian older adults: a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the CLSA Comprehensive Cohort

Objective To examine whether cardiovascular disease(CVD) is associated with depression status. Methods 29,328 participants from baseline of Canadian Longitudinal Study for Aging were categorized into four groups of depression status. Group 1: no depression(reference);Group 2: currently with depression symptom(CES-D10 score ≥ 10, negative self-reported depression);Group 3: self-reported depression with no current symptom(CES-D10 score < 10, positive self-reported depression);and Group 4: self-reported depression with current symptom(CES-D10 score ≥ 10, self-reported depression). Six self-reported CVDs were grouped into two related disorders, i.e., heart related disorders(HRD) including heart disease, myocardial infarction, and angina;and peripheral/vascular related disorders(PRD) including hypertension, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Adjusted odds ratios(ORs) were used to evaluate the associations between depression and CVDs. Results 17.3% of participants had self-reported depression, 15.3% were with current depression symptom, 10.5% were with HRD and 34.4% were with PRD. After adjusting for variables of demographics, sex, lifestyles, and comorbidities, compared to reference, people in Group 2 had a slightly increased odds, but most of them were not statistically significant;the ORs(95% CI) were 1.36(1.18–1.58, P < 0.0001) for HRD and 1.20(1.09–1.32, P < 0.001) for PRD in Group 3;for people in Group 4, the ORs(95% CI) were 1.31(1.08–1.61, P < 0.01) for HRD and 1.17(1.02–1.34, P < 0.05) for PRD. Sex-and age-stratified analyses suggested that the increased ORs were more prevalent in men and people aged < 65 years. Conclusions Seniors with self-reported depression are associated with an increased risk of CVDs, the association varies by depression status, sex and age.

Assessment of clinical depression metrics in cardiac patients using the patient health Questionnaire-9 before and after phase-II cardiac rehabilitation

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality,a fact that is commonly associated with co-morbidities such as clinical depression.While phase II cardiac rehabilitation is an established intervention for those with cardiovascular disease,its effect on patients who also suffer from depression are under studied.Aim:To quantify Pre-and Post-cardiac rehabilitation questionnaire scores collected from a large patient data registry.For this investigation,27670 patients completed Patient Health Questionnaire-9 questionnaires both Pre-and Post-rehabilitation(averaging[28.08.7]phase II sessions).Findings reveal that questionnaire scores decreased by 40%–48%across all groups,a finding that was independent of assigned sex,race,and ethnicity.Moreover,when data were stratified for questionnaire scores that may indicate major and minor depressive disorder,phase II cardiac rehabilitation outcomes were lower by 61%and 49%respectively.While all groups exhibited lower questionnaire scores following cardiac rehabilitation participation,numerical differences at Preand Post-rehabilitation time points indicate that males and White patients have more favorable scores.This latter observation,while not confirmed currently,appears to be linked to referral rates to phase II cardiac rehabilitation,which remain poor for females,racial and ethnic minorities.

Clinical study on depression differentiated as yang deficiency treated with the combined therapy of ginger-isolated moxibustion and western medicine

Objective To compare the differences in the clinical efficacy on depression differentiated as yang deficiency between the combined therapy of ginger isolated moxibustion and escitalopram and the simple application escitalopram.Methods Eighty patients of depression differentiated as yang deficiency were randomized into an observa-